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文学 - ノンフィクションのジャンル

ここでは、「マニフェスト」、「社説」、「回顧録」などのノンフィクションのジャンルに関連するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Literature
reference work

a type of book that is designed to be consulted for information on a particular subject, and typically provides an overview or comprehensive treatment of the topic

参考図書, 参考書

参考図書, 参考書

almanac
almanac
[名詞]

an annual publication containing a wealth of information, such as calendars, astronomical data, weather forecasts, recipes, statistics, and other useful or interesting facts

年鑑, アルマナック

年鑑, アルマナック

encyclopedia
encyclopedia
[名詞]

a book or set of books that contains information on all branches of knowledge, or a particular branch of knowledge, typically arranged alphabetically by article title

百科事典, 百科辞典

百科事典, 百科辞典

Ex: She spent hours researching the history of ancient Egypt in the encyclopedia, fascinated by the details of the civilization. 

彼女は百科事典で古代エジプトの歴史を何時間も研究し、文明の詳細に魅了された。

chronicle
chronicle
[名詞]

a historical account of events presented in chronological order

年代記, 編年史

年代記, 編年史

Ex: The historian wrote a detailed chronicle of the medieval period. 

その歴史家は中世の詳細な年代記を書いた。

consumer report

a non-profit organization that provides unbiased and independent reviews and ratings of various consumer products, including cars, appliances, electronics, and more

消費者レポート, 消費調査

消費者レポート, 消費調査

dictionary
dictionary
[名詞]

a book or digital resource that lists words and explains their meanings or gives their equivalents in another language

辞書,  辞典

辞書, 辞典

Ex: I looked up the word in a dictionary. 
thesaurus
thesaurus
[名詞]

a reference book or online tool that provides synonyms and antonyms for words and phrases, often organized by meaning or usage

シソーラス, 類語辞典

シソーラス, 類語辞典

Ex: She used a thesaurus to find a more interesting word for her essay. 

彼女はエッセイにもっと面白い単語を見つけるためにシソーラスを使いました。

business directory

a printed or online listing of businesses within a specific industry, location, or category, providing information about each business's name, address, phone number, website, and other relevant details

ビジネスディレクトリ, 企業名鑑

ビジネスディレクトリ, 企業名鑑

telephone directory

a listing of telephone subscribers in a geographical area or subscribers to services provided by the organization that publishes the directory

電話帳, 電話ディレクトリ

電話帳, 電話ディレクトリ

handbook
handbook
[名詞]

a concise reference book providing information and instructions on a particular subject or topic

ハンドブック, マニュアル

ハンドブック, マニュアル

yearbook
yearbook
[名詞]

a book produced annually that highlights events, activities, and people from a specific period within a year

年鑑, 年間記録書

年鑑, 年間記録書

Ex: Each year, the company publishes a yearbook showcasing the company's accomplishments, milestones, and employee achievements. 

毎年、会社は、会社の成果、節目、従業員の業績を紹介する年鑑を発行しています。

quotation
quotation
[名詞]

a statement indicating the cost of a specific service or piece of work

見積もり, 引用

見積もり, 引用

Ex: The contractor provided a detailed quotation for the renovation project, outlining materials and labor costs. 
autobiography

the story of the life of a person, written by the same person

自伝, 回想録

自伝, 回想録

Ex: He wrote an autobiography to share his life story with the world. 

彼は自分の人生の物語を世界と共有するために自伝を書いた。

biography
biography
[名詞]

the story of someone's life that is written by another person

伝記, 生涯

伝記, 生涯

Ex: The biography of Nelson Mandela highlights his journey and achievements. 

ネルソン・マンデラの伝記は、彼の旅と業績を強調しています。

confession
confession
[名詞]

an acknowledgment of having committed a wrong, shameful, or embarrassing act

告白, 自白

告白, 自白

Ex: She made a confession about lying to her friend. 

彼女は友人に嘘をついたことについて告白しました。

diary
diary
[名詞]

a book or journal in which a person regularly records experiences, events, thoughts, or feelings

日記,  日記帳

日記, 日記帳

Ex: Emma writes in her diary every night before bed. 
log
log
[名詞]

an official written record of events, conditions, or activities during a voyage, flight, or expedition

航海日誌,  ログブック

航海日誌, ログブック

Ex: The captain recorded the storm in the ship's log. 
memoir
memoir
[名詞]

a written account of the writer's own life experiences or of a particular period in their life

回想録,  自伝

回想録, 自伝

Ex: Emma published a memoir about her childhood in rural Maine. 
epistle
epistle
[名詞]

any of the letters in the New Testament, written by the apostles

書簡, 使徒の手紙

書簡, 使徒の手紙

Ex: Paul's epistle to the Romans is a foundational text in Christian theology. 

パウロのローマ人への手紙は、キリスト教神学における基礎的なテキストです。

letter
letter
[名詞]

a written or printed message that is sent to someone or an organization, company, etc.

手紙

手紙

Ex: I received a letter from my friend who lives abroad. 
epitaph
epitaph
[名詞]

a short verse or poem on a tombstone, serving to commemorate or convey a message to visitors of the grave

墓碑銘, 墓石の詩

墓碑銘, 墓石の詩

Ex: At the funeral, a close friend read aloud the heartfelt epitaph etched into the gravestone. 

葬式で、親しい友人が墓石に刻まれた心のこもった碑文を声に出して読み上げた。

literary criticism

the evaluation, interpretation, and analysis of literature, with a focus on its form, content, and historical and cultural contexts

文学批評, 文学分析

文学批評, 文学分析

book report
book report
[名詞]

a summary and analysis of a book, typically written by a student as a school assignment

読書レポート, 本の要約

読書レポート, 本の要約

book review
book review
[名詞]

a critical assessment of a book's content, style, and overall quality, aimed at informing readers and providing constructive feedback

書評, 本の批評

書評, 本の批評

Ex: The newspaper published a glowing book review of the new bestseller. 

新聞は新しいベストセラーの輝かしい書評を掲載した。

review
review
[名詞]

a report that is published in a newspaper or a magazine, in which someone gives an opinion of a play, movie, book, etc.

レビュー, 批評

レビュー, 批評

Ex: I read a glowing review of the new movie in the newspaper. 
apologia
apologia
[名詞]

a formal written defense used to justify one's beliefs or opinions

弁明, 書かれた防御

弁明, 書かれた防御

polemic
polemic
[名詞]

a speech or piece of writing that strongly criticizes someone or something

論争, 議論

論争, 議論

Ex: His polemic against modern art sparked heated debate. 

現代美術に対する彼の論争は激しい議論を引き起こした。

essay
essay
[名詞]

a short piece of writing that discusses, analyzes, or presents ideas about a particular subject

Ex: Emma wrote an essay about climate change. 
history book
history book
[名詞]

a written account of past events, people, and their impacts on society, culture, and the world

歴史の本, 歴史の教科書

歴史の本, 歴史の教科書

academic text

a piece of writing that is based on research, and intended to contribute to the academic conversation on a particular topic or field

学術テキスト, 学術的文章

学術テキスト, 学術的文章

scholarly paper

a written work that presents original research, analysis, or review of a particular topic, and is typically published in an academic or scientific journal

学術論文, 科学論文

学術論文, 科学論文

scientific paper

a written report that describes original research or findings on a particular scientific topic and is published in a scientific journal or conference proceedings

科学論文, 科学出版物

科学論文, 科学出版物

monograph
monograph
[名詞]

a detailed written account of a particular subject, usually in the format of a short book

モノグラフ, 詳細な研究

モノグラフ, 詳細な研究

Ex: Libraries often house monographs that delve deep into niche subjects, providing invaluable resources for researchers. 

図書館には、特定の主題を深く掘り下げるモノグラフがよく収蔵されており、研究者にとって貴重な資料を提供しています。

scientific journal

a periodical publication that contains peer-reviewed articles reporting the results of original research or review articles summarizing the current state of research on a particular topic in science or medicine

科学雑誌, 学術誌

科学雑誌, 学術誌

treaty
treaty
[名詞]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

条約

条約

Ex: The nuclear disarmament treaty required both sides to reduce their arsenals of nuclear weapons. 
edited volume

a book consisting of a collection of chapters or articles written by different authors, and compiled and edited by one or more editors

編集された巻, 共同著作

編集された巻, 共同著作

conference proceedings

a collection of academic papers, presentations, and discussions that are published following an academic conference or symposium

会議録, 会議議事録

会議録, 会議議事録

news story
news story
[名詞]

a factual account or report of an event, issue, or situation that is of interest to the public, and is published or broadcast by a news organization in various media formats such as newspapers, TV, radio, or online platforms

ニュース記事, 報道

ニュース記事, 報道

editorial
editorial
[名詞]

a newspaper article expressing the views of the editor on a particular subject

社説

社説

Ex: The editorial section of the paper often features guest writers. 
opinion piece

a written article or essay expressing the personal opinions or viewpoints of the author on a particular topic, often published in a newspaper, magazine, or online publication

意見記事, 社説

意見記事, 社説

manifesto
manifesto
[名詞]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

マニフェスト, 公開宣言

マニフェスト, 公開宣言

Ex: The activists issued a manifesto to rally support for their cause. 

活動家たちは彼らの大義への支持を集めるためにマニフェストを発表した。

announcement
announcement
[名詞]

a public or official statement giving information about something

発表,  告知

発表, 告知

Ex: The company made an announcement about its new office. 
textbook
textbook
[名詞]

a book used for the study of a particular subject, especially in schools and colleges

教科書, テキストブック

教科書, テキストブック

Ex: The textbook for the biology course is quite comprehensive. 

生物学コースの教科書は非常に包括的です。

study guide
study guide
[名詞]

a material that is used by students to help them understand a particular topic or subject

学習ガイド, スタディガイド

学習ガイド, スタディガイド

field guide
field guide
[名詞]

a book designed to help the reader identify wildlife, plants, rocks, or other natural objects encountered in the field

フィールドガイド, 同定マニュアル

フィールドガイド, 同定マニュアル

travelog
travelog
[名詞]

a narrative or documentary that chronicles the experiences of a traveler, often including descriptions of the places visited, the people encountered, and the cultures experienced

旅行記, 旅行日記

旅行記, 旅行日記

recipe
recipe
[名詞]

a set of instructions for preparing a particular dish, including the ingredients needed

レシピ,  調理法

レシピ, 調理法

Ex: Emma found a simple recipe for tomato soup online. 
cookbook
cookbook
[名詞]

a book that explains how a dish is cooked

料理本, レシピ本

料理本, レシピ本

Ex: She referred to her grandmother's old cookbook for traditional family recipes passed down through generations. 

彼女は、代々受け継がれてきた伝統的な家族のレシピのために、祖母の古い料理本を参照しました。

user guide
user guide
[名詞]

a document that provides instructions, information, and guidance on how to use a particular product or service

ユーザーガイド, 取扱説明書

ユーザーガイド, 取扱説明書

self-help book

a type of book that provides guidance, advice, and instructions on a variety of personal and professional topics, with the aim of improving oneself and one's life

自己啓発本, 自助本

自己啓発本, 自助本

Ex: She picked up a self-help book to improve her time management skills. 

彼女は時間管理スキルを向上させるために自己啓発本を手に取りました。

science book
science book
[名詞]

a written work about a scientific topic or related topics, often written for a general audience or for students

科学の本, 科学書

科学の本, 科学書

oration
oration
[名詞]

a formal speech delivered with eloquence and skill, usually given on a special occasion or to honor a specific person or event

演説, スピーチ

演説, スピーチ

saying
saying
[名詞]

a short, commonly known expression that conveys a general truth, advice, or observation

ことわざ, 格言

ことわざ, 格言

Ex: The saying "better late than never" encourages trying, even if delayed. 

「遅くなってもやらないよりはまし」という格言は、たとえ遅れても挑戦することを勧めています。

academic publishing

the process of producing and distributing academic works such as research papers, articles, books, and other forms of scholarship in various fields of study

学術出版

学術出版

creative non-fiction

a genre of writing that uses literary techniques and narrative elements to present true events and experiences in a compelling and engaging way

クリエイティブ・ノンフィクション, 文学的ノンフィクション

クリエイティブ・ノンフィクション, 文学的ノンフィクション

design document

a detailed document that describes how a software product will be built, including the system architecture, user interface design, data design, and any other components needed for the successful implementation of the software

設計文書, デザインドキュメント

設計文書, デザインドキュメント

journal
journal
[名詞]

a magazine or newspaper that gives information about a specific topic

雑誌, 新聞

雑誌, 新聞

Ex: The business journal reported on the recent changes in market trends. 
natural history

the scientific study of organisms and their environment, including their behavior, anatomy, physiology, distribution, and ecology, among other things

自然史, 自然科学

自然史, 自然科学

popular science

a genre of science writing that is aimed at a general audience and seeks to explain scientific concepts and discoveries in an accessible and engaging way

ポピュラーサイエンス, 科学の普及

ポピュラーサイエンス, 科学の普及

miscellany
miscellany
[名詞]

an assortment of short literary works, such as poems, essays, ballads, and stories, compiled into a single volume

文集, アンソロジー

文集, アンソロジー

Ex: The publisher released a miscellany of 19th-century romantic poetry. 

出版社は19世紀のロマン派詩の選集を発行した。

statute
statute
[名詞]

a written law formally enacted by a legislative body

法律

法律

Ex: The new statute limits the use of personal data. 
bildungsroman

a novel that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of its main character from youth to adulthood

教養小説, 成長小説

教養小説, 成長小説

Ex: The novel follows the protagonist's coming-of-age journey from adolescence to adulthood, making it a classic example of bildungsroman literature. 

この小説は主人公の青年期から成人期までの成長の旅を追っており、ビルドゥングスロマン文学の古典的な例となっています。

commentary
commentary
[名詞]

a series of explanations or critiques that offer insights or interpretations on a subject or text

解説, 分析

解説, 分析

Ex: The historian’s commentary on the ancient manuscript provided context for its meaning. 
covenant
covenant
[名詞]

a formal promise or agreement, especially one involving regular payments

特約,  契約条項

特約, 契約条項

Ex: The lease contains a covenant requiring the tenant to maintain the property. 
critique
critique
[名詞]

a detailed judgment of something, such as a work of art, a political idea, etc.

批評

批評

Ex: The art professor provided a thorough critique of the student's painting, praising its composition while suggesting improvements to the color scheme. 

美術教授は学生の絵画について、構図を称賛しつつ色彩計画の改善を提案する徹底した批評を提供した。

misery literature

a genre of literature that deals with depressing and tragic events or situations, often exploring themes of suffering, pain, and despair

悲惨文学, 悲劇文学

悲惨文学, 悲劇文学

festschrift
festschrift
[名詞]

a book or other publication containing articles, essays, or studies contributed by a number of authors to honor a distinguished scholar or public figure

記念論文集, 栄誉出版物

記念論文集, 栄誉出版物

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