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Необходимый Словарный Запас для TOEFL - Дома и здания

Здесь вы узнаете некоторые английские слова о домах и зданиях, такие как "подвал", "сарай", "бетон" и т. д., которые необходимы для экзамена TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
mansion
mansion
[существительное]

a very large and impressive house

особняк

особняк

Ex: The billionaire lives in a luxurious mansion overlooking the ocean. 
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lighthouse
lighthouse
[существительное]

a large structure, such as a tower, placed near the coast and equipped with a powerful light that guides or warns the approaching ships

маяк

маяк

Ex: The old lighthouse guided ships safely through the treacherous waters of the harbor. 
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skyscraper
skyscraper
[существительное]

a modern building that is very tall, often built in a city

небоскреб

небоскреб

Ex: The city skyline is dominated by a new skyscraper that towers over all the other buildings. 
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warehouse
warehouse
[существительное]

a large place in which raw materials or produced goods are stored before they are sold or distributed

склад

склад

Ex: The company rented a warehouse to store their excess inventory during peak production seasons. 
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shelter
shelter
[существительное]

a structure offering protection and privacy from danger

укрытие

укрытие

Ex: The hikers found a shelter in the forest during the storm. 
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cellar
cellar
[существительное]

an underground storage space or room, typically found in a building, used for storing food, wine, or other items that require a cool and dark environment

подвал

подвал

Ex: They use the cellar to store homemade preserves and pickles. 
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landmark
landmark
[существительное]

a structure or a place that is historically important

ориентир

ориентир

Ex: The Great Wall of China is a remarkable landmark that stretches across thousands of miles and has stood for centuries. 
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property
property
[существительное]

a building or the piece of land surrounding it, owned by individuals, businesses, or entities

земельная собственность

земельная собственность

Ex: They inherited a large property with acres of farmland and a historic farmhouse. 
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shed
shed
[существительное]

a simple and small cottage-like building that is built to store things or shelter animals

сарай

сарай

Ex: The tools were neatly arranged inside the garden shed behind the house. 
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tomb
tomb
[существительное]

an overground or underground grave that is large in size and is often made of stone

могила

могила

Ex: They placed flowers at the entrance of the tomb to honor their loved one. 
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column
column
[существительное]

a vertical structural element, often made of stone, that supports the weight of the building above it

колонна

колонна

Ex: The ancient Greek temples are known for their majestic columns. 
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structure
structure
[существительное]

anything that is built from several parts, such as a house, bridge, etc.

строение, структура

строение, структура

Ex: The Eiffel Tower in Paris is an iconic structure made of iron lattice. 
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renovation
renovation
[существительное]

the process or action of making a building or a piece of furniture look good again by repairing or painting it

обновление

обновление

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to construct
to construct
[глагол]

to build a house, bridge, machine, etc.

строить

строить

Ex: Engineers and construction workers collaborated to construct a sturdy and safe bridge. 
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concrete
concrete
[существительное]

a hard material used for building structures, made by mixing cement, water, sand, and small stones

бетон

бетон

Ex: The workers poured concrete to create a sturdy foundation for the house. 
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stairwell
stairwell
[существительное]

the area of a property where the stairs are located

лестничная клетка

лестничная клетка

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floor plan
floor plan
[существительное]

the design of a building that depicts the shape, size, and positioning of rooms and furniture in a structure from above.

план здания

план здания

Ex: The architect presented the floor plan for the new office building during the meeting. 
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exterior
exterior
[прилагательное]

located on the outer surface of a particular thing

внешний вид

внешний вид

Ex: They decided to repaint the exterior walls of the house to refresh its look. 
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interior
interior
[прилагательное]

located on the inside part of a particular thing

интерьер, внутренность

интерьер, внутренность

Ex: The interior walls of the house were painted in calming shades of blue and gray. 
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rooftop
rooftop
[существительное]

the external surface of a building roof

крыша

крыша

Ex: They had dinner on the rooftop, enjoying the city's skyline at night. 
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chimney
chimney
[существительное]

a channel or passage that lets the smoke from a fire pass through and get out from the roof of a building

труба

труба

Ex: Smoke rose from the chimney on the cold winter morning. 
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aisle
aisle
[существительное]

a narrow passage in a theater, train, aircraft, etc. that separates rows of seats

проход

проход

Ex: The flight attendant walked down the aisle of the airplane, serving refreshments to the passengers seated on either side. 
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decor
decor
[существительное]

the way a room or building's interior is decorated

декор

декор

Ex: The restaurant's vintage decor created a cozy and nostalgic atmosphere. 
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residential
residential
[прилагательное]

(of an area with buildings) designed specially for people to live in

жилой

жилой

Ex: The city zoning regulations prohibit commercial activities in residential areas. 
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spacious
spacious
[прилагательное]

(of a room, house, etc.) large with a lot of space inside

просторный

просторный

Ex: The spacious living room had high ceilings and ample natural light. 
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vacant
vacant
[прилагательное]

(of a house, room, seat, etc.) empty or unoccupied and available to be used

свободный

свободный

Ex: The vacant house at the end of the street had been abandoned for years. 
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abandoned
abandoned
[прилагательное]

(of a building, car, etc.) left and not needed or used anymore

заброшенный

заброшенный

Ex: The abandoned house was falling apart. 
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drain
drain
[существительное]

a pipe in the bottom of a sink, bath, etc. through which dirty water flows out

слив

слив

Ex: The plumber unclogged the drain in the kitchen sink, allowing water to flow freely again. 
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to collapse
to collapse
[глагол]

(of a construction) to fall down suddenly, particularly due to being damaged or weak

рушиться

рушиться

Ex: The old building collapsed after years of neglect and structural decay. 
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decorator
decorator
[существительное]

a person who plans and designs the interior of spaces by selecting colors, furniture, fabrics, and other decorative elements

обойщик

обойщик

Ex: The decorator chose a modern theme for the living room. 
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