Akademicki IELTS (Pasmo 6-7) - Politics

a system of government based on the vote of the public who choose their representatives periodically by free election

demokracja

the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

referendum

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

federalizm

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

reżim, rząd autorytarny

a set of beliefs or principles that guide a community or nation

ideologia

someone who attempts to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

lobbysta

the main political party opposed to the government

opozycja, partia opozycyjna

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

monarchia

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

okręg wyborczy, konstytucja

arguments and disagreements between small groups of people within a political party or an organization

frakcja, grupa

a piece of paper on which a vote is written

kartka do głosowania, głos

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

koalicja

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

bojkotować, nie brać udziału w

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

embargo, zakaz handlu

a political and economic principle in which main industries are controlled by the government and that wealth is equally divided among citizens

socjalizm

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

kapitalizm

the feeling of love or devotion toward one's country, its values, culture, history, and interests

patriotyzm, nacjonalizm

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

liberalizm

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

komunizm, system komunistyczny

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

regulacja, przepis

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

klauzula, artykuł

to officially cancel or withdraw something, such as a law, a decision, a license, or a privilege

cofnąć, anulować

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

ustanawiać prawa

to control or adjust something in a way that agrees with rules and regulations

regulować, dostosować

to approve a proposed law

uchwalić, zatwierdzić

to strongly criticize in an official manner

cenzurować, krytykować

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

konserwatyzm, pogląd konserwatywny

to make something lawful, acceptable, or valid

legitymizować, walidować