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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 6-7) - Política

Aquí, aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la política que son necesarias para el examen académico IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
democracy
democracy
[Sustantivo]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

democracia

democracia

Ex: One of the pillars of a democracy is the right to vote. 

Uno de los pilares de la democracia es el derecho a votar.

referendum
referendum
[Sustantivo]

a vote in which all the people of a country are asked to decide on one political question

referéndum

referéndum

Ex: Citizens will take part in a referendum next month. 

Los ciudadanos participarán en un referéndum el próximo mes.

federalism
federalism
[Sustantivo]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalismo

federalismo

Ex: Debates over federalism often center on the appropriate level of state versus federal control in various policy areas. 

Los debates sobre el federalismo a menudo se centran en el nivel adecuado de control estatal versus el control federal en diversas áreas políticas.

regime
regime
[Sustantivo]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

régimen

régimen

Ex: The previous regime was known for its human rights violations. 

El anterior régimen era conocido por sus violaciones de los derechos humanos.

ideology
ideology
[Sustantivo]

a set of beliefs or principles that guide a community or nation

ideología

ideología

Ex: The nation's founding ideology emphasized freedom and equality for all. 

La ideología fundacional de la nación enfatizaba la libertad y la igualdad para todos.

lobbyist
lobbyist
[Sustantivo]

someone who attempts to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

cabildero, miembro de un grupo de presión

cabildero, miembro de un grupo de presión

opposition
opposition
[Sustantivo]

the main political party opposed to the government

oposición

oposición

Ex: In parliament, the opposition presented an alternative budget proposal. 

En el parlamento, la oposición presentó una propuesta presupuestaria alternativa.

monarchy
monarchy
[Sustantivo]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

monarquía

monarquía

Ex: The citizens celebrated the anniversary of their monarchy with a grand parade. 

Los ciudadanos celebraron el aniversario de su monarquía con un gran desfile.

constituency
constituency
[Sustantivo]

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

electorado

electorado

Ex: She was reelected due to her strong connection with her constituency. 

Fue reelegida debido a su fuerte conexión con su circunscripción.

faction
faction
[Sustantivo]

arguments and disagreements between small groups of people within a political party or an organization

disensión, división

disensión, división

ballot
ballot
[Sustantivo]

a document listing the options or candidates used in voting

papeleta

papeleta

Ex: She marked her choices carefully on the ballot. 

Ella marcó sus elecciones cuidadosamente en la papeleta de votación.

coalition
coalition
[Sustantivo]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

coalición

coalición

Ex: The opposition parties formed a coalition to challenge the ruling party in the upcoming elections. 

Los partidos de la oposición formaron una coalición para desafiar al partido gobernante en las próximas elecciones.

propaganda
propaganda
[Sustantivo]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

propaganda

Ex: The documentary exposed how propaganda was used to manipulate public opinion. 

El documental expuso cómo se utilizó la propaganda para manipular la opinión pública.

to boycott
to boycott
[Verbo]

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

boicotear

boicotear

Ex: The consumers boycotted the company's products due to ethical concerns. 

Los consumidores boicotearon los productos de la empresa debido a preocupaciones éticas.

embargo
embargo
[Sustantivo]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

embargo

embargo

socialism
socialism
[Sustantivo]

an economic system in which the state owns and manages major resources, industries, or capital

socialismo

socialismo

Ex: Economists analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of socialism. 

Los economistas analizaron las ventajas y desventajas del socialismo.

capitalism
capitalism
[Sustantivo]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

capitalismo

capitalismo

Ex: Critics of capitalism argue that it leads to income inequality and exploitation of labor. 

Los críticos del capitalismo argumentan que conduce a la desigualdad de ingresos y a la explotación laboral.

patriotism
patriotism
[Sustantivo]

the feeling of love or devotion toward one's country, its values, culture, history, and interests

patriotismo

patriotismo

Ex: His deep patriotism was reflected in his commitment to learning and speaking the native language of his homeland, as he believed it was essential to preserve the linguistic heritage and cultural identity of his people. 

Su profundo patriotismo se reflejaba en su compromiso de aprender y hablar la lengua nativa de su patria, ya que creía que era esencial preservar el patrimonio lingüístico y la identidad cultural de su pueblo.

liberalism
liberalism
[Sustantivo]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalismo

liberalismo

Ex: Advocates of liberalism often push for gradual social reforms to address inequalities and enhance the welfare of all citizens. 

Los defensores del liberalismo a menudo abogan por reformas sociales graduales para abordar las desigualdades y mejorar el bienestar de todos los ciudadanos.

communism
communism
[Sustantivo]

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

comunismo

comunismo

Ex: Communist parties around the world vary in their approaches to achieving socialist goals through democratic means. 

Los partidos comunistas alrededor del mundo varían en sus enfoques para lograr objetivos socialistas a través de medios democráticos.

regulation
regulation
[Sustantivo]

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

regla, reglamento

regla, reglamento

Ex: Building regulations dictate the minimum safety standards for construction projects. 

Los reglamentos de construcción dictan los estándares mínimos de seguridad para los proyectos de construcción.

clause
clause
[Sustantivo]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

cláusula

cláusula

Ex: The insurance policy has a deductible clause, which outlines the amount the policyholder must pay out of pocket before the insurer covers the rest. 

La póliza de seguro tiene una cláusula de deducible, que describe la cantidad que el asegurado debe pagar de su bolsillo antes de que la aseguradora cubra el resto.

to revoke
to revoke
[Verbo]

to officially cancel or withdraw something, such as a law, a decision, a license, or a privilege

revocar

revocar

Ex: The judge decided to revoke the defendant's bail after they violated the conditions of their release. 

El juez decidió revocar la fianza del acusado después de que violara las condiciones de su liberación.

to legislate

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

legislar

legislar

Ex: In the coming years, governments around the world will need to legislate laws to address emerging technologies. 

En los próximos años, los gobiernos de todo el mundo necesitarán legislar leyes para abordar las tecnologías emergentes.

to regulate

to control or adjust something in a way that agrees with rules and regulations

regular

regular

Ex: Financial institutions are closely regulated to ensure stability and prevent fraud. 

Las instituciones financieras están estrechamente reguladas para garantizar la estabilidad y prevenir el fraude.

to enact
to enact
[Verbo]

to approve a proposed law

promulgar

promulgar

Ex: The city council will convene to discuss and possibly enact a zoning ordinance. 

El consejo municipal se reunirá para discutir y posiblemente promulgar una ordenanza de zonificación.

to censure
to censure
[Verbo]

to strongly criticize in an official manner

censurar

censurar

Ex: The committee voted to censure the member for not fulfilling their responsibilities. 

El comité votó para censurar al miembro por no cumplir con sus responsabilidades.

conservatism
conservatism
[Sustantivo]

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

conservadurismo

conservadurismo

Ex: Conservatism often opposes rapid social change and advocates for gradual reform. 

El conservadurismo a menudo se opone a los cambios sociales rápidos y aboga por una reforma gradual.

to legitimatize

to make something lawful, acceptable, or valid

legitimar, hacer legítimo

legitimar, hacer legítimo

Ex: The academic community aims to legitimize new theories through peer-reviewed research. 

La comunidad académica tiene como objetivo legitimar nuevas teorías a través de investigaciones revisadas por pares.

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