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Słownictwo do IELTS Academic (Wynik 6-7) - Polityka

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów związanych z Polityką, które są niezbędne do akademickiego egzaminu IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
democracy
democracy
[Rzeczownik]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

demokracja

demokracja

Ex: In a democracy, all citizens have the right to express their opinions freely and participate in decision-making processes. 
referendum
referendum
[Rzeczownik]

a public vote in which people in a country or area decide or express their opinion on an important political or social question

referendum,  głosowanie powszechne

referendum, głosowanie powszechne

Ex: Parliament approved a law allowing the issue to be decided by referendum. 
federalism
federalism
[Rzeczownik]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalizm

federalizm

Ex: Federalism can be seen as a way to accommodate the diverse needs and preferences of different regions within a country. 

Federalizm można postrzegać jako sposób na zaspokojenie różnorodnych potrzeb i preferencji różnych regionów w kraju.

regime
regime
[Rzeczownik]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

reżim, autorytarne rządy

reżim, autorytarne rządy

Ex: Many citizens fled the country after the regime took power. 
ideology
ideology
[Rzeczownik]

a system of beliefs or principles on which the views and actions of a group, society, or political organization are based

ideologia

ideologia

Ex: The two groups share some values despite having very different ideologies. 
lobbyist
lobbyist
[Rzeczownik]

someone who attempts to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

lobbysta, agent wpływu

lobbysta, agent wpływu

opposition
opposition
[Rzeczownik]

the main political party opposed to the government

opozycja

opozycja

Ex: The opposition criticized the government's handling of the economic crisis. 
monarchy
monarchy
[Rzeczownik]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

monarchia, królestwo

monarchia, królestwo

Ex: The monarchy was abolished in favor of a republic after a period of civil unrest. 

Monarchia została zniesiona na rzecz republiki po okresie zamieszek cywilnych.

constituency
constituency
[Rzeczownik]

the people in a particular area who are represented by an elected member of a parliament or legislature

Ex: The representative returned home to hear concerns from his constituency. 
faction
faction
[Rzeczownik]

conflict or disagreement between opposing groups within an organization or community

Ex: The movement suffered from faction and constant disputes among its members. 
ballot
ballot
[Rzeczownik]

a document listing the options or candidates used in voting

karta do głosowania, głos

karta do głosowania, głos

Ex: Election officials prepared the ballots in advance. 
coalition
coalition
[Rzeczownik]

an alliance of different groups, political parties, or countries formed to work together for a particular purpose

Ex: Negotiations began over the formation of a new governing coalition. 
propaganda
propaganda
[Rzeczownik]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

propaganda

Ex: Schools were targeted with propaganda to indoctrinate young minds with the party's ideology. 
to boycott
to boycott
[Czasownik]

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

bojkotować, uczestniczyć w bojkocie

bojkotować, uczestniczyć w bojkocie

Ex: Students planned to boycott classes to draw attention to the need for educational reforms. 

Studenci planowali bojkotować zajęcia, aby zwrócić uwagę na potrzebę reform edukacyjnych.

embargo
embargo
[Rzeczownik]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

embargo, zakaz handlowy

embargo, zakaz handlowy

socialism
socialism
[Rzeczownik]

an economic and political system in which major resources and means of production are owned or controlled collectively or publicly

socjalizm

socjalizm

Ex: The book examines the history of socialism in Europe. 
capitalism
capitalism
[Rzeczownik]

an economic system in which property and businesses are primarily privately owned and operated for profit

kapitalizm

kapitalizm

Ex: Private ownership is a central feature of capitalism. 
patriotism
patriotism
[Rzeczownik]

the feeling of love or devotion toward one's country, its values, culture, history, and interests

patriotyzm

patriotyzm

Ex: John's unwavering patriotism led him to serve in the military, defending his country's values and freedoms. 

Nieugięty patriotyzm Johna skłonił go do służby w wojsku, broniąc wartości i wolności swojego kraju.

liberalism
liberalism
[Rzeczownik]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalizm, doktryna liberalna

liberalizm, doktryna liberalna

Ex: Free trade is a cornerstone of liberalism, promoting open markets and economic cooperation between nations to foster global prosperity. 

Wolny handel jest kamieniem węgielnym liberalizmu, promującym otwarte rynki i współpracę gospodarczą między narodami w celu wspierania globalnego dobrobytu.

communism
communism
[Rzeczownik]

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

komunizm, system komunistyczny

komunizm, system komunistyczny

Ex: Marx and Engels outlined their vision of communism in "The Communist Manifesto" published in 1848. 

Marks i Engels nakreślili swoją wizję komunizmu w "Manifeście Komunistycznym" opublikowanym w 1848 roku.

regulation
regulation
[Rzeczownik]

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

przepis, regulacja

przepis, regulacja

Ex: The new regulations require all vehicles to undergo emissions testing annually. 
clause
clause
[Rzeczownik]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

klauzula, artykuł

klauzula, artykuł

Ex: The rental agreement includes a clause specifying the responsibilities of both the landlord and the tenant. 
to revoke
to revoke
[Czasownik]

to officially cancel or withdraw something, such as a law, a decision, a license, or a privilege

unieważnić, cofnąć

unieważnić, cofnąć

Ex: The judge decided to revoke the defendant's bail after they violated the conditions of their release. 

Sędzia zdecydował się cofnąć kaucję oskarżonego po tym, jak naruszył on warunki swojego zwolnienia.

to legislate
to legislate
[Czasownik]

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

ustanawiać prawo, legislować

ustanawiać prawo, legislować

Ex: The president promised to legislate reforms aimed at reducing income inequality. 

Prezydent obiecał uchwalić reformy mające na celu zmniejszenie nierówności dochodowych.

to regulate
to regulate
[Czasownik]

to control an activity or process by means of rules, laws, or official requirements

regulować

regulować

Ex: Emma studies the rules that regulate international trade. 
to enact
to enact
[Czasownik]

to approve a proposed law

uchwalać, zatwierdzać

uchwalać, zatwierdzać

Ex: Last year, the president successfully enacted a series of economic reforms. 

W zeszłym roku prezydent z powodzeniem uchwalił serię reform gospodarczych.

to censure
to censure
[Czasownik]

to strongly criticize in an official manner

ganić, krytykować

ganić, krytykować

Ex: The board decided to censure the politician for violating the ethical code. 

Zarząd postanowił zganić polityka za naruszenie kodeksu etycznego.

conservatism
conservatism
[Rzeczownik]

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

konserwatyzm

konserwatyzm

Ex: The candidate's conservatism appeals to voters concerned about preserving cultural heritage and religious values. 

Konserwatyzm kandydata przemawia do wyborców zaniepokojonych zachowaniem dziedzictwa kulturowego i wartości religijnych.

to legitimatize
to legitimatize
[Czasownik]

to make something lawful, acceptable, or valid

legitymizować, uczynić legalnym

legitymizować, uczynić legalnym

Ex: Diplomatic efforts were made to legitimize the peace agreement between the warring factions. 

Podjęto wysiłki dyplomatyczne, aby legitymizować porozumienie pokojowe między walczącymi frakcjami.

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