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Seznam Slovíček Úrovně C2 - Psychology

Zde se naučíte všechna základní slova pro mluvení o psychologii, shromážděná speciálně pro studenty úrovně C2.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
catharsis
catharsis
[Podstatné jméno]

(psychology) the process of relieving a complex by bringing it to consciousness and directly addressing it

katarze, emocionální očista

katarze, emocionální očista

Ex: Writing in a journal can provide a sense of catharsis, allowing individuals to express and process their emotions. 
neurosis
neurosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neuróza, neurotická porucha

neuróza, neurotická porucha

Ex: Neurosis often manifests as chronic anxiety, obsessive behaviors, or phobias that interfere with daily functioning. 
dissociation
dissociation
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological and neurological process involving a separation or disconnection of thoughts, memories, identity, or consciousness, often as a response to trauma or stress

disociace, odpojení

disociace, odpojení

Ex: Dissociation can lead to memory gaps or amnesia, where individuals may forget significant portions of their experiences. 
cognitive behavioral therapy
cognitive behavioral therapy
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychotherapy that targets negative thoughts and behaviors to address mental health issues

kognitivně behaviorální terapie, KBT

kognitivně behaviorální terapie, KBT

Ex: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based approach that helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors. 
psyche
psyche
[Podstatné jméno]

the immaterial or nonphysical aspect of a person

duše, psychika

duše, psychika

Ex: Many cultures believe the psyche survives after death. 
psychosis
psychosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

psychóza, psychotický stav

psychóza, psychotický stav

Ex: Psychosis is a mental health condition characterized by a loss of contact with reality, often manifesting as hallucinations or delusions. 
body dysmorphic disorder
body dysmorphic disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

tělesná dysmorfická porucha, dysmorfofobie

tělesná dysmorfická porucha, dysmorfofobie

Ex: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition where individuals obsess over perceived flaws in their appearance, which are often unnoticeable to others. 
obsessive-compulsive disorder

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

obsedantně-kompulzivní porucha, OCD

obsedantně-kompulzivní porucha, OCD

Ex: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed to alleviate anxiety. 
post-traumatic stress disorder

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

posttraumatická stresová porucha

posttraumatická stresová porucha

Ex: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after an individual experiences or witnesses a traumatic event, such as combat, a natural disaster, or a serious accident. 
borderline personality disorder

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

hraniční porucha osobnosti, borderline porucha osobnosti

hraniční porucha osobnosti, borderline porucha osobnosti

Ex: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition characterized by intense and unstable relationships, emotions, and self-image. 
dissociative identity disorder

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

disociativní porucha identity, mnohočetná porucha osobnosti

disociativní porucha identity, mnohočetná porucha osobnosti

Ex: Dissociative identity disorder (DID), formerly known as multiple personality disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities within a single individual. 
coping mechanism
coping mechanism
[Podstatné jméno]

a strategy or behavior used to manage or counteract challenging emotions, thoughts, or situations

mechanismus zvládání, strategie zvládání

mechanismus zvládání, strategie zvládání

Ex: Exercise can serve as a coping mechanism for managing stress, anxiety, and depression by releasing endorphins and promoting a sense of well-being. 
defense mechanism
defense mechanism
[Podstatné jméno]

an unconscious mental strategy individuals use to cope with anxiety, discomfort, or threatening emotions

obranný mechanismus, ochranný mechanismus

obranný mechanismus, ochranný mechanismus

Ex: Denial, a defense mechanism, involves refusing to accept or acknowledge the reality of a situation. 
abreaction
abreaction
[Podstatné jméno]

the release of repressed emotions or traumatic memories through therapeutic means, often resulting in catharsis and emotional relief

abreakce, emocionální osvobození

abreakce, emocionální osvobození

Ex: Abreaction can occur during therapy sessions. 
bipolar disorder
bipolar disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

bipolární porucha, maniodepresivní psychóza

bipolární porucha, maniodepresivní psychóza

Ex: Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include periods of mania (elevated mood) and depression (low mood). 
hypochondria
hypochondria
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition in which a person is constantly anxious and worried about their health

hypochondrie, obavy o zdraví

hypochondrie, obavy o zdraví

Ex: Hypochondria, also known as illness anxiety disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by excessive worry and fear about having a serious medical illness, despite no or minimal evidence of actual illness. 
kleptomania
kleptomania
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with stealing things without any financial motive

kleptomanie, chorobná touha krást

kleptomanie, chorobná touha krást

Ex: Kleptomania is a mental health disorder characterized by a recurrent urge to steal items that are not needed for personal use or monetary gain. 
latent content
latent content
[Podstatné jméno]

the underlying, symbolic meanings embedded within dreams as interpreted through psychoanalytic theory, contrasted with the manifest content

skrytý obsah, skrytý význam

skrytý obsah, skrytý význam

Ex: The therapist helped uncover the latent content of her recurring dreams. 
masochism
masochism
[Podstatné jméno]

the tendency to derive sexual pleasure from experiencing physical or emotional pain or humiliation

masochismus, masochistické sklony

masochismus, masochistické sklony

Ex: Masochism involves finding pleasure in experiencing pain. 
narcissism
narcissism
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological trait or personality disorder where someone is excessively self-centered and believes they are superior to others

narcismus, egocentrismus

narcismus, egocentrismus

Ex: Narcissism is a personality trait characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance and a constant need for admiration from others. 
Oedipus complex
Oedipus complex
[Podstatné jméno]

a child's unconscious desire for the opposite-sex parent and rivalry with the same-sex parent

Oidipův komplex, Oidipovský komplex

Oidipův komplex, Oidipovský komplex

Ex: The Oedipus complex describes a boy's feelings for his mother. 
psychosomatic disorder
psychosomatic disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological condition characterized by physical symptoms that derive from mental or emotional causes, often without any medical explanation

psychosomatická porucha, psychosomatické onemocnění

psychosomatická porucha, psychosomatické onemocnění

Ex: A psychosomatic disorder is a condition in which physical symptoms are caused or aggravated by psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, or emotional distress. 
rationalization
rationalization
[Podstatné jméno]

(psychiatry) the process by which individuals justify or explain their behaviors, often unconsciously, in a way that aligns with their self-image or societal norms

racionalizace

racionalizace

Ex: Rationalization helps people feel better about their decisions. 
Freudian slip
Freudian slip
[Podstatné jméno]

an error that reveals the speaker's actual thoughts or feelings

Freudovské přeřeknutí, chybný výkon

Freudovské přeřeknutí, chybný výkon

Ex: During his speech, the politician made a Freudian slip, mistakenly referring to his opponent as "my esteemed friend" instead of "my esteemed opponent." 
condensation
condensation
[Podstatné jméno]

(psychoanalysis) the process by which disparate elements of the unconscious mind are combined into a single symbol or image, often observed in dreams or during free association in therapy

kondenzace, zhustění

kondenzace, zhustění

Ex: Condensation simplifies intricate psychological processes into understandable forms. 
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