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Seznam Slovíček Úrovně C2 - Psychology

Zde se naučíte všechna základní slova pro mluvení o psychologii, shromážděná speciálně pro studenty úrovně C2.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
catharsis
[Podstatné jméno]

(psychology) the process of relieving a complex by bringing it to consciousness and directly addressing it

katarze, katarzní proces

katarze, katarzní proces

Ex: Participating in a support group can catharsis, as sharing personal stories with others who understand can be incredibly healing .
neurosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neurosa, neuróza

neurosa, neuróza

Ex: Symptoms neurosis can include persistent feelings of sadness , irritability , and fear , often without a clear or rational cause .
dissociation
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological and neurological process involving a separation or disconnection of thoughts, memories, identity, or consciousness, often as a response to trauma or stress

dissociace, oddělení

dissociace, oddělení

Ex: Dissociation is a complex phenomenon that involves alterations in consciousness , perception , and self-awareness .
cognitive behavioral therapy
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychotherapy that targets negative thoughts and behaviors to address mental health issues

kognitivně behaviorální terapie, kognitivní a behaviorální terapie

kognitivně behaviorální terapie, kognitivní a behaviorální terapie

Ex: Cognitive behavioral therapy can be conducted in individual or group settings , and often includes homework assignments to practice new skills outside of sessions .
psyche
[Podstatné jméno]

the entirety of the human mind, including conscious and unconscious elements, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

psyche, duše

psyche, duše

Ex: Therapists work with individuals to explore and navigate the depths of psyche during counseling sessions .
psychosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

psychóza, psychotická porucha

psychóza, psychotická porucha

Ex: Psychosis can be a symptom of various mental health disorders , including schizophrenia , bipolar disorder , and severe depression .
body dysmorphic disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

tělesná dysmorfofobie, porucha tělesného vnímání

tělesná dysmorfofobie, porucha tělesného vnímání

Ex: Early diagnosis and treatment body dysmorphic disorder are essential to prevent the condition from severely impacting an individual 's quality of life and mental health .

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

obsessivně kompulzivní porucha, obsessivní porucha

obsessivně kompulzivní porucha, obsessivní porucha

Ex: Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) can help manage symptoms obsessive-compulsive disorder by altering brain chemistry to reduce obsessive thoughts and compulsions .

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

posttraumatická stresová porucha, PTSD (posttraumatická stresová porucha)

posttraumatická stresová porucha, PTSD (posttraumatická stresová porucha)

Ex: Early intervention and support are crucial for individuals post-traumatic stress disorder, as timely treatment can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life .

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

hraniční porucha osobnosti, hraniční osobnostní porucha

hraniční porucha osobnosti, hraniční osobnostní porucha

Ex: With appropriate therapy and support , individuals borderline personality disorder can learn to manage their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life .

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

dissociativní porucha osobnosti, porucha identity

dissociativní porucha osobnosti, porucha identity

Ex: dissociative identity disorder can be challenging , as individuals may struggle to maintain a cohesive sense of identity and may experience difficulties in relationships and daily functioning .
coping mechanism
[Podstatné jméno]

a strategy or behavior used to manage or counteract challenging emotions, thoughts, or situations

kopingová strategie, mechanismus zvládání

kopingová strategie, mechanismus zvládání

Ex: Avoidance can sometimes be a maladaptive coping mechanism, as individuals may use substances or distractions to temporarily escape from their problems rather than addressing them directly.
defense mechanism
[Podstatné jméno]

an unconscious mental strategy individuals use to cope with anxiety, discomfort, or threatening emotions

obranný mechanismus, obranný prostředek

obranný mechanismus, obranný prostředek

Ex: Humor can serve as defense mechanism, allowing individuals to find amusement in challenging situations to alleviate tension and anxiety .
abreaction
[Podstatné jméno]

the release of repressed emotions or traumatic memories through therapeutic means, often resulting in catharsis and emotional relief

abreakce, aborace

abreakce, aborace

Ex: Abreaction helps individuals heal from past traumas .
bipolar disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

bipolární porucha, bipolární duševní porucha

bipolární porucha, bipolární duševní porucha

Ex: Support from friends , family , and mental health professionals is essential for individuals bipolar disorder to effectively manage their condition and improve their quality of life .
hypochondria
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition in which a person is constantly anxious and worried about their health

hypochondrie, hypochondriáza

hypochondrie, hypochondriáza

Ex: Support from mental health professionals , as well as education about the nature hypochondria and its treatment options , can help individuals with this condition manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life .
kleptomania
[Podstatné jméno]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with stealing things without any financial motive

Kleptomanie, Kleptománie

Kleptomanie, Kleptománie

Ex: Support from mental health professionals and support groups can be valuable for individuals kleptomania in learning coping strategies and preventing relapse into stealing behaviors .
latent content
[Podstatné jméno]

the underlying, symbolic meanings embedded within dreams as interpreted through psychoanalytic theory, contrasted with the manifest content

latentní obsah, skrytý obsah

latentní obsah, skrytý obsah

Ex: Identifying latent content of dreams can be challenging but rewarding .
masochism
[Podstatné jméno]

the tendency to derive sexual pleasure from experiencing physical or emotional pain or humiliation

mazochismus, mazoismus

mazochismus, mazoismus

Ex: Masochism can be harmful if not addressed in therapy .
narcissism
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological trait or personality disorder where someone is excessively self-centered and believes they are superior to others

narcismus, narcistická porucha

narcismus, narcistická porucha

Ex: Despite his outward confidence , narcissism masked deep-seated insecurities and fear of rejection .
Oedipus complex
[Podstatné jméno]

a child's unconscious desire for the opposite-sex parent and rivalry with the same-sex parent

Oidipovský komplex, Oidipusův komplex

Oidipovský komplex, Oidipusův komplex

Ex: Many psychologists still debate the significance of Oedipus complex.
psychosomatic disorder
[Podstatné jméno]

a psychological condition characterized by physical symptoms that derive from mental or emotional causes, often without any medical explanation

psychosomatická porucha, psychosomatická nemoc

psychosomatická porucha, psychosomatická nemoc

Ex: Understanding the connection between psychological factors and physical symptoms is crucial for effectively psychosomatic disorders and improving overall well-being .
rationalization
[Podstatné jméno]

(psychiatry) the process by which individuals justify or explain their behaviors, often unconsciously, in a way that aligns with their self-image or societal norms

racionalizace, ospravedlnění

racionalizace, ospravedlnění

Ex: People sometimes rationalization to avoid responsibility .
condensation
[Podstatné jméno]

(psychoanalysis) the process by which disparate elements of the unconscious mind are combined into a single symbol or image, often observed in dreams or during free association in therapy

kondenzace, zesíťování

kondenzace, zesíťování

Ex: Dreams often condensation, blending different elements into singular symbols .
Freudian slip
[Podstatné jméno]

an error that reveals the speaker's actual thoughts or feelings

Freudovský lapsus, Freudovská chyba

Freudovský lapsus, Freudovská chyba

Ex: The professor, in a Freudian slip, unintentionally revealed his true opinion about the research project, saying, "It's an absolute waste of time and resources."
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