to threaten
[动词]
to say that one is willing to damage something or hurt someone if one's demands are not met

威胁, 威逼
to startle
[动词]
to cause a sudden shock or surprise, resulting in a quick, involuntary reaction

惊吓, 使惊跳
to alarm
[动词]
to make someone scared or anxious

惊慌, 警觉
Ex: The unexpected alarmed him , thinking it was bad news .
to fluster
[动词]
to make someone feel nervous or uncomfortable, often by surprising or overwhelming them

使困惑, 使慌乱
to distress
[动词]
to cause someone difficulty or hardship, particularly financial struggles or emotional turmoil

使痛苦, 使苦恼
to astound
[动词]
to greatly shock or surprise someone

震惊, 惊奇
Ex: The intricate details of the astounded visitors to the museum , who marveled at the artist 's skill .
to appall
[动词]
to shock or horrify someone, causing them to feel alarmed or deeply unpleasantly surprised

震惊, 使惊骇
to traumatize
[动词]
to cause severe emotional distress or psychological harm to someone, often resulting in long-term effects

创伤性影响, 使受创伤
Ex: The war veteran traumatized by his combat experiences , struggling with nightmares and hypervigilance .

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