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TOEFL のための基本語彙 - 住宅と建物

TOEFL試験に必要な「地下室」「小屋」「コンクリート」など、家や建物に関する英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
mansion
[名詞]

a very large and impressive house

豪邸, マンション

豪邸, マンション

lighthouse
[名詞]

a large structure, such as a tower, placed near the coast and equipped with a powerful light that guides or warns the approaching ships

灯台, ライトハウス

灯台, ライトハウス

skyscraper
[名詞]

a modern building that is very tall, often built in a city

超高層ビル, スカイスクレーパー

超高層ビル, スカイスクレーパー

warehouse
[名詞]

a large place in which raw materials or produced goods are stored before they are sold or distributed

倉庫, ウェアハウス

倉庫, ウェアハウス

shelter
[名詞]

a place or building that is meant to provide protection against danger or bad weather

避難所 (ひなんじょ), シェルター

避難所 (ひなんじょ), シェルター

cellar
[名詞]

an underground storage space or room, typically found in a building, used for storing food, wine, or other items that require a cool and dark environment

地下室(ちかしつ), セラー

地下室(ちかしつ), セラー

landmark
[名詞]

a structure or a place that is historically important

史跡 (しせき), ランドマーク

史跡 (しせき), ランドマーク

property
[名詞]

a building or the piece of land surrounding it, owned by individuals, businesses, or entities

不動産 (ふどうさん), 物件 (ぶっけん)

不動産 (ふどうさん), 物件 (ぶっけん)

shed
[名詞]

a simple and small cottage-like building that is built to store things or shelter animals

小屋, 納屋

小屋, 納屋

tomb
[名詞]

an overground or underground grave that is large in size and is often made of stone

墓 (はか), 墓所 (ぼしょ)

墓 (はか), 墓所 (ぼしょ)

Ex: tomb was sealed to protect the remains inside from damage .
column
[名詞]

a vertical structural element, often made of stone, that supports the weight of the building above it

カラム, 柱

カラム, 柱

structure
[名詞]

anything that is built from several parts, such as a house, bridge, etc.

構造物 (こうぞうぶつ), 建造物 (けんぞうぶつ)

構造物 (こうぞうぶつ), 建造物 (けんぞうぶつ)

to construct
[動詞]

to build a house, bridge, machine, etc.

建設する, 構築する

建設する, 構築する

concrete
[名詞]

a hard material used for building structures, made by mixing cement, water, sand, and small stones

コンクリート, 生コンクリート

コンクリート, 生コンクリート

floor plan
[名詞]

the design of a building that depicts the shape, size, and positioning of rooms and furniture in a structure from above.

フロアプラン, 間取り図

フロアプラン, 間取り図

exterior
[形容詞]

located on the outer surface of a particular thing

外部の, 外側の

外部の, 外側の

interior
[形容詞]

located on the inside part of a particular thing

内部の, 内側の

内部の, 内側の

rooftop
[名詞]

the external surface of a building roof

屋上(おくじょう), ルーフトップ

屋上(おくじょう), ルーフトップ

chimney
[名詞]

a channel or passage that lets the smoke from a fire pass through and get out from the roof of a building

煙突(えんとつ), チムニー

煙突(えんとつ), チムニー

aisle
[名詞]

a narrow passage in a theater, train, aircraft, etc. that separates rows of seats

通路 (つうろ),  aisle (アイエル)

通路 (つうろ), aisle (アイエル)

Ex: Please keep aisle clear for safety reasons .
decor
[名詞]

the way a room or building's interior is decorated

装飾(そうしょく), デコレーション

装飾(そうしょく), デコレーション

residential
[形容詞]

(of an area with buildings) designed specially for people to live in

住宅用の, 居住用の

住宅用の, 居住用の

spacious
[形容詞]

(of a room, house, etc.) large with a lot of space inside

広々とした, 広い

広々とした, 広い

vacant
[形容詞]

(of a house, room, seat, etc.) empty or unoccupied and available to be used

空いている (あいている), 空室 (くうしつ)

空いている (あいている), 空室 (くうしつ)

abandoned
[形容詞]

(of a building, car, etc.) left and not needed or used anymore

放置された (ほうちされた), 見捨てられた (みすてられた)

放置された (ほうちされた), 見捨てられた (みすてられた)

Ex: abandoned suitcase lay in the empty station .
drain
[名詞]

a pipe in the bottom of a sink, bath, etc. through which dirty water flows out

排水口 (はいすいこう), ドレイン

排水口 (はいすいこう), ドレイン

to collapse
[動詞]

(of a construction) to fall down suddenly, particularly due to being damaged or weak

崩壊する, 倒壊する

崩壊する, 倒壊する

decorator
[名詞]

someone whose job is to paint the inside walls of buildings and hang wallpaper

内装業者, 装飾家

内装業者, 装飾家

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