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Vocabular Esențial pentru TOEFL - Timp și Istorie

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză despre timp și istorie, cum ar fi "secol", "deceniu", "eternitate" etc., care sunt necesare pentru examenul TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
before Christ

marking the years before Christ's supposed birth

înainte de Hristos

înainte de Hristos

Ex: The ancient civilization of Mesopotamia flourished around 3000 BC. 
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era
era
[substantiv]

a period of history marked by particular features or events

eră, epocă

eră, epocă

Ex: The fall of the Berlin Wall marked the beginning of a new era in European politics. 
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millennium
millennium
[substantiv]

a period of one thousand years, usually calculated from the year of the birth of Jesus Christ

mileniu, millennium

mileniu, millennium

Ex: Historians study events that occurred during the first millennium AD to understand ancient civilizations. 
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millennial
millennial
[adjectiv]

relating to a time span of a thousand years

milenar, referitor la un mileniu

milenar, referitor la un mileniu

Ex: The ancient ruins provide insights into millennial civilizations. 
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century
century
[substantiv]

a period of one hundred years

secol, veac

secol, veac

Ex: Climate change is one of the most serious issues of this century. 
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decade
decade
[substantiv]

ten years of time

deceniu

deceniu

Ex: It's been a decade since I last visited my hometown. 
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age
age
[substantiv]

a period of history identified with a particular event

epocă, eră

epocă, eră

Ex: During the age of exploration, many new lands and trade routes were discovered. 
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chronological
chronological
[adjectiv]

organized according to the order that the events occurred in

cronologic

cronologic

Ex: The historical events were presented in chronological order. 
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eternity
eternity
[substantiv]

time that is endless

eternitate, infinit

eternitate, infinit

Ex: Gazing up at the starry night sky, he felt as though he could get lost in the vastness of eternity. 
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eventual
eventual
[adjectiv]

happening at the end of a process or a particular period of time

final

final

Ex: After years of hard work and dedication, he finally achieved his eventual goal of becoming a successful entrepreneur. 
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annually
annually
[adverb]

in a way that happens once every year

anual, în fiecare an

anual, în fiecare an

Ex: The insurance premium is paid annually. 
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biannual
biannual
[adjectiv]

taking place twice a year

semestrial, de două ori pe an

semestrial, de două ori pe an

Ex: The company holds biannual meetings to review progress and set new goals. 
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indefinitely
indefinitely
[adverb]

for an unspecified period of time

nedefinit, pe o perioadă nedeterminată

nedefinit, pe o perioadă nedeterminată

Ex: The event has been postponed indefinitely due to unforeseen circumstances. 
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subsequently
subsequently
[adverb]

after a particular event or time

ulterior, apoi

ulterior, apoi

Ex: She moved to France and subsequently began studying art. 
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simultaneously

at exactly the same time

simultan, în același timp

simultan, în același timp

Ex: The two dancers performed different routines simultaneously on the stage. 
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beforehand
beforehand
[adverb]

at an earlier time

înainte, prealabil

înainte, prealabil

Ex: Guests must submit dietary requests beforehand. 
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frequently
frequently
[adverb]

regularly and with short time in between

frecvent, deseori

frecvent, deseori

Ex: He checks his email frequently throughout the day. 
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instantly
instantly
[adverb]

with no delay and at once

instantaneu, imediat

instantaneu, imediat

Ex: The digital transaction was completed instantly. 
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former
former
[adjectiv]

referring to the first of two things mentioned

primul, anterior

primul, anterior

Ex: After considering two internship offers, he decided to pursue the former opportunity as it offered more hands-on experience. 
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latter
latter
[adjectiv]

referring to the second of two things mentioned

ultimul, al doilea

ultimul, al doilea

Ex: n the debate between the two proposals, the latter argument was more compelling. 
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leap year
leap year
[substantiv]

a year in every four years that has 366 days instead of 365

an bisect, an intercalar

an bisect, an intercalar

Ex: 2020 was a leap year, so it had 366 days instead of the usual 365. 
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seasonal
seasonal
[adjectiv]

typical or customary for a specific time of year

sezonier, specific sezonului

sezonier, specific sezonului

Ex: They enjoyed seasonal fruits and vegetables from the local farmer's market. 
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solstice
solstice
[substantiv]

either of the two times of the year when the sun reaches its farthest or closest distance from the equator

solstițiu, punct solstițial

solstițiu, punct solstițial

Ex: The winter solstice marks the shortest day and longest night of the year, a time when darkness holds sway over the land and the world seems to stand still. 
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continual
continual
[adjectiv]

happening repeatedly or continuously in an annoying or problematic way

continuu, neîntrerupt

continuu, neîntrerupt

Ex: The continual noise from the construction site disrupted the neighborhood's peace. 
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daybreak
daybreak
[substantiv]

the time in the very early morning when the first sunlight appears

zori, răsărit

zori, răsărit

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dusk
dusk
[substantiv]

the time after sun sets that is not yet completely dark

amurg, crepuscul

amurg, crepuscul

Ex: As the sky turned a deep shade of orange, signaling the onset of dusk, the city's lights began to flicker on, casting a warm glow over the streets. 
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solar year
solar year
[substantiv]

the time span in which earth orbits the sun

an solar, an tropical

an solar, an tropical

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lunar year
lunar year
[substantiv]

a period of 12 lunar months (the time span between two new moons), which is around 354 days

an lunar, an sinodic

an lunar, an sinodic

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later on
later on
[adverb]

after the time mentioned or in the future

mai târziu, în viitor

mai târziu, în viitor

Ex: I'll finish the task later on, after I take a break. 
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prehistoric
prehistoric
[adjectiv]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

preistoric, antepopor

preistoric, antepopor

Ex: Archaeologists discovered prehistoric artifacts in the cave. 
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primitive
primitive
[adjectiv]

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

primitiv, arhaic

primitiv, arhaic

Ex: The cave paintings depict the life of primitive man. 
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civilization
civilization
[substantiv]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

civilizație, societate

civilizație, societate

Ex: Ancient Egypt is considered one of the greatest civilizations in history. 
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historian
historian
[substantiv]

someone who studies or records historical events

istoric, istoriograf

istoric, istoriograf

Ex: The historian spent years researching ancient Roman battles. 
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medieval
medieval
[adjectiv]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

medieval, aparținând Evului Mediu

medieval, aparținând Evului Mediu

Ex: The castle is a masterpiece of medieval architecture, complete with towers and battlements. 
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golden age
golden age
[substantiv]

an idealized or imagined period of peace, prosperity, and happiness

epoca de aur, vârsta de aur

epoca de aur, vârsta de aur

Ex: The novel depicted a golden age of harmony in the kingdom. 
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archive
archive
[substantiv]

a place or a collection of records or documents of historical importance

arhivă, depozit de documente istorice

arhivă, depozit de documente istorice

Ex: The library's archive contains rare manuscripts and historical documents dating back centuries. 
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origin
origin
[substantiv]

the point or place where something has its foundation or beginning

origine, sursă

origine, sursă

Ex: The origin of the river is in the mountains to the north. 
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anno Domini
anno Domini
[adverb]

used to refer to a date that is after the birth of Jesus Christ

după Hristos, d.Hr.

după Hristos, d.Hr.

Ex: The ancient city was founded in 753 BC and later became a significant hub during the Roman Empire, enduring until AD 476. 
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monument
monument
[substantiv]

a place or building that is historically important

monument

monument

Ex: The Eiffel Tower is a famous monument in Paris, attracting millions of tourists each year. 
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Common Era
Common Era
[adverb]

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

era noastră, după Hristos

era noastră, după Hristos

Ex: The fall of the Western Roman Empire occurred around 476 CE. 
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