Akademicki IELTS (Pasmo 6-7) - Polityka

a system of government based on the vote of the public who choose their representatives periodically by free election

demokracja

the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

referendum

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalizm

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

reżim

a set of beliefs or principles that guide a community or nation

ideologia

someone who attempts to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

lobbysta

the main political party opposed to the government

strona przeciwna rządu

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

monarchia

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

okręg wyborczy

arguments and disagreements between small groups of people within a political party or an organization

odłam

a piece of paper on which a vote is written

balotować

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

koalicja

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

dezinformacja

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

bojkotować

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

a political and economic principle in which main industries are controlled by the government and that wealth is equally divided among citizens

socjalizm

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

kapitalizm

the feeling of love or devotion toward one's country, its values, culture, history, and interests

patriotyzm

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalizm

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

komunizm

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

zasada

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

klauzula prawna

to officially cancel or withdraw something, such as a law, a decision, a license, or a privilege

unieważnić

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

wprowadzać ustawodawstwo

to control or adjust something in a way that agrees with rules and regulations

regulować

to approve a proposed law

wprowadzać ustawodawstwo

to strongly criticize in an official manner

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

konserwatyzm

to make something lawful, acceptable, or valid

legitymizować