كتاب Solutions - متقدم - الوحدة 5 - 5أ - الجزء 1

a state of armed fighting between two or more groups, nations, or states

حرب

a serious disagreement or argument, often involving opposing interests or ideas

صراع, خلاف

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

حليف, شريك

not having identical parts facing each other or around an axis

غير متماثل

involvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons

حرب, قتال

an extremely brutal act, especially in war

فاحشة, فعل وحشي

a line that separates two countries, provinces, or states from each other

حدود, محدّد

relating to a person who is not a member of the military or police force and does not hold an official position in the government

مدني, غير عسكري

the group of politicians in control of a country or state

حكومة, إدارة

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

تحالف

a small, illegitimate military group characterized by fast-moving actions, utilizing violence, terrorism, traps, and hit-and-run tactics against official military and police forces

قوة حرب العصابات, مجموعة متمردة

a rebellion or armed uprising against established authority

تمرد, ثورة

the act of invading or entering a territory, country, or region by force or without permission, often with the intent to control or dominate the area and its inhabitants

غزو, اجتياح

a person who leads or commands others

قائد, زعيم

a person's profession or job, typically the means by which they earn a living

مهنة, وظيفة

the state of being protected or having protection against any types of danger

أمان

units within legitimate armed forces, comprising elite soldiers specially trained to undertake challenging missions and combat adversaries such as guerrilla forces and terrorists

القوات الخاصة, الوحدات النخبة

person who uses violence or threats to achieve political or ideological goals by targeting innocent people or civilians

إرهابي, إرهابي

the process during which someone learns the skills needed in order to do a particular job

تدريب, تكوين

a military facility where troops are stationed for training or operational purposes

مخيم عسكري, قاعدة عسكرية

a group of soldiers or military personnel trained and organized to act together as a unit in military operations

قوات, جنود

to convey a speech, idea, etc. to an audience in a clear and effective manner

ألقى, قدم

to guess how long something will last

قدّر, توقع

to release an official document such as a statement, warrant, etc.

إصدار, نشر

to deliver a speech or presentation that publicly expresses one's ideas, plans, etc.

يقدم, يطرح

to have a person, letter, or package physically delivered from one location to another, specifically by mail

إرسال, بعث

to be given something or to accept something that is sent

استلام, قبول

to act in accordance with rules, regulations, or requests

الامتثال, الطاعة

to intentionally pay no or little attention to someone or something

يتجاهل, يُغفل

to remove something from a specific location or situation

سحب, إزالة

a final and serious demand made by one person to another, which includes consequences if the demand is not met

إنذار نهائي

used when naming, or giving description or information about people, things, or situations

يكون, يوجد

to take part in a violent physical action against someone

يقاتل, يصارع

to become the most successful, the luckiest, or the best in a game, race, fight, etc.

يفوز, يحقق الانتصار

to not win in a race, fight, game, etc.

يخسر

to officially tell people something

يعلن, يصرح

to travel or move from one location to another

يذهب, يتجه

the process of promoting to a new position or gaining political power

الارتقاء إلى السلطة, الوصول إلى السلطة

to take or begin to have power or responsibility

يتولى, يكتسب

to suddenly and forcibly take hold of something

قبض على, استولى على

to capture a place and obtain control over it

أخذ, استيلاء

to lose a position of power, authority, or influence, often as a result of a negative event or circumstance

يسقط, يهبط

to stop trying when faced with failures or difficulties

استسلم, تنازل