Академічний IELTS (Рівень 6-7) - Politics

a system of government based on the vote of the public who choose their representatives periodically by free election

демократія

the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

референдум

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

федералізм

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

режим, авторитарний уряд

a set of beliefs or principles that guide a community or nation

ідеологія

someone who attempts to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

лобіст

the main political party opposed to the government

опозиція

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

монархія

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

виборчий округ, конституєнція

arguments and disagreements between small groups of people within a political party or an organization

фракція, група

a piece of paper on which a vote is written

бюлетень, виборчий лист

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

коаліція

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

пропаганда

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

бойкотувати, відмовлятись від

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

ембарго, торговий заборона

a political and economic principle in which main industries are controlled by the government and that wealth is equally divided among citizens

соціалізм

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

капіталізм

the feeling of love or devotion toward one's country, its values, culture, history, and interests

патріотизм, націоналізм

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

лібералізм

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

комунізм, комуністична система

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

регулювання

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

пункт

to officially cancel or withdraw something, such as a law, a decision, a license, or a privilege

скасувати, анулювати

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

законодавство

to control or adjust something in a way that agrees with rules and regulations

регулювати, налагоджувати

to approve a proposed law

ухвалити, прийняти

to strongly criticize in an official manner

осуджувати, критикувати

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

консерватизм, консервативні погляди

to make something lawful, acceptable, or valid

легітимізувати, узаконити