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GRE必备词汇 - 你来算算看!

在这里,您将学习一些关于数学的英语单词,如“轴”、“全等”、“矩阵”等,这些是GRE考试所需要的。

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
arithmetic
[名词]

a branch of mathematics that deals with addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

算术

算术

Ex: He struggled with arithmetic in elementary school but improved with extra practice.他在小学时苦苦挣扎于**算术**,但通过额外的练习有所提高。
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asymmetry
[名词]

(geometry) a lack of symmetry or equivalence in shape or size between the two sides or parts of something

不对称

不对称

Ex: Studying asymmetry helps in understanding how shapes differ from being perfectly symmetrical .研究**不对称性**有助于理解形状如何与完美对称不同。
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axis
[名词]

a real or imaginary line about which an object rotates

轴, 旋转线

轴, 旋转线

Ex: The machine 's parts turn around a specific axis for smooth operation .机器的部件围绕特定的**轴**旋转以实现平稳运行。
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calculus
[名词]

the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals

微积分, 分析

微积分, 分析

Ex: Differential equations are a key topic within calculus.微分方程是**微积分**中的一个关键主题。
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chaos theory
[名词]

(mathematics) an interdisciplinary theory about complex systems that obey particular laws but appear to have little or no order

混沌理论, 混沌學

混沌理论, 混沌學

Ex: Chaos theory is used to analyze complex systems like ecosystems and population dynamics .**混沌理论**用于分析生态系统和人口动态等复杂系统。
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congruent
[形容词]

(in geometry) describing shapes of the same size and form

全等, 一致的

全等, 一致的

Ex: The two triangles are congruent because they have the same shape and size.这两个三角形是**全等的**,因为它们具有相同的形状和大小。
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decimal
[名词]

(mathematics) a number less than one, called a fraction, that is represented as a period followed by the number of tenths, hundredths, etc.

小数, 十进制数

小数, 十进制数

Ex: Understanding decimal places is essential when dealing with percentages and financial figures in business contexts.在商业环境中处理百分比和财务数字时,理解**小数**是必不可少的。
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game theory
[名词]

a branch of mathematics that studies the strategies of dealing with competitive situations involving conflict of interests, especially in business, war, etc.

博弈论, 游戏理论

博弈论, 游戏理论

Ex: Economists apply game theory to predict market behavior .经济学家应用**博弈论**来预测市场行为。
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matrix
[名词]

a rectangular array of numbers or symbols organized in rows and columns, commonly used in linear algebra for representing equations, transformations, and vector operations

矩阵, 表格

矩阵, 表格

Ex: Matrix addition and subtraction are performed element-wise , combining corresponding elements of two matrices.**矩阵**的加法和减法是按元素进行的,结合两个矩阵的相应元素。
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trigonometry
[名词]

a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles

三角学, 三角学分支

三角学, 三角学分支

Ex: Trigonometry plays a key role in fields such as physics , engineering , and computer science , where understanding angles and periodic functions is essential .**三角学**在物理学、工程和计算机科学等领域起着关键作用,其中理解角度和周期函数是必不可少的。
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radius
[名词]

the length of a straight line drawn from the center of a circle to any point on its outer boundary

半径, 半直径

半径, 半直径

Ex: The radius of a planet determines its gravitational influence and orbital characteristics within a solar system .行星的**半径**决定了其在太阳系内的引力影响和轨道特性。
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parabola
[名词]

(geometry) a symmetrical open curve that is similar to the path of an object thrown into the air passes till it falls back to earth

抛物线, 抛物曲线

抛物线, 抛物曲线

Ex: The quadratic function ’s graph is always a parabola.二次函数的图形总是一个**抛物线**。
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gradient
[名词]

the rate at which a quantity or dimension changes over a given distance or interval

梯度, 坡度

梯度, 坡度

Ex: The gradient of the city 's elevation was marked on the map .城市海拔的**梯度**在地图上被标出。
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equation
[名词]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

方程

方程

Ex: Economists analyze supply and demand equations to forecast market trends and price changes .经济学家分析供需**方程**以预测市场趋势和价格变化。
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(geometry) the length of the external boundary of a curved shape, especially a circle

周长

周长

Ex: The mathematician used the circumference to solve the geometry problem .数学家使用**周长**来解决几何问题。
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mean
[名词]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

平均数, 算术平均数

平均数, 算术平均数

Ex: The mean of the test results was used to assess overall student achievement .测试结果的**平均值**被用来评估学生的整体成绩。
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diameter
[名词]

a straight line from one side of a round object, particularly a circle, passing through the center and joining the other side

直径, 直径

直径, 直径

Ex: The technician used a caliper to determine the diameter of the bearings needed for the machinery repair .技术员使用卡尺来确定机械维修所需的轴承的**直径**。
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coaxial
[形容词]

related to a configuration where two or more components share a common axis or same center point

同轴的, 共轴的

同轴的, 共轴的

Ex: In the coaxial system , the inner and outer conductors share the same center .在**同轴**系统中,内导体和外导体共享同一个中心。
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chronograph
[名词]

a device used to measure and record precise time intervals

计时器, 时间测量仪

计时器, 时间测量仪

Ex: During the race , the chronograph recorded each split time .在比赛期间,**计时码表**记录了每个分段的时间。
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to overhaul
[动词]

to examine, repair, and make significant improvements or changes to something

彻底检查, 大修

彻底检查, 大修

Ex: The airline plans to overhaul its fleet , ensuring all planes meet the latest safety standards .该航空公司计划**检修**其机队,确保所有飞机都符合最新的安全标准。
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ohmmeter
[名词]

a device used for measuring electrical resistance in a circuit, stated in ohms

欧姆表, 电阻测量仪

欧姆表, 电阻测量仪

Ex: An ohmmeter can help diagnose electrical issues by measuring resistance .**欧姆表**可以通过测量电阻来帮助诊断电气问题。
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microchip
[名词]

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

微芯片, 芯片

微芯片, 芯片

Ex: The new microchip design promises faster processing speeds .新的**微芯片**设计承诺更快的处理速度。
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lever
[名词]

a long rigid bar that is put under a heavy object in order to move it

杠杆, 撬棍

杠杆, 撬棍

Ex: With the help of a lever, they managed to pry open the stuck door .借助**杠杆**,他们设法撬开了卡住的门。
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insulator
[名词]

a substance that doesn't conduct heat, sound, etc.

绝缘体, 隔热材料

绝缘体, 隔热材料

Ex: Ceramic materials are often used as insulators in high-voltage equipment .陶瓷材料常被用作高压设备中的**绝缘体**。
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crank
[名词]

a device that allows movement between mechanical parts of a machine or converts backward and forward motion into circular movement

曲柄, 曲轴

曲柄, 曲轴

Ex: The crankshaft is a critical component in internal combustion engines, converting linear piston motion into rotational motion to drive the vehicle.**曲轴**是内燃机中的关键部件,将活塞的线性运动转换为旋转运动以驱动车辆。
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cardinal
[名词]

(mathematics) the number of elements or members in a set, representing its size or quantity

基数, 集合的势

基数, 集合的势

Ex: The cardinal of a set with repeated elements is still the total number of elements .具有重复元素的集合的**基数**仍然是元素的总数。
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to cube
[动词]

to multiply a value or number by itself two times

立方, 三次方

立方, 三次方

Ex: Cubing helps determine the volume of cubic shapes and solve certain mathematical problems .**立方**有助于确定立方体的体积并解决某些数学问题。
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a branch of mathematics that focuses on studying rates of change and instantaneous variations through the concept of derivatives

微分学

微分学

Ex: Differential calculus is useful for understanding changing rates , like in weather patterns .**微分学**有助于理解变化率,如天气模式中的变化率。
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logarithm
[名词]

a mathematical function that represents the exponent to which a fixed number, called the base, must be raised to produce a given number

对数

对数

Ex: Astronomers apply logarithms to express stellar magnitudes and measure the brightness of celestial objects .天文学家应用**对数**来表示星等和测量天体的亮度。
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ordinal
[名词]

a number that indicates the position of something in a sequence, such as third, second, etc.

序数, 顺序数

序数, 顺序数

Ex: Mathematics often uses ordinals to denote the positions in ordered sets or sequences , distinguishing each item by its rank .数学中常用**序数**来表示有序集合或序列中的位置,通过其等级来区分每个项目。
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power
[名词]

(mathematics) the exponent in an expression, indicating how many times a base is multiplied by itself

幂

Ex: Raising a base to a power means multiplying the base by itself that many times .将基数提高到**幂**意味着将基数乘以自身多次。
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spectrum
[名词]

the range of different wavelengths or frequencies of light or radiation

光谱, 范围

光谱, 范围

Ex: They used a prism to separate white light into its spectrum.他们使用棱镜将白光分离成其**光谱**。
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