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Literatura - Gatunki literatury faktu

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów związanych z gatunkami non-fiction, takimi jak "manifest", "artykuł wstępny" i "pamiętnik".

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Words Related to Literature
reference work
reference work
[Rzeczownik]

a type of book that is designed to be consulted for information on a particular subject, and typically provides an overview or comprehensive treatment of the topic

praca referencyjna, książka referencyjna

praca referencyjna, książka referencyjna

almanac
almanac
[Rzeczownik]

an annual publication containing a wealth of information, such as calendars, astronomical data, weather forecasts, recipes, statistics, and other useful or interesting facts

almanach, rocznik

almanach, rocznik

encyclopedia
encyclopedia
[Rzeczownik]

a book or set of books that contains information on all branches of knowledge, or a particular branch of knowledge, typically arranged alphabetically by article title

encyklopedia, słownik encyklopedyczny

encyklopedia, słownik encyklopedyczny

Ex: She spent hours researching the history of ancient Egypt in the encyclopedia, fascinated by the details of the civilization. 
chronicle
chronicle
[Rzeczownik]

a historical account of events presented in chronological order

kronika, roczniki

kronika, roczniki

Ex: The historian wrote a detailed chronicle of the medieval period. 
consumer report
consumer report
[Rzeczownik]

a non-profit organization that provides unbiased and independent reviews and ratings of various consumer products, including cars, appliances, electronics, and more

raport konsumenta, badanie konsumpcji

raport konsumenta, badanie konsumpcji

dictionary
dictionary
[Rzeczownik]

a book or electronic resource that gives a list of words in alphabetical order and explains their meanings, or gives the equivalent words in a different language

słownik, leksykon

słownik, leksykon

Ex: A pocket-sized dictionary can be handy during travels to help communicate in different languages. 
thesaurus
thesaurus
[Rzeczownik]

a reference book or online tool that provides synonyms and antonyms for words and phrases, often organized by meaning or usage

tezaurus, słownik synonimów

tezaurus, słownik synonimów

Ex: She used a thesaurus to find a more interesting word for her essay. 
business directory
business directory
[Rzeczownik]

a printed or online listing of businesses within a specific industry, location, or category, providing information about each business's name, address, phone number, website, and other relevant details

katalog firm, książka telefoniczna biznesu

katalog firm, książka telefoniczna biznesu

telephone directory

a listing of telephone subscribers in a geographical area or subscribers to services provided by the organization that publishes the directory

książka telefoniczna, spis abonentów

książka telefoniczna, spis abonentów

handbook
handbook
[Rzeczownik]

a concise reference book providing information and instructions on a particular subject or topic

podręcznik, przewodnik

podręcznik, przewodnik

yearbook
yearbook
[Rzeczownik]

a book produced annually that highlights events, activities, and people from a specific period within a year

rocznik, książka roku

rocznik, książka roku

Ex: Each year, the company publishes a yearbook showcasing the company's accomplishments, milestones, and employee achievements. 
quotation
quotation
[Rzeczownik]

a statement indicating the cost of a specific service or piece of work

wycena, oferta

wycena, oferta

Ex: The contractor provided a detailed quotation for the renovation project, outlining materials and labor costs. 
autobiography
autobiography
[Rzeczownik]

the story of the life of a person, written by the same person

autobiografia, pamiętniki

autobiografia, pamiętniki

Ex: He wrote an autobiography to share his life story with the world. 
biography
biography
[Rzeczownik]

the story of someone's life that is written by another person

biografia, życiorys

biografia, życiorys

Ex: The biography of Nelson Mandela highlights his journey and achievements. 
confession
confession
[Rzeczownik]

an acknowledgment of having committed a wrong, shameful, or embarrassing act

wyznanie, spowiedź

wyznanie, spowiedź

Ex: She made a confession about lying to her friend. 
diary
diary
[Rzeczownik]

a book or journal in which one records personal experiences, thoughts, or feelings on a regular basis, usually on a daily basis

pamiętnik, dziennik

pamiętnik, dziennik

Ex: She kept a diary throughout her travels, documenting her experiences and the people she met along the way. 
log
log
[Rzeczownik]

a written record of events, observations, or activities during a voyage of a ship, airplane, or expedition

dziennik pokładowy, rejestr nawigacyjny

dziennik pokładowy, rejestr nawigacyjny

Ex: The captain wrote daily entries in the ship's log. 
memoir
memoir
[Rzeczownik]

a written account of a person's own life experiences or a particular period in their life

pamiętnik, autobiografia

pamiętnik, autobiografia

epistle
epistle
[Rzeczownik]

any of the letters in the New Testament, written by the apostles

list, list apostolski

list, list apostolski

Ex: Paul's epistle to the Romans is a foundational text in Christian theology. 
letter
letter
[Rzeczownik]

a written or printed message that is sent to someone or an organization, company, etc.

list

list

Ex: I received a thank-you letter from the charity I donated to. 
epitaph
epitaph
[Rzeczownik]

a short verse or poem on a tombstone, serving to commemorate or convey a message to visitors of the grave

epitafium, napis nagrobny

epitafium, napis nagrobny

Ex: At the funeral, a close friend read aloud the heartfelt epitaph etched into the gravestone. 
literary criticism
literary criticism
[Rzeczownik]

the evaluation, interpretation, and analysis of literature, with a focus on its form, content, and historical and cultural contexts

krytyka literacka, analiza literacka

krytyka literacka, analiza literacka

book report
book report
[Rzeczownik]

a summary and analysis of a book, typically written by a student as a school assignment

raport z książki, streszczenie książki

raport z książki, streszczenie książki

book review
book review
[Rzeczownik]

a critical assessment of a book's content, style, and overall quality, aimed at informing readers and providing constructive feedback

recenzja książki, krytyka książki

recenzja książki, krytyka książki

Ex: The newspaper published a glowing book review of the new bestseller. 
review
review
[Rzeczownik]

a report that is published in a newspaper or a magazine, in which someone gives an opinion of a play, movie, book, etc.

recenzja, krytyka

recenzja, krytyka

Ex: According to the review, the new novel is a must-read. 
apologia
apologia
[Rzeczownik]

a formal written defense used to justify one's beliefs or opinions

apologia, pisemna obrona

apologia, pisemna obrona

polemic
polemic
[Rzeczownik]

a speech or piece of writing that strongly criticizes someone or something

polemika, kontrowersja

polemika, kontrowersja

Ex: His polemic against modern art sparked heated debate. 
essay
essay
[Rzeczownik]

a piece of writing that briefly analyzes or discusses a specific subject

esej

esej

Ex: She wrote an essay about climate change for her biology class. 
history book
history book
[Rzeczownik]

a written account of past events, people, and their impacts on society, culture, and the world

książka historyczna, podręcznik do historii

książka historyczna, podręcznik do historii

academic text
academic text
[Rzeczownik]

a piece of writing that is based on research, and intended to contribute to the academic conversation on a particular topic or field

tekst akademicki, pismo akademickie

tekst akademicki, pismo akademickie

scholarly paper
scholarly paper
[Rzeczownik]

a written work that presents original research, analysis, or review of a particular topic, and is typically published in an academic or scientific journal

artykuł naukowy, publikacja akademicka

artykuł naukowy, publikacja akademicka

scientific paper
scientific paper
[Rzeczownik]

a written report that describes original research or findings on a particular scientific topic and is published in a scientific journal or conference proceedings

artykuł naukowy, publikacja naukowa

artykuł naukowy, publikacja naukowa

monograph
monograph
[Rzeczownik]

a detailed written account of a particular subject, usually in the format of a short book

monografia, szczegółowe opracowanie

monografia, szczegółowe opracowanie

Ex: Libraries often house monographs that delve deep into niche subjects, providing invaluable resources for researchers. 
scientific journal
scientific journal
[Rzeczownik]

a periodical publication that contains peer-reviewed articles reporting the results of original research or review articles summarizing the current state of research on a particular topic in science or medicine

czasopismo naukowe, dziennik naukowy

czasopismo naukowe, dziennik naukowy

treaty
treaty
[Rzeczownik]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

traktat

traktat

Ex: The two countries signed a peace treaty to end decades of conflict and establish diplomatic relations. 
edited volume
edited volume
[Rzeczownik]

a book consisting of a collection of chapters or articles written by different authors, and compiled and edited by one or more editors

tom edytowany, dzieło zbiorowe

tom edytowany, dzieło zbiorowe

conference proceedings

a collection of academic papers, presentations, and discussions that are published following an academic conference or symposium

materiały konferencyjne, procedury konferencyjne

materiały konferencyjne, procedury konferencyjne

news story
news story
[Rzeczownik]

a factual account or report of an event, issue, or situation that is of interest to the public, and is published or broadcast by a news organization in various media formats such as newspapers, TV, radio, or online platforms

wiadomość, reportaż

wiadomość, reportaż

editorial
editorial
[Rzeczownik]

a newspaper article expressing the views of the editor on a particular subject

artykuł wstępny

artykuł wstępny

Ex: The editorial argued for more investment in public transportation. 
opinion piece
opinion piece
[Rzeczownik]

a written article or essay expressing the personal opinions or viewpoints of the author on a particular topic, often published in a newspaper, magazine, or online publication

artykuł opinii, artykuł wstępny

artykuł opinii, artykuł wstępny

manifesto
manifesto
[Rzeczownik]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifest, publiczna deklaracja

manifest, publiczna deklaracja

Ex: The activists issued a manifesto to rally support for their cause. 
announcement
announcement
[Rzeczownik]

an official or public statement that contains information about something, particularly a present or future occurrence

ogłoszenie, komunikat

ogłoszenie, komunikat

Ex: The couple made an announcement to their friends and family about their engagement. 
textbook
textbook
[Rzeczownik]

a book used for the study of a particular subject, especially in schools and colleges

podręcznik, książka szkolna

podręcznik, książka szkolna

Ex: The textbook for the biology course is quite comprehensive. 
study guide
study guide
[Rzeczownik]

a material that is used by students to help them understand a particular topic or subject

przewodnik do nauki, podręcznik do nauki

przewodnik do nauki, podręcznik do nauki

field guide
field guide
[Rzeczownik]

a book designed to help the reader identify wildlife, plants, rocks, or other natural objects encountered in the field

przewodnik terenowy, klucz do oznaczania

przewodnik terenowy, klucz do oznaczania

travelog
travelog
[Rzeczownik]

a narrative or documentary that chronicles the experiences of a traveler, often including descriptions of the places visited, the people encountered, and the cultures experienced

relacja z podróży, pamiętnik podróży

relacja z podróży, pamiętnik podróży

recipe
recipe
[Rzeczownik]

the instructions on how to cook a certain food, including a list of the ingredients required

przepis

przepis

Ex: She followed her grandmother's chocolate cake recipe, which included a secret ingredient. 
cookbook
cookbook
[Rzeczownik]

a book that explains how a dish is cooked

książka kucharska, książka z przepisami

książka kucharska, książka z przepisami

Ex: She referred to her grandmother's old cookbook for traditional family recipes passed down through generations. 
user guide
user guide
[Rzeczownik]

a document that provides instructions, information, and guidance on how to use a particular product or service

podręcznik użytkownika, instrukcja obsługi

podręcznik użytkownika, instrukcja obsługi

self-help book
self-help book
[Rzeczownik]

a type of book that provides guidance, advice, and instructions on a variety of personal and professional topics, with the aim of improving oneself and one's life

książka samopomocowa, poradnik rozwoju osobistego

książka samopomocowa, poradnik rozwoju osobistego

Ex: She picked up a self-help book to improve her time management skills. 
science book
science book
[Rzeczownik]

a written work about a scientific topic or related topics, often written for a general audience or for students

książka naukowa, dzieło naukowe

książka naukowa, dzieło naukowe

oration
oration
[Rzeczownik]

a formal speech delivered with eloquence and skill, usually given on a special occasion or to honor a specific person or event

przemówienie, mowa

przemówienie, mowa

saying
saying
[Rzeczownik]

a short, commonly known expression that conveys a general truth, advice, or observation

powiedzenie, przysłowie

powiedzenie, przysłowie

Ex: The saying "better late than never" encourages trying, even if delayed. 
academic publishing

the process of producing and distributing academic works such as research papers, articles, books, and other forms of scholarship in various fields of study

publikowanie akademickie

publikowanie akademickie

creative non-fiction

a genre of writing that uses literary techniques and narrative elements to present true events and experiences in a compelling and engaging way

kreatywna literatura faktu, literacka literatura faktu

kreatywna literatura faktu, literacka literatura faktu

design document
design document
[Rzeczownik]

a detailed document that describes how a software product will be built, including the system architecture, user interface design, data design, and any other components needed for the successful implementation of the software

dokument projektowy, dokument designu

dokument projektowy, dokument designu

journal
journal
[Rzeczownik]

a magazine or newspaper that gives information about a specific topic

czasopismo, gazeta

czasopismo, gazeta

Ex: He subscribed to a travel journal to get tips for his upcoming vacation. 
natural history
natural history
[Rzeczownik]

the scientific study of organisms and their environment, including their behavior, anatomy, physiology, distribution, and ecology, among other things

historia naturalna, nauki przyrodnicze

historia naturalna, nauki przyrodnicze

popular science
popular science
[Rzeczownik]

a genre of science writing that is aimed at a general audience and seeks to explain scientific concepts and discoveries in an accessible and engaging way

nauka popularna, popularyzacja nauki

nauka popularna, popularyzacja nauki

miscellany
miscellany
[Rzeczownik]

an assortment of short literary works, such as poems, essays, ballads, and stories, compiled into a single volume

zbiór, antologia

zbiór, antologia

Ex: The publisher released a miscellany of 19th-century romantic poetry. 
statute
statute
[Rzeczownik]

an officially written and established law

ustawa, statut

ustawa, statut

Ex: The new statute requires all drivers to use hands-free devices while driving. 
bildungsroman
bildungsroman
[Rzeczownik]

a novel that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of its main character from youth to adulthood

powieść edukacyjna, powieść rozwojowa

powieść edukacyjna, powieść rozwojowa

Ex: The novel follows the protagonist's coming-of-age journey from adolescence to adulthood, making it a classic example of bildungsroman literature. 
commentary
commentary
[Rzeczownik]

a series of explanations or critiques that offer insights or interpretations on a subject or text

komentarz, analiza

komentarz, analiza

Ex: The historian’s commentary on the ancient manuscript provided context for its meaning. 
covenant
covenant
[Rzeczownik]

a promise or a formal agreement, particularly one that involves regularly paying a sum of money to someone or an organization

przymierze, umowa

przymierze, umowa

Ex: The two countries signed a covenant to promote peace and cooperation. 
critique
critique
[Rzeczownik]

a detailed judgment of something, such as a work of art, a political idea, etc.

krytyka

krytyka

Ex: The art professor provided a thorough critique of the student's painting, praising its composition while suggesting improvements to the color scheme. 
misery literature
misery literature
[Rzeczownik]

a genre of literature that deals with depressing and tragic events or situations, often exploring themes of suffering, pain, and despair

literatura nędzy, literatura tragiczna

literatura nędzy, literatura tragiczna

festschrift
festschrift
[Rzeczownik]

a book or other publication containing articles, essays, or studies contributed by a number of authors to honor a distinguished scholar or public figure

książka jubileuszowa, publikacja honorowa

książka jubileuszowa, publikacja honorowa

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