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Essential Vocabulary for the GRE - You DO the Math!

Here you will learn some English words about math, such as "axis", "congruent", "matrix", etc. that are needed for the GRE exam.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
arithmetic

a branch of mathematics that deals with addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

Ex: He struggled with arithmetic in elementary school but improved with extra practice.
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asymmetry
asymmetry
[noun]

(geometry) a lack of symmetry or equivalence in shape or size between the two sides or parts of something

Ex: Studying asymmetry helps in understanding how shapes differ from being perfectly symmetrical .
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axis
axis
[noun]

the central point or line around which an object turns

Ex: The sculpture slowly revolved on its central axis.
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calculus
calculus
[noun]

the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals

Ex: Differential equations are a key topic within calculus.
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chaos theory

(mathematics) an interdisciplinary theory about complex systems that obey particular laws but appear to have little or no order

Ex: Chaos theory is used to analyze complex systems like ecosystems and population dynamics .
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congruent
congruent
[Adjective]

(in geometry) describing shapes of the same size and form

Ex: The two triangles are congruent because they have the same shape and size.
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decimal
decimal
[noun]

(mathematics) a number less than one, called a fraction, that is represented as a period followed by the number of tenths, hundredths, etc.

Ex: Understanding decimal places is essential when dealing with percentages and financial figures in business contexts.
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game theory

a branch of mathematics that studies the strategies of dealing with competitive situations involving conflict of interests, especially in business, war, etc.

Ex: Economists apply game theory to predict market behavior .
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matrix
matrix
[noun]

a rectangular array of numbers or symbols organized in rows and columns, commonly used in linear algebra for representing equations, transformations, and vector operations

Ex: Matrix addition and subtraction are performed element-wise , combining corresponding elements of two matrices.
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trigonometry

a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles

Ex: Trigonometry plays a key role in fields such as physics , engineering , and computer science , where understanding angles and periodic functions is essential .
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radius
radius
[noun]

the length of a straight line drawn from the center of a circle to any point on its outer boundary

Ex: The radius of a planet determines its gravitational influence and orbital characteristics within a solar system .
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parabola
parabola
[noun]

(geometry) a symmetrical open curve that is similar to the path of an object thrown into the air passes till it falls back to earth

Ex: The quadratic function ’s graph is always a parabola.
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gradient
gradient
[noun]

the rate at which a quantity or dimension changes over a given distance or interval

Ex: The gradient of the city 's elevation was marked on the map .
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equation
equation
[noun]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

Ex: Economists analyze supply and demand equations to forecast market trends and price changes .
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circumference

(geometry) the length of the external boundary of a curved shape, especially a circle

Ex: The mathematician used the circumference to solve the geometry problem .
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mean
mean
[noun]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

Ex: The mean of the test results was used to assess overall student achievement .
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diameter
diameter
[noun]

a straight line from one side of a round object, particularly a circle, passing through the center and joining the other side

Ex: The technician used a caliper to determine the diameter of the bearings needed for the machinery repair .
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coaxial
coaxial
[Adjective]

related to a configuration where two or more components share a common axis or same center point

Ex: In the coaxial system , the inner and outer conductors share the same center .
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chronograph

a device used to measure and record precise time intervals

Ex: During the race , the chronograph recorded each split time .
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to overhaul

to examine, repair, and make significant improvements or changes to something

Ex: The airline plans to overhaul its fleet , ensuring all planes meet the latest safety standards .
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ohmmeter
ohmmeter
[noun]

a device used for measuring electrical resistance in a circuit, stated in ohms

Ex: An ohmmeter can help diagnose electrical issues by measuring resistance .
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microchip
microchip
[noun]

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

Ex: The new microchip design promises faster processing speeds .
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lever
lever
[noun]

a long rigid bar that is put under a heavy object in order to move it

Ex: With the help of a lever, they managed to pry open the stuck door .
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insulator
insulator
[noun]

a substance that doesn't conduct heat, sound, etc.

Ex: Ceramic materials are often used as insulators in high-voltage equipment .
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crank
crank
[noun]

a device that allows movement between mechanical parts of a machine or converts backward and forward motion into circular movement

Ex: The crankshaft is a critical component in internal combustion engines, converting linear piston motion into rotational motion to drive the vehicle.
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cardinal
cardinal
[noun]

(mathematics) the number of elements or members in a set, representing its size or quantity

Ex: The cardinal of a set with repeated elements is still the total number of elements .
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to cube
to cube
[Verb]

to multiply a value or number by itself two times

Ex: Cubing helps determine the volume of cubic shapes and solve certain mathematical problems .
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differential calculus

a branch of mathematics that focuses on studying rates of change and instantaneous variations through the concept of derivatives

Ex: Differential calculus is useful for understanding changing rates , like in weather patterns .
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logarithm
logarithm
[noun]

a mathematical function that represents the exponent to which a fixed number, called the base, must be raised to produce a given number

Ex: Astronomers apply logarithms to express stellar magnitudes and measure the brightness of celestial objects .
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ordinal
ordinal
[noun]

a number that indicates the position of something in a sequence, such as third, second, etc.

Ex: Mathematics often uses ordinals to denote the positions in ordered sets or sequences , distinguishing each item by its rank .
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power
power
[noun]

(mathematics) the exponent in an expression, indicating how many times a base is multiplied by itself

Ex: Raising a base to a power means multiplying the base by itself that many times .
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spectrum
spectrum
[noun]

the range of different wavelengths or frequencies of light or radiation

Ex: They used a prism to separate white light into its spectrum.
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