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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Oras at Kasaysayan

Dito matututo ka ng ilang salitang Ingles tungkol sa oras at kasaysayan, tulad ng "siglo", "dekada", "kawalang-hanggan", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na TOEFL.

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Flashcards

Pagbaybay

Pagsusulit

Simulan ang pag-aaral
Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
before Christ
before Christ
[pang-abay]

marking the years before Christ's supposed birth

bago si Kristo

bago si Kristo

Ex: The ancient civilization of Mesopotamia flourished around 3000 BC. 
era
era
[Pangngalan]

a period of history characterized by particular events, developments, or features

Ex: The discovery marked the beginning of a new era in medicine. 
millennium
millennium
[Pangngalan]

a period of one thousand years, usually calculated from the year of the birth of Jesus Christ

milenyum, sanlibong taon

milenyum, sanlibong taon

Ex: The medieval cathedral took nearly a millennium to complete, showcasing exquisite craftsmanship. 

Ang medyebal na katedral ay tumagal ng halos isang milenyum upang makumpleto, na nagpapakita ng napakahusay na paggawa.

millennial
millennial
[pang-uri]

relating to a time span of a thousand years

milenaryo, kaugnay ng isang milenyo

milenaryo, kaugnay ng isang milenyo

Ex: The ancient ruins provide insights into millennial civilizations. 

Ang sinaunang mga guho ay nagbibigay ng mga pananaw sa mga sibilisasyong milenaryo.

century
century
[Pangngalan]

a period of one hundred years

siglo, daang taon

siglo, daang taon

Ex: This ancient artifact dates back to the 7th century. 
decade
decade
[Pangngalan]

ten years of time

dekada

dekada

Ex: The technology has evolved significantly in the last decade. 
age
age
[Pangngalan]

a period of history identified with a particular event

panahon, kapanahunan

panahon, kapanahunan

Ex: The age of agriculture saw the development of farming techniques and settlement growth. 
chronological
chronological
[pang-uri]

organized according to the order that the events occurred in

kronolohikal

kronolohikal

Ex: The historical events were presented in chronological order. 

Ang mga makasaysayang pangyayari ay ipinakita sa kronolohikal na pagkakasunud-sunod.

eternity
eternity
[Pangngalan]

time that is endless

kawalang-hanggan, walang hanggan

kawalang-hanggan, walang hanggan

Ex: Gazing up at the starry night sky, he felt as though he could get lost in the vastness of eternity. 
eventual
eventual
[pang-uri]

happening at the end of a process or a particular period of time

panghuli

panghuli

Ex: After years of hard work and dedication, he finally achieved his eventual goal of becoming a successful entrepreneur. 
annually
annually
[pang-abay]

in a way that happens once every year

taun-taon, bawat taon

taun-taon, bawat taon

Ex: The insurance premium is paid annually. 

Ang premium ng seguro ay binabayaran taun-taon.

biannual
biannual
[pang-uri]

taking place twice a year

semestral, dalawang beses sa isang taon

semestral, dalawang beses sa isang taon

Ex: The company holds biannual meetings to review progress and set new goals. 

Ang kumpanya ay nagdaraos ng mga pulong dalawang beses sa isang taon upang suriin ang pag-unlad at magtakda ng mga bagong layunin.

indefinitely
indefinitely
[pang-abay]

for an unspecified period of time

nang walang katiyakan, sa isang hindi tiyak na panahon

nang walang katiyakan, sa isang hindi tiyak na panahon

Ex: The event has been postponed indefinitely due to unforeseen circumstances. 

Ang kaganapan ay ipinagpaliban nang walang katiyakan dahil sa mga hindi inaasahang pangyayari.

subsequently
subsequently
[pang-abay]

after a particular event or time

pagkatapos, sumunod

pagkatapos, sumunod

Ex: She moved to France and subsequently began studying art. 

Lumipat siya sa Pransya at pagkatapos ay nagsimulang mag-aral ng sining.

simultaneously
simultaneously
[pang-abay]

at exactly the same time

sabay-sabay, nang magkasabay

sabay-sabay, nang magkasabay

Ex: The two dancers performed different routines simultaneously on the stage. 

Ang dalawang mananayaw ay nagsagawa ng iba't ibang routine nang sabay-sabay sa entablado.

beforehand
beforehand
[pang-abay]

at an earlier time

nang una, bago pa

nang una, bago pa

Ex: Guests must submit dietary requests beforehand. 

Ang mga bisita ay dapat magsumite ng mga kahilingan sa diyeta nang maaga.

frequently
frequently
[pang-abay]

regularly and with short time in between

madalas, palagi

madalas, palagi

Ex: He checks his email frequently throughout the day. 

Sinusuri niya ang kanyang email nang madalas sa buong araw.

instantly
instantly
[pang-abay]

with no delay and at once

agad-agad, kaagad

agad-agad, kaagad

Ex: The digital transaction was completed instantly. 

Ang digital na transaksyon ay nakumpleto agad-agad.

former
former
[pang-uri]

referring to the first of two things mentioned

una, nauna

una, nauna

Ex: After evaluating two investment strategies, they opted for the former approach as it promised more consistent returns. 
latter
latter
[pang-uri]

referring to the second of two things mentioned

huli, pangalawa

huli, pangalawa

Ex: Of the two holiday destinations, we decided to visit the latter one due to its proximity to the beach. 
leap year
leap year
[Pangngalan]

a year in every four years that has 366 days instead of 365

taong bisyesto, taong may dagdag na araw

taong bisyesto, taong may dagdag na araw

Ex: 2020 was a leap year, so it had 366 days instead of the usual 365. 
seasonal
seasonal
[pang-uri]

typical or customary for a specific time of year

pana-panahon, karaniwan sa panahon

pana-panahon, karaniwan sa panahon

Ex: The clothing store stocked up on seasonal winter coats and scarves. 

Ang tindahan ng damit ay nag-stock ng mga panahon na winter coats at scarves.

solstice
solstice
[Pangngalan]

either of the two times of the year when the sun reaches its farthest or closest distance from the equator

solstisyo, punto ng solstisyo

solstisyo, punto ng solstisyo

Ex: The winter solstice marks the shortest day and longest night of the year, a time when darkness holds sway over the land and the world seems to stand still. 
continual
continual
[pang-uri]

happening repeatedly or continuously in an annoying or problematic way

patuloy, walang tigil

patuloy, walang tigil

Ex: The continual noise from the construction site disrupted the neighborhood's peace. 

Ang patuloy na ingay mula sa construction site ay nakagambala sa kapayapaan ng neighborhood.

daybreak
daybreak
[Pangngalan]

the time in the very early morning when the first sunlight appears

bukang-liwayway, madaling-araw

bukang-liwayway, madaling-araw

dusk
dusk
[Pangngalan]

the time after sun sets that is not yet completely dark

takipsilim, dapit-hapon

takipsilim, dapit-hapon

Ex: As the sky turned a deep shade of orange, signaling the onset of dusk, the city's lights began to flicker on, casting a warm glow over the streets. 

Habang ang langit ay naging malalim na kulay kahel, na nagpapahiwatig ng pagsisimula ng dusk, ang mga ilaw ng lungsod ay nagsimulang kumutitap, nagbibigay ng mainit na liwanag sa mga kalye.

solar year
solar year
[Pangngalan]

the time span in which earth orbits the sun

solar na taon, tropikal na taon

solar na taon, tropikal na taon

lunar year
lunar year
[Pangngalan]

a period of 12 lunar months (the time span between two new moons), which is around 354 days

taong lunar, taong sinodiko

taong lunar, taong sinodiko

later on
later on
[pang-abay]

after the time mentioned or in the future

mamaya, sa hinaharap

mamaya, sa hinaharap

Ex: I'll finish the task later on, after I take a break. 

Tatapusin ko ang gawain mamaya, pagkatapos kong magpahinga.

prehistoric
prehistoric
[pang-uri]

relating or belonging to the time before history was recorded

prehistoriko, panahon bago ang kasaysayan

prehistoriko, panahon bago ang kasaysayan

Ex: Archaeologists discovered prehistoric artifacts in the cave. 

Natuklasan ng mga arkeologo ang mga artifact na prehistoriko sa kuweba.

primitive
primitive
[pang-uri]

belonging to an early stage in the evolutionary development of humans or animals

primitibo, sinauna

primitibo, sinauna

Ex: Primitive humans relied on simple tools for hunting and survival. 
civilization
civilization
[Pangngalan]

a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

sibilisasyon, lipunan

sibilisasyon, lipunan

Ex: Ancient Egypt is considered one of the greatest civilizations in history. 

Ang sinaunang Ehipto ay itinuturing na isa sa pinakadakilang sibilisasyon sa kasaysayan.

historian
historian
[Pangngalan]

a person who studies, researches, or writes about history

mananalaysay,  historyador

mananalaysay, historyador

Ex: Emma is a historian specializing in medieval Europe. 
medieval
medieval
[pang-uri]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

medyebal, ng Panahong Medyebal

medyebal, ng Panahong Medyebal

Ex: His novel is set in a medieval village, capturing the lifestyle and beliefs of that time. 

Ang kanyang nobela ay nakatakda sa isang medyebal na nayon, na kinukunan ang pamumuhay at paniniwala ng panahong iyon.

golden age
golden age
[Pangngalan]

an idealized or imagined period of peace, prosperity, and happiness

gintong panahon, gintong edad

gintong panahon, gintong edad

Ex: The novel depicted a golden age of harmony in the kingdom. 

Inilarawan ng nobela ang isang gintong panahon ng pagkakasundo sa kaharian.

archive
archive
[Pangngalan]

a collection of records or documents preserved for their historical value, or the place where such materials are kept

archive,  mga archive

archive, mga archive

Ex: The university archive contains letters written by former students. 
origin
origin
[Pangngalan]

the point or place where something has its foundation or beginning

pinagmulan, pinagkukunan

pinagmulan, pinagkukunan

Ex: The origin of the conflict is often debated by historians. 
anno Domini
anno Domini
[pang-abay]

used to refer to a date that is after the birth of Jesus Christ

Anno Domini, AD

Anno Domini, AD

Ex: The ancient city was founded in 753 BC and later became a significant hub during the Roman Empire, enduring until AD 476. 
monument
monument
[Pangngalan]

an old building, structure, or site preserved or valued for its historical importance

Ex: The castle is one of the region's most important historical monuments. 
Common Era
Common Era
[pang-abay]

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

karaniwang panahon, pagkatapos ni Kristo

karaniwang panahon, pagkatapos ni Kristo

Ex: The fall of the Western Roman Empire occurred around 476 CE. 
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