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Essential Vocabulary for the GRE - You DO the Math!

Here you will learn some English words about math, such as "axis", "congruent", "matrix", etc. that are needed for the GRE exam.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
arithmetic

a branch of mathematics that deals with addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

Ex: Students in elementary school learn basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. 
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asymmetry
asymmetry
[noun]

(geometry) a lack of symmetry or equivalence in shape or size between the two sides or parts of something

Ex: In geometry, asymmetry means the two sides are not identical. 
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axis
axis
[noun]

the central point or line around which an object turns

Ex: The Earth spins on its axis once every twenty-four hours. 
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calculus
calculus
[noun]

the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals

Ex: Calculus is used to find the area under a curve. 
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chaos theory

(mathematics) an interdisciplinary theory about complex systems that obey particular laws but appear to have little or no order

Ex: Chaos theory explains how small changes can lead to huge differences in complex systems. 
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congruent
congruent
[Adjective]

(in geometry) describing shapes of the same size and form

Ex: If you fold the paper along the crease, the two halves are congruent. 
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decimal
decimal
[noun]

(mathematics) a number less than one, called a fraction, that is represented as a period followed by the number of tenths, hundredths, etc.

Ex: In mathematics, decimals are a way to represent fractions or portions of a whole using a decimal point. 
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game theory

a branch of mathematics that studies the strategies of dealing with competitive situations involving conflict of interests, especially in business, war, etc.

Ex: Game theory helps businesses decide on the best pricing strategies. 
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matrix
matrix
[noun]

a rectangular array of numbers or symbols organized in rows and columns, commonly used in linear algebra for representing equations, transformations, and vector operations

Ex: A 2x3 matrix represents a collection of numbers organized in two rows and three columns. 
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trigonometry

a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles

Ex: In trigonometry, the sine function (sin) relates the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the hypotenuse in a right-angled triangle. 
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radius
radius
[noun]

the length of a straight line drawn from the center of a circle to any point on its outer boundary

Ex: The radius of a circle is half the length of its diameter, extending from the center to any point on the circumference. 
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parabola
parabola
[noun]

(geometry) a symmetrical open curve that is similar to the path of an object thrown into the air passes till it falls back to earth

Ex: The path of a thrown ball forms a parabola. 
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gradient
gradient
[noun]

the rate at which a quantity or dimension changes over a given distance or interval

Ex: The gradient of the river’s flow affects its speed. 
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equation
equation
[noun]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

Ex: In algebra, solving equations involves finding the values of variables that satisfy the equality stated. 
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circumference

(geometry) the length of the external boundary of a curved shape, especially a circle

Ex: The formula for finding the circumference of a sphere involves multiplying the diameter by π (pi). 
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mean
mean
[noun]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

Ex: To find the mean of 4, 6, and 8, add them together and divide by 3. 
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diameter
diameter
[noun]

a straight line from one side of a round object, particularly a circle, passing through the center and joining the other side

Ex: The diameter of a circle is the longest distance between any two points on its circumference, passing through the center. 
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coaxial
coaxial
[Adjective]

related to a configuration where two or more components share a common axis or same center point

Ex: The machine parts are aligned in a coaxial arrangement. 
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chronograph

a device used to measure and record precise time intervals

Ex: He used the chronograph to time his running laps. 
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to overhaul

to examine, repair, and make significant improvements or changes to something

Ex: The company decided to overhaul its outdated website, introducing a new design and features. 
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ohmmeter
ohmmeter
[noun]

a device used for measuring electrical resistance in a circuit, stated in ohms

Ex: He used an ohmmeter to check the resistance of the circuit. 
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microchip
microchip
[noun]

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

Ex: The computer’s performance improved after upgrading its microchip. 
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lever
lever
[noun]

a long rigid bar that is put under a heavy object in order to move it

Ex: He used a lever to lift the heavy rock from the ground. 
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insulator
insulator
[noun]

a substance that doesn't conduct heat, sound, etc.

Ex: The walls were lined with an insulator to keep the room warm. 
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crank
crank
[noun]

a device that allows movement between mechanical parts of a machine or converts backward and forward motion into circular movement

Ex: The engineer used a crank to manually adjust the height of the lifting mechanism. 
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cardinal
cardinal
[noun]

(mathematics) the number of elements or members in a set, representing its size or quantity

Ex: The cardinal of the set {1, 2, 3} is 3. 
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to cube
to cube
[Verb]

to multiply a value or number by itself two times

Ex: Cubing 2 gives you 2 × 2 × 2 = 8. 
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differential calculus

a branch of mathematics that focuses on studying rates of change and instantaneous variations through the concept of derivatives

Ex: Differential calculus helps us find how quickly something changes. 
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logarithm
logarithm
[noun]

a mathematical function that represents the exponent to which a fixed number, called the base, must be raised to produce a given number

Ex: In the logarithm log₂(8) = 3, the base 2 raised to the power of 3 equals 8. 
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ordinal
ordinal
[noun]

a number that indicates the position of something in a sequence, such as third, second, etc.

Ex: In a race, the runner who finishes in first place is said to be the winner of the first ordinal. 
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power
power
[noun]

(mathematics) the exponent in an expression, indicating how many times a base is multiplied by itself

Ex: In the expression 3^4, the power is 4. 
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spectrum
spectrum
[noun]

the range of different wavelengths or frequencies of light or radiation

Ex: The scientist studied the spectrum of visible light emitted by the star. 
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