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托福必备词汇 - 房屋与建筑

在这里,你将学习一些关于房屋和建筑的英语单词,如“地窖”、“棚屋”、“混凝土”等,这些都是托福考试所需要的。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
mansion
mansion
[名词]

a very large and impressive house

豪宅, 府邸

豪宅, 府邸

Ex: They were invited to a gala event hosted at a historic mansion in the countryside. 

他们被邀请参加在乡村一座历史悠久的豪宅中举办的晚会。

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lighthouse
lighthouse
[名词]

a large structure, such as a tower, placed near the coast and equipped with a powerful light that guides or warns the approaching ships

灯塔, 灯台

灯塔, 灯台

Ex: Standing tall on the rocky coastline, the lighthouse served as a beacon of hope for sailors. 

矗立在岩石海岸线上的灯塔,是水手们希望的灯塔。

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skyscraper
skyscraper
[名词]

a modern building that is very tall, often built in a city

摩天大楼, 塔

摩天大楼, 塔

Ex: He works in a skyscraper located in the financial district. 

他在位于金融区的一座摩天大楼里工作。

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warehouse
warehouse
[名词]

a large building where goods are stored before being sold, used, or distributed

仓库,  货栈

仓库, 货栈

Ex: Sarah works at a warehouse outside Chicago. 
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shelter
shelter
[名词]

a building, structure, or covered place that provides protection from weather, danger, or harm

庇护所,  避难所

庇护所, 避难所

Ex: Residents hurried to the underground shelter when the warning siren sounded. 
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cellar
cellar
[名词]

an underground storage space or room, typically found in a building, used for storing food, wine, or other items that require a cool and dark environment

地窖, 地下室

地窖, 地下室

Ex: The cellar was filled with dusty bottles and old wooden crates. 

地窖里堆满了布满灰尘的瓶子和旧木箱。

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landmark
landmark
[名词]

a structure or a place that is historically important

地标, 历史遗迹

地标, 历史遗迹

Ex: The Colosseum in Rome, once used for gladiator contests, remains a significant landmark from ancient times. 

罗马的斗兽场,曾经用于角斗士比赛,仍然是古代重要的地标。

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property
property
[名词]

a building or the piece of land surrounding it, owned by individuals, businesses, or entities

财产,  房地产

财产, 房地产

Ex: The deed and title documents confirm ownership of the property and its legal boundaries. 
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shed
shed
[名词]

a small simple building used for storing things, working in, or sheltering animals

棚,  小屋

棚, 小屋

Ex: Emma stored her bicycle in a small wooden shed. 
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tomb
tomb
[名词]

an overground or underground grave that is large in size and is often made of stone

坟墓, 陵墓

坟墓, 陵墓

Ex: They placed flowers at the entrance of the tomb to honor their loved one. 

他们在坟墓的入口处放置了鲜花以纪念他们所爱的人。

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column
column
[名词]

a vertical structural element, often made of stone, that supports the weight of the building above it

柱子, 支柱

柱子, 支柱

Ex: The museum's entrance was framed by towering columns, adding to its grandeur. 
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structure
structure
[名词]

anything that is built from several parts, such as a house, bridge, etc.

结构,  建筑物

结构, 建筑物

Ex: The ancient Roman aqueduct is an impressive structure that spans several kilometers. 
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renovation
renovation
[名词]

the process or action of making a building or a piece of furniture look good again by repairing or painting it

翻新, 装修

翻新, 装修

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to construct
to construct
[动词]

to build a house, bridge, machine, etc.

建造, 建设

建造, 建设

Ex: To improve transportation, the city decided to construct a new subway system. 
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concrete
concrete
[名词]

a hard building material made by mixing cement, sand, small stones, and water

混凝土,  水泥

混凝土, 水泥

Ex: Emma noticed several cracks in the concrete. 
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stairwell
stairwell
[名词]

the area of a property where the stairs are located

楼梯井, 楼梯区域

楼梯井, 楼梯区域

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floor plan
floor plan
[名词]

the design of a building that depicts the shape, size, and positioning of rooms and furniture in a structure from above.

平面图, 楼层平面图

平面图, 楼层平面图

Ex: Before starting construction, the builder carefully reviewed the floor plan to ensure everything was in place. 

在开始施工之前,建筑商仔细审查了平面图,以确保一切就位。

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exterior
exterior
[形容词]

located on the outer surface of a particular thing

外部的

外部的

Ex: The building’s exterior surfaces are designed to withstand extreme weather. 

建筑物的外部表面设计用于承受极端天气。

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interior
interior
[形容词]

located on the inside part of a particular thing

内部的, 室内的

内部的, 室内的

Ex: They inspected the interior compartments of the suitcase before packing. 
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rooftop
rooftop
[名词]

the external surface of a building roof

屋顶, 天台

屋顶, 天台

Ex: The rooftop garden provides fresh herbs and vegetables for the family. 

屋顶花园为家庭提供新鲜的香草和蔬菜。

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chimney
chimney
[名词]

a channel or passage that lets the smoke from a fire pass through and get out from the roof of a building

烟囱, 烟道

烟囱, 烟道

Ex: The bird built a nest inside the chimney. 

鸟儿在烟囱里筑了一个巢。

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aisle
aisle
[名词]

a narrow passage in a theater, train, aircraft, etc. that separates rows of seats

过道, 走廊

过道, 走廊

Ex: In the theater, he found his seat by walking down the aisle and maneuvering past several rows of occupied seats. 

在剧院里,他沿着过道走,绕过几排被占用的座位,找到了自己的座位。

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decor
decor
[名词]

the way a room or building's interior is decorated

装饰, 装潢

装饰, 装潢

Ex: The hotel's elegant decor impressed all the guests. 

酒店优雅的装饰给所有客人留下了深刻印象。

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residential
residential
[形容词]

(of an area with buildings) designed specially for people to live in

住宅的,  居住的

住宅的, 居住的

Ex: The residential neighborhood is characterized by tree-lined streets and single-family homes. 

住宅区的特点是绿树成荫的街道和独户住宅。

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spacious
spacious
[形容词]

(of a room, house, etc.) large with a lot of space inside

宽敞的, 宽阔的

宽敞的, 宽阔的

Ex: They enjoyed cooking in the spacious kitchen, with plenty of room for multiple people to work. 

他们喜欢在宽敞的厨房里做饭,有足够的空间让多人一起工作。

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vacant
vacant
[形容词]

(of a house, room, seat, etc.) empty or unoccupied and available to be used

空置的, 无人占用的

空置的, 无人占用的

Ex: He found a vacant spot on the beach to lay his towel. 
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abandoned
abandoned
[形容词]

(of a building, car, etc.) left and not needed or used anymore

废弃的, 被遗弃的

废弃的, 被遗弃的

Ex: They found an abandoned puppy on the street. 

他们在街上发现了一只被遗弃的小狗。

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drain
drain
[名词]

an opening in a sink, bathtub, or similar fixture through which water flows away

排水口,  下水道

排水口, 下水道

Ex: Daniel accidentally dropped his ring into the drain. 
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to collapse
to collapse
[动词]

(of a construction) to fall down suddenly, particularly due to being damaged or weak

倒塌, 坍塌

倒塌, 坍塌

Ex: The ancient tower collapsed under the weight of the snow. 
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decorator
decorator
[名词]

a person who plans and designs the interior of spaces by selecting colors, furniture, fabrics, and other decorative elements

装饰师, 室内设计师

装饰师, 室内设计师

Ex: She consulted a decorator to select colors and furnishings for the office. 

她咨询了一位装饰师来为办公室选择颜色和家具。

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