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Необходимый Словарный Запас для TOEFL - Время и история

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова о времени и истории, такие как "век", "десятилетие", "вечность" и т.д., которые необходимы для экзамена TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
before Christ
before Christ
[наречие]

marking the years before Christ's supposed birth

до н.э.

до н.э.

Ex: The ancient civilization of Mesopotamia flourished around 3000 BC. 
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era
era
[существительное]

a period of history marked by particular features or events

эра

эра

Ex: The fall of the Berlin Wall marked the beginning of a new era in European politics. 
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millennium
millennium
[существительное]

a period of one thousand years, usually calculated from the year of the birth of Jesus Christ

тысячелетие

тысячелетие

Ex: Historians study events that occurred during the first millennium AD to understand ancient civilizations. 
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millennial
millennial
[прилагательное]

relating to a time span of a thousand years

тысячелетний

тысячелетний

Ex: The ancient ruins provide insights into millennial civilizations. 
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century
century
[существительное]

a period of one hundred years

век

век

Ex: Climate change is one of the most serious issues of this century. 
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decade
decade
[существительное]

ten years of time

десятилетие

десятилетие

Ex: It's been a decade since I last visited my hometown. 
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age
age
[существительное]

a period of history identified with a particular event

эпоха

эпоха

Ex: During the age of exploration, many new lands and trade routes were discovered. 
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chronological
chronological
[прилагательное]

organized according to the order that the events occurred in

хронологический

хронологический

Ex: The historical events were presented in chronological order. 
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eternity
eternity
[существительное]

time that is endless

вечность

вечность

Ex: Gazing up at the starry night sky, he felt as though he could get lost in the vastness of eternity. 
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eventual
eventual
[прилагательное]

happening at the end of a process or a particular period of time

окончательный

окончательный

Ex: After years of hard work and dedication, he finally achieved his eventual goal of becoming a successful entrepreneur. 
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annually
annually
[наречие]

in a way that happens once every year

ежегодно

ежегодно

Ex: The insurance premium is paid annually. 
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biannual
biannual
[прилагательное]

taking place twice a year

полугодовой

полугодовой

Ex: The company holds biannual meetings to review progress and set new goals. 
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indefinitely
indefinitely
[наречие]

for an unspecified period of time

бессрочно

бессрочно

Ex: The event has been postponed indefinitely due to unforeseen circumstances. 
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subsequently
subsequently
[наречие]

after a particular event or time

в дальнейшем

в дальнейшем

Ex: She moved to France and subsequently began studying art. 
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simultaneously
simultaneously
[наречие]

at exactly the same time

одновременно

одновременно

Ex: The two dancers performed different routines simultaneously on the stage. 
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beforehand
beforehand
[наречие]

at an earlier time

заранее

заранее

Ex: Guests must submit dietary requests beforehand. 
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frequently
frequently
[наречие]

regularly and with short time in between

зачастую

зачастую

Ex: He checks his email frequently throughout the day. 
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instantly
instantly
[наречие]

with no delay and at once

моментально

моментально

Ex: The digital transaction was completed instantly. 
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former
former
[прилагательное]

referring to the first of two things mentioned

бывший

бывший

Ex: After considering two internship offers, he decided to pursue the former opportunity as it offered more hands-on experience. 
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latter
latter
[прилагательное]

referring to the second of two things mentioned

последний

последний

Ex: n the debate between the two proposals, the latter argument was more compelling. 
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leap year
leap year
[существительное]

a year in every four years that has 366 days instead of 365

високосный год

високосный год

Ex: 2020 was a leap year, so it had 366 days instead of the usual 365. 
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seasonal
seasonal
[прилагательное]

typical or customary for a specific time of year

сезонный

сезонный

Ex: They enjoyed seasonal fruits and vegetables from the local farmer's market. 
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solstice
solstice
[существительное]

either of the two times of the year when the sun reaches its farthest or closest distance from the equator

солнцестояние

солнцестояние

Ex: The winter solstice marks the shortest day and longest night of the year, a time when darkness holds sway over the land and the world seems to stand still. 
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continual
continual
[прилагательное]

happening repeatedly or continuously in an annoying or problematic way

непрерывный

непрерывный

Ex: The continual noise from the construction site disrupted the neighborhood's peace. 
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daybreak
daybreak
[существительное]

the time in the very early morning when the first sunlight appears

рассвет

рассвет

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dusk
dusk
[существительное]

the time after sun sets that is not yet completely dark

закат

закат

Ex: As the sky turned a deep shade of orange, signaling the onset of dusk, the city's lights began to flicker on, casting a warm glow over the streets. 
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solar year
solar year
[существительное]

the time span in which earth orbits the sun

солнечный год

солнечный год

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lunar year
lunar year
[существительное]

a period of 12 lunar months (the time span between two new moons), which is around 354 days

лунный год

лунный год

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later on
later on
[наречие]

after the time mentioned or in the future

позже

позже

Ex: I'll finish the task later on, after I take a break. 
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prehistoric
prehistoric
[прилагательное]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

доисторический

доисторический

Ex: Archaeologists discovered prehistoric artifacts in the cave. 
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primitive
primitive
[прилагательное]

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

примитивный

примитивный

Ex: The cave paintings depict the life of primitive man. 
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civilization
civilization
[существительное]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

цивилизация

цивилизация

Ex: Ancient Egypt is considered one of the greatest civilizations in history. 
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historian
historian
[существительное]

someone who studies or records historical events

историк

историк

Ex: The historian spent years researching ancient Roman battles. 
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medieval
medieval
[прилагательное]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

средневековый

средневековый

Ex: The castle is a masterpiece of medieval architecture, complete with towers and battlements. 
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golden age
golden age
[существительное]

an idealized or imagined period of peace, prosperity, and happiness

золотой век

золотой век

Ex: The novel depicted a golden age of harmony in the kingdom. 
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archive
archive
[существительное]

a place or a collection of records or documents of historical importance

архив

архив

Ex: The library's archive contains rare manuscripts and historical documents dating back centuries. 
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origin
origin
[существительное]

the point or place where something has its foundation or beginning

происхождение

происхождение

Ex: The origin of the river is in the mountains to the north. 
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anno Domini
anno Domini
[наречие]

used to refer to a date that is after the birth of Jesus Christ

от Рождества Христова

от Рождества Христова

Ex: The ancient city was founded in 753 BC and later became a significant hub during the Roman Empire, enduring until AD 476. 
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monument
monument
[существительное]

a place or building that is historically important

памятник

памятник

Ex: The Eiffel Tower is a famous monument in Paris, attracting millions of tourists each year. 
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Common Era
Common Era
[наречие]

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

Н.Э.

Н.Э.

Ex: The fall of the Western Roman Empire occurred around 476 CE. 
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