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Vocabulaire pour l'IELTS Academic (Score 6-7) - Politique

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la politique qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen académique IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
democracy

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

démocratie

démocratie

Ex: The democracy allows citizens to participate in free and fair elections. 
referendum

a public vote in which people in a country or area decide or express their opinion on an important political or social question

référendum

référendum

Ex: Voters rejected the proposal in a national referendum. 
federalism

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

fédéralisme

fédéralisme

Ex: The United States Constitution established a system of federalism to ensure that no single entity held too much power. 

La Constitution des États-Unis a établi un système de fédéralisme pour s'assurer qu'aucune entité ne détienne trop de pouvoir.

regime
regime
[nom]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

régime

régime

Ex: The authoritarian regime imposed strict censorship on the media. 
ideology

a system of beliefs or principles on which the views and actions of a group, society, or political organization are based

idéologie

idéologie

Ex: Students compared the ideologies of several political movements. 
lobbyist

someone who attempts to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

lobbyiste

lobbyiste

opposition

the main political party opposed to the government

opposition

opposition

Ex: The leader of the opposition promised to hold the government accountable for its actions. 
monarchy

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

monarchie

monarchie

Ex: Some people argue that a monarchy provides stability, while others see it as outdated. 

Certaines personnes soutiennent qu'une monarchie offre de la stabilité, tandis que d'autres la considèrent comme dépassée.

constituency

the people in a particular area who are represented by an elected member of a parliament or legislature

électeurs

électeurs

Ex: Many people in the constituency attended the public meeting. 
faction
faction
[nom]

conflict or disagreement between opposing groups within an organization or community

faction

faction

Ex: The chairman tried to prevent personal rivalries from turning into faction. 
ballot
ballot
[nom]

a document listing the options or candidates used in voting

bulletin de vote

bulletin de vote

Ex: The ballot included several measures and propositions. 

Le bulletin de vote comprenait plusieurs mesures et propositions.

coalition

an alliance of different groups, political parties, or countries formed to work together for a particular purpose

coalition

coalition

Ex: Several community groups created a coalition to support the project. 
propaganda

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propagande

propagande

Ex: During the war, both sides spread propaganda to boost morale and demonize the enemy. 
to boycott
to boycott
[verbe]

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

boycotter

boycotter

Ex: The workers decided to boycott the company until fair wages were implemented. 

Les travailleurs ont décidé de boycotter l'entreprise jusqu'à ce que des salaires équitables soient mis en œuvre.

embargo
embargo
[nom]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

embargo

embargo

socialism

an economic and political system in which major resources and means of production are owned or controlled collectively or publicly

socialisme

socialisme

Ex: The course compares socialism with several other economic systems. 
capitalism

an economic system in which property and businesses are primarily privately owned and operated for profit

capitalisme

capitalisme

Ex: Daniel studied the development of capitalism during the Industrial Revolution. 
patriotism

the feeling of love or devotion toward one's country, its values, culture, history, and interests

patriotisme

patriotisme

Ex: Mary's patriotism was evident in her active participation in community service projects aimed at improving her country. 

Le patriotisme de Mary était évident dans sa participation active à des projets de service communautaire visant à améliorer son pays.

liberalism

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

libéralisme

libéralisme

Ex: The principles of liberalism support democratic governance, ensuring that power is distributed and checked through free and fair elections. 

Les principes du libéralisme soutiennent la gouvernance démocratique, garantissant que le pouvoir est distribué et contrôlé par des élections libres et équitables.

communism

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

communisme

communisme

Ex: The Soviet Union was one of the most prominent examples of a communist state during the 20th century. 
regulation

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

règle, regulations, réglementation

règle, regulations, réglementation

Ex: Financial regulations aim to ensure fair and transparent practices in the banking industry. 
clause
clause
[nom]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

clause

clause

Ex: The contract contains a confidentiality clause that prohibits the disclosure of sensitive information to third parties. 
to revoke
to revoke
[verbe]

to officially cancel or withdraw something, such as a law, a decision, a license, or a privilege

retirer, révoquer

retirer, révoquer

Ex: The government decided to revoke the controversial law due to public protests. 

Le gouvernement a décidé de révoquer la loi controversée en raison des protestations publiques.

to legislate

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

légiférer sur

légiférer sur

Ex: In 2005, the government legislated the ban on smoking in public places. 

En 2005, le gouvernement a légiféré l'interdiction de fumer dans les lieux publics.

to regulate

to control an activity or process by means of rules, laws, or official requirements

réglementer

réglementer

Ex: New laws regulate how companies handle personal data. 
to enact
to enact
[verbe]

to approve a proposed law

décréter

décréter

Ex: After much debate, the government decided to enact a law addressing cybercrime. 

Après de nombreux débats, le gouvernement a décidé de promulguer une loi pour lutter contre la cybercriminalité.

to censure
to censure
[verbe]

to strongly criticize in an official manner

censurer

censurer

Ex: The editorial in the newspaper was written to censure the company's questionable business practices. 

L'éditorial dans le journal a été écrit pour censurer les pratiques commerciales douteuses de l'entreprise.

conservatism

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

conservatisme

conservatisme

Ex: The politician's platform is rooted in conservatism, advocating for lower taxes and reduced government spending. 

La plateforme du politicien est enracinée dans le conservatisme, préconisant des impôts plus bas et une réduction des dépenses publiques.

to legitimatize

to make something lawful, acceptable, or valid

légitimer, rendre légitime

légitimer, rendre légitime

Ex: The company implemented measures to legitimize its operations and comply with industry regulations. 

L'entreprise a mis en œuvre des mesures pour légitimer ses opérations et se conformer aux réglementations du secteur.

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