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Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 6-7) - Politika

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s politikou, která jsou nezbytná pro akademickou zkoušku IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
democracy
democracy
[Podstatné jméno]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

demokracie

demokracie

Ex: In a democracy, all citizens have the right to express their opinions freely and participate in decision-making processes. 
referendum
referendum
[Podstatné jméno]

a public vote in which people in a country or area decide or express their opinion on an important political or social question

referendum,  lidové hlasování

referendum, lidové hlasování

Ex: Campaigning intensified in the weeks before the referendum. 
federalism
federalism
[Podstatné jméno]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalismus

federalismus

Ex: The principles of federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government. 

Principy federalismu byly navrženy tak, aby chránily suverenitu jednotlivých států při zachování jednotné národní vlády.

regime
regime
[Podstatné jméno]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

režim, autoritativní vláda

režim, autoritativní vláda

Ex: The military regime remained in control for several years. 
ideology
ideology
[Podstatné jméno]

a system of beliefs or principles on which the views and actions of a group, society, or political organization are based

Ex: Daniel became interested in the ideology behind the organization. 
lobbyist
lobbyist
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who attempts to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

lobbista, vlivný agent

lobbista, vlivný agent

opposition
opposition
[Podstatné jméno]

the main political party opposed to the government

opozice

opozice

Ex: The opposition criticized the government's handling of the economic crisis. 
monarchy
monarchy
[Podstatné jméno]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

monarchie, království

monarchie, království

Ex: In a constitutional monarchy, the king or queen's powers are limited by law. 

V konstituční monarchii jsou pravomoci krále nebo královny omezeny zákonem.

constituency
constituency
[Podstatné jméno]

the people in a particular area who are represented by an elected member of a parliament or legislature

volební obvod,  voliči

volební obvod, voliči

Ex: The issue attracted considerable attention among the local constituency. 
faction
faction
[Podstatné jméno]

conflict or disagreement between opposing groups within an organization or community

Ex: She warned that continued faction could split the committee apart. 
ballot
ballot
[Podstatné jméno]

a document listing the options or candidates used in voting

hlasovací lístek, hlas

hlasovací lístek, hlas

Ex: Each ballot was checked for accuracy before distribution. 

Každý hlasovací lístek byl před distribucí zkontrolován na přesnost.

coalition
coalition
[Podstatné jméno]

an alliance of different groups, political parties, or countries formed to work together for a particular purpose

koalice,  aliance

koalice, aliance

Ex: The countries joined a coalition to coordinate their efforts. 
propaganda
propaganda
[Podstatné jméno]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

propaganda

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely. 
to boycott
to boycott
[sloveso]

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

bojkotovat, zúčastnit se bojkotu

bojkotovat, zúčastnit se bojkotu

Ex: The school boycotted the exam because of unfair grading policies. 

Škola bojkotovala zkoušku kvůli nespravedlivým klasifikačním politikám.

embargo
embargo
[Podstatné jméno]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

embargo, obchodní zákaz

embargo, obchodní zákaz

socialism
socialism
[Podstatné jméno]

an economic and political system in which major resources and means of production are owned or controlled collectively or publicly

socialismus

socialismus

Ex: Economists continue to debate how various forms of socialism organize production and ownership. 
capitalism
capitalism
[Podstatné jméno]

an economic system in which property and businesses are primarily privately owned and operated for profit

kapitalismus

kapitalismus

Ex: Sarah wrote an essay comparing capitalism with other economic systems. 
patriotism
patriotism
[Podstatné jméno]

the feeling of love or devotion toward one's country, its values, culture, history, and interests

vlastenectví

vlastenectví

Ex: John's unwavering patriotism led him to serve in the military, defending his country's values and freedoms. 

Johnova neochvějná vlastenectví ho vedla k službě v armádě, bránil hodnoty a svobody své země.

liberalism
liberalism
[Podstatné jméno]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalismus, liberální doktrína

liberalismus, liberální doktrína

Ex: Critics argue that liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups, but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone. 

Kritici tvrdí, že liberalismus může někdy přehlížet potřeby marginalizovaných skupin, ale jeho zastánci věří, že osobní svoboda a demokratické instituce nakonec prospívají všem.

communism
communism
[Podstatné jméno]

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

komunismus, komunistický systém

komunismus, komunistický systém

Ex: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of an era for state-controlled communism in Eastern Europe. 
regulation
regulation
[Podstatné jméno]

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

nařízení, regulace

nařízení, regulace

Ex: The new regulations require all vehicles to undergo emissions testing annually. 
clause
clause
[Podstatné jméno]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

klauzule, článek

klauzule, článek

Ex: The rental agreement includes a clause specifying the responsibilities of both the landlord and the tenant. 
to revoke
to revoke
[sloveso]

to officially cancel or withdraw something, such as a law, a decision, a license, or a privilege

zrušit, odvolat

zrušit, odvolat

Ex: The board of directors voted unanimously to revoke the CEO's authority following a series of financial scandals. 

Správní rada jednomyslně odhlasovala odvolání pravomocí generálního ředitele po sérii finančních skandálů.

to legislate
to legislate
[sloveso]

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

legislativně působit, přijímat zákony

legislativně působit, přijímat zákony

Ex: The parliament is set to legislate a minimum wage increase in the next session. 

Parlament je připraven přijmout zákon o zvýšení minimální mzdy v příštím zasedání.

to regulate
to regulate
[sloveso]

to control an activity or process by means of rules, laws, or official requirements

regulovat

regulovat

Ex: Local authorities regulate construction in protected areas. 
to enact
to enact
[sloveso]

to approve a proposed law

schválit, přijmout

schválit, přijmout

Ex: The government is currently enacting emergency measures in response to the crisis. 

Vláda v současné době schvaluje nouzová opatření v reakci na krizi.

to censure
to censure
[sloveso]

to strongly criticize in an official manner

kritizovat, pokárat

kritizovat, pokárat

Ex: The mayor was censured by the city council for his controversial remarks. 

Starosta byl pokárán městskou radou za své kontroverzní poznámky.

conservatism
conservatism
[Podstatné jméno]

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

konzervatismus

konzervatismus

Ex: Conservatism promotes a strong sense of community and social cohesion. 

Konzervatismus podporuje silný pocit komunity a sociální soudržnost.

to legitimatize

to make something lawful, acceptable, or valid

legitimizovat, učinit zákonným

legitimizovat, učinit zákonným

Ex: The court ruling helped legitimize the rights of marginalized communities, a decision that was celebrated by many. 

Rozhodnutí soudu pomohlo legitimizovat práva marginalizovaných komunit, rozhodnutí, které mnozí oslavovali.

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