pattern

文学 - 非虚构类体裁

在这里,你将学习一些与非小说类体裁相关的英语单词,如“宣言”、“社论”和“回忆录”。

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Words Related to Literature
reference work

a type of book that is designed to be consulted for information on a particular subject, and typically provides an overview or comprehensive treatment of the topic

参考书, 工具书

参考书, 工具书

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almanac
almanac
[名词]

an annual publication containing a wealth of information, such as calendars, astronomical data, weather forecasts, recipes, statistics, and other useful or interesting facts

年鉴, 历书

年鉴, 历书

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encyclopedia
encyclopedia
[名词]

a book or set of books that contains information on all branches of knowledge, or a particular branch of knowledge, typically arranged alphabetically by article title

百科全书, 百科辞典

百科全书, 百科辞典

Ex: The encyclopedia provided a wealth of information on various topics, from science to art. 

百科全书提供了从科学到艺术等各种主题的丰富信息。

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chronicle
chronicle
[名词]

a historical account of events presented in chronological order

编年史, 年代记

编年史, 年代记

Ex: The book is a chronicle of the events leading up to the revolution. 

这本书是导致革命的事件的编年史。

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consumer report

a non-profit organization that provides unbiased and independent reviews and ratings of various consumer products, including cars, appliances, electronics, and more

消费者报告, 消费研究

消费者报告, 消费研究

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dictionary
dictionary
[名词]

a book or digital resource that lists words and explains their meanings or gives their equivalents in another language

词典,  字典

词典, 字典

Ex: She bought an English-Persian dictionary. 
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thesaurus
thesaurus
[名词]

a reference book or online tool that provides synonyms and antonyms for words and phrases, often organized by meaning or usage

同义词词典, 词库

同义词词典, 词库

Ex: A thesaurus can help you expand your vocabulary by offering synonyms for common words. 

同义词词典可以通过提供常见单词的同义词来帮助你扩大词汇量。

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business directory

a printed or online listing of businesses within a specific industry, location, or category, providing information about each business's name, address, phone number, website, and other relevant details

商业目录, 企业名录

商业目录, 企业名录

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telephone directory

a listing of telephone subscribers in a geographical area or subscribers to services provided by the organization that publishes the directory

电话簿, 电话号码本

电话簿, 电话号码本

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handbook
handbook
[名词]

a concise reference book providing information and instructions on a particular subject or topic

手册, 指南

手册, 指南

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yearbook
yearbook
[名词]

a book produced annually that highlights events, activities, and people from a specific period within a year

年鉴, 年度书

年鉴, 年度书

Ex: The city's historical society produces a yearbook documenting significant events, developments, and changes in the community over the past year. 

该市的历史学会制作了一本年鉴,记录了去年社区中发生的重大事件、发展和变化。

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quotation
quotation
[名词]

a statement indicating the cost of a specific service or piece of work

报价, 估价

报价, 估价

Ex: She requested a quotation from several moving companies before deciding which one to hire. 
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autobiography

the story of the life of a person, written by the same person

自传, 回忆录

自传, 回忆录

Ex: Her autobiography detailed her struggles and triumphs throughout her career. 

她的自传详细描述了她职业生涯中的挣扎和胜利。

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biography
biography
[名词]

the story of someone's life that is written by another person

传记, 生平

传记, 生平

Ex: She read a biography about Marie Curie's groundbreaking work in science. 

她读了一本关于玛丽·居里在科学领域的开创性工作的传记。

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confession
confession
[名词]

an acknowledgment of having committed a wrong, shameful, or embarrassing act

坦白, 忏悔

坦白, 忏悔

Ex: The teacher encouraged a confession after the cheating incident. 

老师在作弊事件后鼓励了坦白。

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diary
diary
[名词]

a book or journal in which a person regularly records experiences, events, thoughts, or feelings

Ex: Daniel kept a diary during his year abroad. 
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log
log
[名词]

an official written record of events, conditions, or activities during a voyage, flight, or expedition

航海日志,  飞行日志

航海日志, 飞行日志

Ex: The pilot entered the flight details in the log. 
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memoir
memoir
[名词]

a written account of the writer's own life experiences or of a particular period in their life

回忆录,  自传

回忆录, 自传

Ex: The actor's memoir describes his early years in Hollywood. 
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epistle
epistle
[名词]

any of the letters in the New Testament, written by the apostles

书信, 使徒书信

书信, 使徒书信

Ex: The epistle of Peter encourages believers facing persecution. 

彼得的书信鼓励面临迫害的信徒。

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letter
letter
[名词]

a written or printed message that is sent to someone or an organization, company, etc.

信

信

Ex: My grandmother prefers to communicate through handwritten letters. 
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epitaph
epitaph
[名词]

a short verse or poem on a tombstone, serving to commemorate or convey a message to visitors of the grave

墓志铭, 墓碑上的诗

墓志铭, 墓碑上的诗

Ex: Generations later, visitors could still make out parts of the worn epitaph carved into the aging marble. 

几代人之后,来访者仍然可以辨认出刻在老化大理石上的磨损墓志铭的部分。

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literary criticism

the evaluation, interpretation, and analysis of literature, with a focus on its form, content, and historical and cultural contexts

文学批评, 文学分析

文学批评, 文学分析

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book report
book report
[名词]

a summary and analysis of a book, typically written by a student as a school assignment

读书报告, 书籍摘要

读书报告, 书籍摘要

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book review
book review
[名词]

a critical assessment of a book's content, style, and overall quality, aimed at informing readers and providing constructive feedback

书评, 书籍评论

书评, 书籍评论

Ex: She wrote a detailed book review highlighting the novel's strengths and flaws. 

她写了一篇详细的书评,突出了小说的优点和缺点。

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review
review
[名词]

a report that is published in a newspaper or a magazine, in which someone gives an opinion of a play, movie, book, etc.

评论, 书评

评论, 书评

Ex: The movie got mixed reviews from critics. 
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apologia
apologia
[名词]

a formal written defense used to justify one's beliefs or opinions

辩解, 书面辩护

辩解, 书面辩护

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polemic
polemic
[名词]

a speech or piece of writing that strongly criticizes someone or something

论战, 争论

论战, 争论

Ex: The article was a polemic on corporate greed. 

这篇文章是关于企业贪婪的论战。

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essay
essay
[名词]

a short piece of writing that discusses, analyzes, or presents ideas about a particular subject

散文,  论文

散文, 论文

Ex: Students must submit a five-page essay by Friday. 
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history book
history book
[名词]

a written account of past events, people, and their impacts on society, culture, and the world

历史书, 历史教科书

历史书, 历史教科书

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academic text

a piece of writing that is based on research, and intended to contribute to the academic conversation on a particular topic or field

学术文本, 学术文章

学术文本, 学术文章

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scholarly paper

a written work that presents original research, analysis, or review of a particular topic, and is typically published in an academic or scientific journal

学术论文, 科学论文

学术论文, 科学论文

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scientific paper

a written report that describes original research or findings on a particular scientific topic and is published in a scientific journal or conference proceedings

科学论文, 科学出版物

科学论文, 科学出版物

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monograph
monograph
[名词]

a detailed written account of a particular subject, usually in the format of a short book

专著, 详细研究

专著, 详细研究

Ex: The professor's monograph on ancient Roman pottery is considered a seminal work in the field. 

教授关于古罗马陶器的专著被认为是该领域的开创性著作。

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scientific journal

a periodical publication that contains peer-reviewed articles reporting the results of original research or review articles summarizing the current state of research on a particular topic in science or medicine

科学期刊, 学术杂志

科学期刊, 学术杂志

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treaty
treaty
[名词]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

条约

条约

Ex: The extradition treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice. 
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edited volume

a book consisting of a collection of chapters or articles written by different authors, and compiled and edited by one or more editors

编辑卷, 集体著作

编辑卷, 集体著作

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conference proceedings

a collection of academic papers, presentations, and discussions that are published following an academic conference or symposium

会议论文集, 会议记录

会议论文集, 会议记录

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news story
news story
[名词]

a factual account or report of an event, issue, or situation that is of interest to the public, and is published or broadcast by a news organization in various media formats such as newspapers, TV, radio, or online platforms

新闻报道, 新闻故事

新闻报道, 新闻故事

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editorial
editorial
[名词]

a newspaper article expressing the views of the editor on a particular subject

社论

社论

Ex: The latest editorial highlighted the need for healthcare reform. 
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opinion piece

a written article or essay expressing the personal opinions or viewpoints of the author on a particular topic, often published in a newspaper, magazine, or online publication

观点文章, 社论

观点文章, 社论

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manifesto
manifesto
[名词]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

宣言, 公开声明

宣言, 公开声明

Ex: The political party released a manifesto outlining their plans for economic reform. 

该政党发布了一份宣言,概述了他们的经济改革计划。

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announcement
announcement
[名词]

a public or official statement giving information about something

公告,  声明

公告, 声明

Ex: Everyone became quiet when the principal began the announcement. 
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textbook
textbook
[名词]

a book used for the study of a particular subject, especially in schools and colleges

教科书, 教材

教科书, 教材

Ex: She bought a new textbook for her economics class. 

她为她的经济学课买了一本新教科书。

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study guide
study guide
[名词]

a material that is used by students to help them understand a particular topic or subject

学习指南, 学习手册

学习指南, 学习手册

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field guide
field guide
[名词]

a book designed to help the reader identify wildlife, plants, rocks, or other natural objects encountered in the field

野外指南, 识别手册

野外指南, 识别手册

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travelog
travelog
[名词]

a narrative or documentary that chronicles the experiences of a traveler, often including descriptions of the places visited, the people encountered, and the cultures experienced

旅行见闻录, 旅行日记

旅行见闻录, 旅行日记

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recipe
recipe
[名词]

a set of instructions for preparing a particular dish, including the ingredients needed

食谱,  烹饪法

食谱, 烹饪法

Ex: This cake recipe calls for three eggs and a cup of milk. 
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cookbook
cookbook
[名词]

a book that explains how a dish is cooked

烹饪书, 食谱

烹饪书, 食谱

Ex: The bookstore has a wide selection of cookbooks, ranging from Italian cuisine to vegan cooking. 

书店有各种各样的烹饪书,从意大利菜到素食烹饪。

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user guide
user guide
[名词]

a document that provides instructions, information, and guidance on how to use a particular product or service

用户指南, 使用手册

用户指南, 使用手册

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self-help book

a type of book that provides guidance, advice, and instructions on a variety of personal and professional topics, with the aim of improving oneself and one's life

自助书, 自我提升书籍

自助书, 自我提升书籍

Ex: Many people turn to self-help books for guidance on personal development. 

许多人求助于自助书籍以获取个人发展方面的指导。

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science book
science book
[名词]

a written work about a scientific topic or related topics, often written for a general audience or for students

科学书, 科学著作

科学书, 科学著作

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oration
oration
[名词]

a formal speech delivered with eloquence and skill, usually given on a special occasion or to honor a specific person or event

演说, 致辞

演说, 致辞

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saying
saying
[名词]

a short, commonly known expression that conveys a general truth, advice, or observation

谚语, 俗语

谚语, 俗语

Ex: "Actions speak louder than words" is a well-known saying about behavior over promises. 

「行动胜于雄辩」是一个关于行为而非承诺的著名谚语。

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academic publishing

the process of producing and distributing academic works such as research papers, articles, books, and other forms of scholarship in various fields of study

学术出版

学术出版

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creative non-fiction

a genre of writing that uses literary techniques and narrative elements to present true events and experiences in a compelling and engaging way

创意非虚构, 文学性非虚构

创意非虚构, 文学性非虚构

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design document

a detailed document that describes how a software product will be built, including the system architecture, user interface design, data design, and any other components needed for the successful implementation of the software

设计文档, 设计文件

设计文档, 设计文件

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journal
journal
[名词]

a magazine or newspaper that gives information about a specific topic

杂志, 报纸

杂志, 报纸

Ex: She found a fascinating article in a health journal about new fitness trends. 
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natural history

the scientific study of organisms and their environment, including their behavior, anatomy, physiology, distribution, and ecology, among other things

自然历史, 自然科学

自然历史, 自然科学

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popular science

a genre of science writing that is aimed at a general audience and seeks to explain scientific concepts and discoveries in an accessible and engaging way

科普, 科学普及

科普, 科学普及

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miscellany
miscellany
[名词]

an assortment of short literary works, such as poems, essays, ballads, and stories, compiled into a single volume

文集, 选集

文集, 选集

Ex: Her notebook was a personal miscellany of sketches, verses, and reflections. 

她的笔记本是素描、诗句和反思的个人杂集。

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statute
statute
[名词]

a written law formally enacted by a legislative body

法规

法规

Ex: The court ruled that the statute did not apply to this case. 
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bildungsroman

a novel that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of its main character from youth to adulthood

成长小说, 教育小说

成长小说, 教育小说

Ex: In the bildungsroman, the main character undergoes a series of trials and experiences that shape their identity and worldview. 

在成长小说中,主角经历了一系列塑造其身份和世界观的考验和经历。

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commentary
commentary
[名词]

a series of explanations or critiques that offer insights or interpretations on a subject or text

评论, 分析

评论, 分析

Ex: The movie’s commentary track explained the creative decisions behind key scenes. 

电影的评论音轨解释了关键场景背后的创作决策。

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covenant
covenant
[名词]

a formal promise or agreement, especially one involving regular payments

契约,  条款

契约, 条款

Ex: Emma entered into a covenant to make annual payments to the charity. 
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critique
critique
[名词]

a detailed judgment of something, such as a work of art, a political idea, etc.

批评

批评

Ex: Journalists offered a sharp critique of the government's economic policies, highlighting their potential impact on the middle class. 

记者们对政府的经济政策提出了尖锐的批评,强调了它们对中产阶级的潜在影响。

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misery literature

a genre of literature that deals with depressing and tragic events or situations, often exploring themes of suffering, pain, and despair

苦难文学, 悲剧文学

苦难文学, 悲剧文学

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festschrift
festschrift
[名词]

a book or other publication containing articles, essays, or studies contributed by a number of authors to honor a distinguished scholar or public figure

纪念文集, 荣誉出版物

纪念文集, 荣誉出版物

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