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C2 Level Wordlist - Disaster and Pollution

Here you will learn all the essential words for talking about Disasters and Pollution, collected specifically for level C2 learners.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
calamity
calamity
[noun]

an event causing great and often sudden damage, distress, or destruction

Ex: The dam 's failure resulted in a calamity, with a massive flood sweeping through the downstream areas .
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cataclysm
cataclysm
[noun]

a sudden, violent natural disaster that drastically alters the earth's landscape

Ex: Landslides and rock avalanches are examples of relatively common terrestrial cataclysms that can develop with little warning .
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ravage
ravage
[noun]

action that breeds severe damage or destruction

Ex: The invasive species caused the ravage of local ecosystems , impacting native flora and fauna .
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conflagration

an extremely intense and destructive fire

Ex: The museum 's archives were tragically lost in the conflagration, erasing invaluable historical documents and artifacts .
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scourge
scourge
[noun]

a cause of widespread suffering or affliction

Ex: Tsunamis are a natural scourge for coastal populations , causing immense destruction with their powerful waves .
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aftershock

a smaller earthquake or tremor that follows the main shock of a seismic event

Ex: Residents experienced anxiety as aftershocks continued to shake the area , prompting some to seek temporary shelter .
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temblor
temblor
[noun]

an earthquake caused by underground movement or volcanic activity

Ex: The school conducted earthquake drills to ensure students knew what to do in the event of a temblor.
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deluge
deluge
[noun]

a sudden and heavy rainfall

Ex: The weather forecast warned of an approaching deluge, urging residents to prepare for potential flooding and power outages .
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salvage
salvage
[noun]

the action of rescuing a ship, its crew, or its cargo from a shipwreck, fire, or similar disaster

Ex: The navy specializes in the salvage of damaged military vessels .
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epicenter
epicenter
[noun]

the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly

Ex: During the pandemic , the city became the epicenter of the outbreak , with hospitals struggling to manage the influx of patients .
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waterspout

a tornado occurring over a body of water, characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud filled with water droplets or spray

Ex: Residents along the waterfront observed a waterspout moving towards the shore , causing momentary concern .
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incinerator

a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of substances contained in waste materials

Ex: The incinerator in the power plant contributes to electricity generation by burning coal and other combustible materials .
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biohazard
biohazard
[noun]

a risk to human health or to the environment caused by a biological source, especially microorganisms

Ex: Biohazard warning signs were posted around the contaminated area to alert people of the potential danger from biological sources .
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sludge
sludge
[noun]

the semi-solid residue produced during sewage or wastewater treatment

Ex: The facility processes tons of sludge daily .
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soot
soot
[noun]

a black powdery substance produced by burning materials like wood or coal

Ex: Historic buildings may undergo periodic cleaning to remove accumulated soot from their facades .
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effluent
effluent
[noun]

liquid waste or sewage discharged into rivers, lakes, or the sea

Ex: The effluent from agricultural fields , rich in fertilizers and pesticides , often finds its way into nearby streams , causing pollution and ecosystem imbalances .
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detritus
detritus
[noun]

waste or debris produced by the disintegration or decomposition of organic or inorganic matter

Ex: Cleanup efforts focused on removing detritus from the riverbanks to restore the natural habitat .
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hazmat suit

a protective garment worn by workers to safeguard against exposure to hazardous substances or environments

Ex: Cleanup crews in hazmat suits worked diligently to decontaminate the site after the chemical spill , ensuring no traces of the hazardous material remained .
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fallout
fallout
[noun]

airborne particles, such as dust or debris, that settle after a nuclear explosion or similar event

Ex: The military conducted studies on the behavior of fallout particles to better understand their dispersion .
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aerosol
aerosol
[noun]

a suspension of fine solid or liquid particles dispersed in a gas

Ex: Aerosols from industrial emissions can travel long distances .
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particulate

a small, discrete particle or substance, especially one suspended in air, such as dust, pollen, or soot

Ex: The industrial process includes filters to trap particulates before releasing exhaust into the environment .
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catalytic converter

a device in a vehicle's exhaust system that reduces the emission of harmful pollutants by promoting chemical reactions that convert them into less harmful substances

Ex: Hybrid vehicles often use advanced catalytic converters to further minimize their environmental impact .
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unleaded
unleaded
[Adjective]

not containing lead

Ex: Many countries have phased out leaded fuel in favor of unleaded.
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