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Словарный запас для IELTS Academic (Оценка 6-7) - Politics

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с политикой, которые необходимы для академического экзамена IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
democracy
democracy
[существительное]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

демократия

демократия

Ex: In a democracy, all citizens have the right to express their opinions freely and participate in decision-making processes. 
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referendum
referendum
[существительное]

a vote in which all the people of a country are asked to decide on one political question

референдум, народное голосование

референдум, народное голосование

Ex: Many people voted in the referendum. 
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federalism
federalism
[существительное]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

федерализм

федерализм

Ex: Federalism allows for a division of powers between the national government and state governments, promoting a balance of authority. 
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regime
regime
[существительное]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

режим, власть

режим, власть

Ex: The previous regime was known for its human rights violations. 
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ideology
ideology
[существительное]

a set of beliefs or principles that guide a community or nation

мировоззрение

мировоззрение

Ex: The nation's founding ideology emphasized freedom and equality for all. 
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lobbyist
lobbyist
[существительное]

someone who attempts to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

лоббист

лоббист

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opposition
opposition
[существительное]

the main political party opposed to the government

оппозиция

оппозиция

Ex: The opposition criticized the government's handling of the economic crisis. 
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monarchy
monarchy
[существительное]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

монархия

монархия

Ex: The monarchy has existed in the country for centuries, with the king serving as the head of state. 
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constituency
constituency
[существительное]

a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

избиратели округа

избиратели округа

Ex: The candidate promised to address the concerns of their entire constituency. 
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faction
faction
[существительное]

arguments and disagreements between small groups of people within a political party or an organization

фракция, разногласия

фракция, разногласия

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ballot
ballot
[существительное]

a document listing the options or candidates used in voting

бюллетень

бюллетень

Ex: Voters received their ballot at the polling station. 
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coalition
coalition
[существительное]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

коалиция

коалиция

Ex: The coalition government was formed by two major political parties to ensure stability and consensus on key policy issues. 
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propaganda
propaganda
[существительное]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

пропаганда

пропаганда

Ex: The regime used propaganda to control the narrative and maintain public support. 
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to boycott
to boycott
[глагол]

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

бойкотировать

бойкотировать

Ex: Many customers boycotted the store after its poor customer service. 
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embargo
embargo
[существительное]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

эмбарго

эмбарго

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socialism
socialism
[существительное]

an economic system in which the state owns and manages major resources, industries, or capital

социализм

социализм

Ex: Socialism ensures that public assets benefit the population. 
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capitalism
capitalism
[существительное]

an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

капитализм

капитализм

Ex: Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals and businesses own the means of production and operate for profit. 
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patriotism
patriotism
[существительное]

the feeling of love or devotion toward one's country, its values, culture, history, and interests

патриотизм, национализм

патриотизм, национализм

Ex: John's unwavering patriotism led him to serve in the military, defending his country's values and freedoms. 
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liberalism
liberalism
[существительное]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

либерализм

либерализм

Ex: Liberalism emphasizes the importance of individual rights and freedoms, advocating for a society where people can express their views openly. 
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communism
communism
[существительное]

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

коммунизм

коммунизм

Ex: Communism is a political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society where the means of production are owned collectively. 
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regulation
regulation
[существительное]

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

правило, регулирование

правило, регулирование

Ex: The new regulations require all vehicles to undergo emissions testing annually. 
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clause
clause
[существительное]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

статья, пункт

статья, пункт

Ex: The rental agreement includes a clause specifying the responsibilities of both the landlord and the tenant. 
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to revoke
to revoke
[глагол]

to officially cancel or withdraw something, such as a law, a decision, a license, or a privilege

отменять, аннулировать

отменять, аннулировать

Ex: The board of directors voted unanimously to revoke the CEO's authority following a series of financial scandals. 
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to legislate
to legislate
[глагол]

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

издавать закон

издавать закон

Ex: They are currently legislating new measures to address environmental concerns. 
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to regulate
to regulate
[глагол]

to control or adjust something in a way that agrees with rules and regulations

регулировать

регулировать

Ex: The government agency works to regulate environmental policies to protect natural resources. 
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to enact
to enact
[глагол]

to approve a proposed law

принять

принять

Ex: The legislature voted to enact new regulations governing environmental protection. 
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to censure
to censure
[глагол]

to strongly criticize in an official manner

порицать

порицать

Ex: The teacher had to censure a student who consistently disrupted the class. 
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conservatism
conservatism
[существительное]

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

консерватизм

консерватизм

Ex: Many voters align with conservatism due to its emphasis on preserving traditional values. 
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to legitimatize
to legitimatize
[глагол]

to make something lawful, acceptable, or valid

легитимизировать, делать законным

легитимизировать, делать законным

Ex: The government sought to legitimize the new law by obtaining approval from the legislature. 
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