a type of book that is designed to be consulted for information on a particular subject, and typically provides an overview or comprehensive treatment of the topic

参考书, 工具书
an annual publication containing a wealth of information, such as calendars, astronomical data, weather forecasts, recipes, statistics, and other useful or interesting facts

年鉴, 历书
a book or set of books that contains information on all branches of knowledge, or a particular branch of knowledge, typically arranged alphabetically by article title

百科全书, 百科辞典
百科全书提供了从科学到艺术等各种主题的丰富信息。
a historical account of events presented in chronological order

编年史, 年代记
这本书是导致革命的事件的编年史。
a non-profit organization that provides unbiased and independent reviews and ratings of various consumer products, including cars, appliances, electronics, and more

消费者报告, 消费研究
a book or electronic resource that gives a list of words in alphabetical order and explains their meanings, or gives the equivalent words in a different language

字典, 词典
在智能手机时代,有许多词典应用程序可用于快速查找单词。
a reference book or online tool that provides synonyms and antonyms for words and phrases, often organized by meaning or usage

同义词词典, 词库
同义词词典可以通过提供常见单词的同义词来帮助你扩大词汇量。
a printed or online listing of businesses within a specific industry, location, or category, providing information about each business's name, address, phone number, website, and other relevant details

商业目录, 企业名录
a listing of telephone subscribers in a geographical area or subscribers to services provided by the organization that publishes the directory

电话簿, 电话号码本
a concise reference book providing information and instructions on a particular subject or topic

手册, 指南
a book produced annually that highlights events, activities, and people from a specific period within a year

年鉴, 年度书
该市的历史学会制作了一本年鉴,记录了去年社区中发生的重大事件、发展和变化。
a statement indicating the cost of a specific service or piece of work

报价, 估价
她在决定雇佣哪家搬家公司之前,向几家公司索要了报价。
the story of the life of a person, written by the same person

自传, 回忆录
她的自传详细描述了她职业生涯中的挣扎和胜利。
the story of someone's life that is written by another person

传记, 生平
她读了一本关于玛丽·居里在科学领域的开创性工作的传记。
an acknowledgment of having committed a wrong, shameful, or embarrassing act

坦白, 忏悔
老师在作弊事件后鼓励了坦白。
a book or journal in which one records personal experiences, thoughts, or feelings on a regular basis, usually on a daily basis

日记, 日志
每晚写日记帮助她处理思绪并反思她的一天。
a written record of events, observations, or activities during a voyage of a ship, airplane, or expedition

航海日志, 航行记录
船的航海日志记录了天气和导航数据。
a written account of a person's own life experiences or a particular period in their life

回忆录, 自传
any of the letters in the New Testament, written by the apostles

书信, 使徒书信
彼得的书信鼓励面临迫害的信徒。
a written or printed message that is sent to someone or an organization, company, etc.

信
我的祖母更喜欢通过手写的信件来交流。
a short verse or poem on a tombstone, serving to commemorate or convey a message to visitors of the grave

墓志铭, 墓碑上的诗
几代人之后,来访者仍然可以辨认出刻在老化大理石上的磨损墓志铭的部分。
the evaluation, interpretation, and analysis of literature, with a focus on its form, content, and historical and cultural contexts

文学批评, 文学分析
a summary and analysis of a book, typically written by a student as a school assignment

读书报告, 书籍摘要
a critical assessment of a book's content, style, and overall quality, aimed at informing readers and providing constructive feedback

书评, 书籍评论
她写了一篇详细的书评,突出了小说的优点和缺点。
a report that is published in a newspaper or a magazine, in which someone gives an opinion of a play, movie, book, etc.

评论, 书评
去剧院之前,她读了那部戏剧的评论。
a speech or piece of writing that strongly criticizes someone or something

论战, 争论
这篇文章是关于企业贪婪的论战。
a piece of writing that briefly analyzes or discusses a specific subject

散文
他关于社会正义的论文在比赛中获得了一等奖。
a written account of past events, people, and their impacts on society, culture, and the world

历史书, 历史教科书
a piece of writing that is based on research, and intended to contribute to the academic conversation on a particular topic or field

学术文本, 学术文章
a written work that presents original research, analysis, or review of a particular topic, and is typically published in an academic or scientific journal

学术论文, 科学论文
a written report that describes original research or findings on a particular scientific topic and is published in a scientific journal or conference proceedings

科学论文, 科学出版物
a detailed written account of a particular subject, usually in the format of a short book

专著, 详细研究
教授关于古罗马陶器的专著被认为是该领域的开创性著作。
a periodical publication that contains peer-reviewed articles reporting the results of original research or review articles summarizing the current state of research on a particular topic in science or medicine

科学期刊, 学术杂志
an official agreement between two or more governments or states

条约
国家之间的条约降低了关税,促进了更大的经济合作。
a book consisting of a collection of chapters or articles written by different authors, and compiled and edited by one or more editors

编辑卷, 集体著作
a collection of academic papers, presentations, and discussions that are published following an academic conference or symposium

会议论文集, 会议记录
a factual account or report of an event, issue, or situation that is of interest to the public, and is published or broadcast by a news organization in various media formats such as newspapers, TV, radio, or online platforms

新闻报道, 新闻故事
a newspaper article expressing the views of the editor on a particular subject

社论
她写了一篇社论,内容是关于在地方选举中投票的重要性。
a written article or essay expressing the personal opinions or viewpoints of the author on a particular topic, often published in a newspaper, magazine, or online publication

观点文章, 社论
a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

宣言, 公开声明
该政党发布了一份宣言,概述了他们的经济改革计划。
an official or public statement that contains information about something, particularly a present or future occurrence

公告, 声明
该组织发布了关于新会员指南的公告。
a book used for the study of a particular subject, especially in schools and colleges

教科书, 教材
她为她的经济学课买了一本新教科书。
a material that is used by students to help them understand a particular topic or subject

学习指南, 学习手册
a book designed to help the reader identify wildlife, plants, rocks, or other natural objects encountered in the field

野外指南, 识别手册
a narrative or documentary that chronicles the experiences of a traveler, often including descriptions of the places visited, the people encountered, and the cultures experienced

旅行见闻录, 旅行日记
the instructions on how to cook a certain food, including a list of the ingredients required

食谱
食谱要求用新鲜的香草和香料来增强汤的味道。
a book that explains how a dish is cooked

烹饪书, 食谱
书店有各种各样的烹饪书,从意大利菜到素食烹饪。
a document that provides instructions, information, and guidance on how to use a particular product or service

用户指南, 使用手册
a type of book that provides guidance, advice, and instructions on a variety of personal and professional topics, with the aim of improving oneself and one's life

自助书, 自我提升书籍
许多人求助于自助书籍以获取个人发展方面的指导。
a written work about a scientific topic or related topics, often written for a general audience or for students

科学书, 科学著作
a formal speech delivered with eloquence and skill, usually given on a special occasion or to honor a specific person or event

演说, 致辞
a short, commonly known expression that conveys a general truth, advice, or observation

谚语, 俗语
「行动胜于雄辩」是一个关于行为而非承诺的著名谚语。
the process of producing and distributing academic works such as research papers, articles, books, and other forms of scholarship in various fields of study

学术出版
a genre of writing that uses literary techniques and narrative elements to present true events and experiences in a compelling and engaging way

创意非虚构, 文学性非虚构
a detailed document that describes how a software product will be built, including the system architecture, user interface design, data design, and any other components needed for the successful implementation of the software

设计文档, 设计文件
a magazine or newspaper that gives information about a specific topic

杂志, 报纸
科学期刊发表了关于气候变化的最新研究。
the scientific study of organisms and their environment, including their behavior, anatomy, physiology, distribution, and ecology, among other things

自然历史, 自然科学
a genre of science writing that is aimed at a general audience and seeks to explain scientific concepts and discoveries in an accessible and engaging way

科普, 科学普及
an assortment of short literary works, such as poems, essays, ballads, and stories, compiled into a single volume

文集, 选集
她的笔记本是素描、诗句和反思的个人杂集。
an officially written and established law

法令, 章程
她仔细研究了法规以了解她的法律义务。
a novel that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of its main character from youth to adulthood

成长小说, 教育小说
在成长小说中,主角经历了一系列塑造其身份和世界观的考验和经历。
a series of explanations or critiques that offer insights or interpretations on a subject or text

评论, 分析
电影的评论音轨解释了关键场景背后的创作决策。
a promise or a formal agreement, particularly one that involves regularly paying a sum of money to someone or an organization

契约, 协议
房东和租户之间的契约概述了双方的责任。
a detailed judgment of something, such as a work of art, a political idea, etc.

批评
记者们对政府的经济政策提出了尖锐的批评,强调了它们对中产阶级的潜在影响。
a genre of literature that deals with depressing and tragic events or situations, often exploring themes of suffering, pain, and despair

苦难文学, 悲剧文学
a book or other publication containing articles, essays, or studies contributed by a number of authors to honor a distinguished scholar or public figure

纪念文集, 荣誉出版物
