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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro GRE - Ty Počítej!

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o matematice, jako jsou "osa", "shodný", "matice" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
arithmetic
arithmetic
[Podstatné jméno]

a branch of mathematics that deals with addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

aritmetika

aritmetika

Ex: Students in elementary school learn basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. 
asymmetry
asymmetry
[Podstatné jméno]

(geometry) a lack of symmetry or equivalence in shape or size between the two sides or parts of something

asymetrie

asymetrie

Ex: In geometry, asymmetry means the two sides are not identical. 
axis
axis
[Podstatné jméno]

the central point or line around which an object turns

osa, čep

osa, čep

Ex: The Earth spins on its axis once every twenty-four hours. 
calculus
calculus
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of mathematics that comprises differentials and integrals

počet, analýza

počet, analýza

Ex: Calculus is used to find the area under a curve. 
chaos theory
chaos theory
[Podstatné jméno]

(mathematics) an interdisciplinary theory about complex systems that obey particular laws but appear to have little or no order

teorie chaosu, chaos teorie

teorie chaosu, chaos teorie

Ex: Chaos theory explains how small changes can lead to huge differences in complex systems. 
congruent
congruent
[Přídavné jméno]

(in geometry) describing shapes of the same size and form

shodný, souhlasný

shodný, souhlasný

Ex: If you fold the paper along the crease, the two halves are congruent. 
decimal
decimal
[Podstatné jméno]

(mathematics) a number less than one, called a fraction, that is represented as a period followed by the number of tenths, hundredths, etc.

desetinné číslo, desetinný zlomek

desetinné číslo, desetinný zlomek

Ex: In mathematics, decimals are a way to represent fractions or portions of a whole using a decimal point. 
game theory
game theory
[Podstatné jméno]

a branch of mathematics that studies the strategies of dealing with competitive situations involving conflict of interests, especially in business, war, etc.

teorie her, herní teorie

teorie her, herní teorie

Ex: Game theory helps businesses decide on the best pricing strategies. 
matrix
matrix
[Podstatné jméno]

a rectangular array of numbers or symbols organized in rows and columns, commonly used in linear algebra for representing equations, transformations, and vector operations

matice, tabulka

matice, tabulka

Ex: A 2x3 matrix represents a collection of numbers organized in two rows and three columns. 
trigonometry
trigonometry
[Podstatné jméno]

a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles

trigonometrie, obor trigonometrie

trigonometrie, obor trigonometrie

Ex: In trigonometry, the sine function (sin) relates the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the hypotenuse in a right-angled triangle. 
radius
radius
[Podstatné jméno]

the length of a straight line drawn from the center of a circle to any point on its outer boundary

poloměr, poloprůměr

poloměr, poloprůměr

Ex: The radius of a circle is half the length of its diameter, extending from the center to any point on the circumference. 
parabola
parabola
[Podstatné jméno]

(geometry) a symmetrical open curve that is similar to the path of an object thrown into the air passes till it falls back to earth

parabola, parabolická křivka

parabola, parabolická křivka

Ex: The path of a thrown ball forms a parabola. 
gradient
gradient
[Podstatné jméno]

the rate at which a quantity or dimension changes over a given distance or interval

gradient, sklon

gradient, sklon

Ex: The gradient of the river’s flow affects its speed. 
equation
equation
[Podstatné jméno]

(mathematics) a statement indicating the equality between two values

rovnice

rovnice

Ex: In algebra, solving equations involves finding the values of variables that satisfy the equality stated. 
circumference
circumference
[Podstatné jméno]

(geometry) the length of the external boundary of a curved shape, especially a circle

obvod

obvod

Ex: The formula for finding the circumference of a sphere involves multiplying the diameter by π (pi). 
mean
mean
[Podstatné jméno]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

průměr, aritmetický průměr

průměr, aritmetický průměr

Ex: To find the mean of 4, 6, and 8, add them together and divide by 3. 
diameter
diameter
[Podstatné jméno]

a straight line from one side of a round object, particularly a circle, passing through the center and joining the other side

průměr, průměr

průměr, průměr

Ex: The diameter of a circle is the longest distance between any two points on its circumference, passing through the center. 
coaxial
coaxial
[Přídavné jméno]

related to a configuration where two or more components share a common axis or same center point

koaxiální, souosý

koaxiální, souosý

Ex: The machine parts are aligned in a coaxial arrangement. 
chronograph
chronograph
[Podstatné jméno]

a device used to measure and record precise time intervals

chronograf, měřič času

chronograf, měřič času

Ex: He used the chronograph to time his running laps. 
to overhaul
to overhaul
[sloveso]

to examine, repair, and make significant improvements or changes to something

přezkoumat, zrekonstruovat

přezkoumat, zrekonstruovat

Ex: The company decided to overhaul its outdated website, introducing a new design and features. 
ohmmeter
ohmmeter
[Podstatné jméno]

a device used for measuring electrical resistance in a circuit, stated in ohms

ohmmetr, měřič odporu

ohmmetr, měřič odporu

Ex: He used an ohmmeter to check the resistance of the circuit. 
microchip
microchip
[Podstatné jméno]

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

mikročip, čip

mikročip, čip

Ex: The computer’s performance improved after upgrading its microchip. 
lever
lever
[Podstatné jméno]

a long rigid bar that is put under a heavy object in order to move it

páka, páčidlo

páka, páčidlo

Ex: He used a lever to lift the heavy rock from the ground. 
insulator
insulator
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that doesn't conduct heat, sound, etc.

izolant, izolátor

izolant, izolátor

Ex: The walls were lined with an insulator to keep the room warm. 
crank
crank
[Podstatné jméno]

a device that allows movement between mechanical parts of a machine or converts backward and forward motion into circular movement

klika, kliková hřídel

klika, kliková hřídel

Ex: The engineer used a crank to manually adjust the height of the lifting mechanism. 
cardinal
cardinal
[Podstatné jméno]

(mathematics) the number of elements or members in a set, representing its size or quantity

kardinál, mohutnost

kardinál, mohutnost

Ex: The cardinal of the set {1, 2, 3} is 3. 
to cube
to cube
[sloveso]

to multiply a value or number by itself two times

umocňovat na třetí, kubovat

umocňovat na třetí, kubovat

Ex: Cubing 2 gives you 2 × 2 × 2 = 8. 
differential calculus
differential calculus
[Podstatné jméno]

a branch of mathematics that focuses on studying rates of change and instantaneous variations through the concept of derivatives

diferenciální počet

diferenciální počet

Ex: Differential calculus helps us find how quickly something changes. 
logarithm
logarithm
[Podstatné jméno]

a mathematical function that represents the exponent to which a fixed number, called the base, must be raised to produce a given number

logaritmus

logaritmus

Ex: In the logarithm log₂(8) = 3, the base 2 raised to the power of 3 equals 8. 
ordinal
ordinal
[Podstatné jméno]

a number that indicates the position of something in a sequence, such as third, second, etc.

řadová číslovka, ordinální číslo

řadová číslovka, ordinální číslo

Ex: In a race, the runner who finishes in first place is said to be the winner of the first ordinal. 
power
power
[Podstatné jméno]

(mathematics) the exponent in an expression, indicating how many times a base is multiplied by itself

mocnina

mocnina

Ex: In the expression 3^4, the power is 4. 
spectrum
spectrum
[Podstatné jméno]

the range of different wavelengths or frequencies of light or radiation

spektrum, rozsah

spektrum, rozsah

Ex: The scientist studied the spectrum of visible light emitted by the star. 
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