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مفردات لاختبار IELTS Academic (الدرجة 6-7) - السياسة

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
democracy
democracy
[اسم]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

ديمقراطية

ديمقراطية

Ex: A functioning democracy ensures that all voices are heard through representation. 
referendum
referendum
[اسم]

a public vote in which people in a country or area decide or express their opinion on an important political or social question

استفتاء,  استفتاء عام

استفتاء, استفتاء عام

Ex: Campaigning intensified in the weeks before the referendum. 
federalism
federalism
[اسم]

a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

الفيدرالية

الفيدرالية

Ex: The principles of federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government. 

تم تصميم مبادئ الفيدرالية لحماية سيادة الدول الفردية مع الحفاظ على حكومة وطنية موحدة.

regime
regime
[اسم]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

نظام, حكومة استبدادية

نظام, حكومة استبدادية

Ex: The military regime remained in control for several years. 
ideology
ideology
[اسم]

a system of beliefs or principles on which the views and actions of a group, society, or political organization are based

أيديولوجيا,  فكر

أيديولوجيا, فكر

Ex: Daniel became interested in the ideology behind the organization. 
lobbyist
lobbyist
[اسم]

someone who attempts to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

ضاغط, لوبيست

ضاغط, لوبيست

opposition
opposition
[اسم]

the main political party opposed to the government

المعارضة

المعارضة

Ex: The opposition gained significant support following the recent scandal involving the ruling party. 
monarchy
monarchy
[اسم]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

الملكية, المملكة

الملكية, المملكة

Ex: In a constitutional monarchy, the king or queen's powers are limited by law. 

في الملكية الدستورية، سلطات الملك أو الملكة محدودة بالقانون.

constituency
constituency
[اسم]

the people in a particular area who are represented by an elected member of a parliament or legislature

Ex: The issue attracted considerable attention among the local constituency. 
faction
faction
[اسم]

conflict or disagreement between opposing groups within an organization or community

تحزب, انقسام

تحزب, انقسام

Ex: She warned that continued faction could split the committee apart. 
ballot
ballot
[اسم]

a document listing the options or candidates used in voting

ورقة الاقتراع, صوت

ورقة الاقتراع, صوت

Ex: Each ballot was checked for accuracy before distribution. 
coalition
coalition
[اسم]

an alliance of different groups, political parties, or countries formed to work together for a particular purpose

تحالف,  ائتلاف

تحالف, ائتلاف

Ex: The countries joined a coalition to coordinate their efforts. 
propaganda
propaganda
[اسم]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

دعاية

دعاية

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely. 
to boycott
to boycott
[فعل]

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

يقاطع, يشارك في المقاطعة

يقاطع, يشارك في المقاطعة

Ex: The school boycotted the exam because of unfair grading policies. 

قاطع المدرسة الامتحان بسبب سياسات التقييم غير العادلة.

embargo
embargo
[اسم]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

حظر, حظر تجاري

حظر, حظر تجاري

socialism
socialism
[اسم]

an economic and political system in which major resources and means of production are owned or controlled collectively or publicly

الاشتراكية

الاشتراكية

Ex: Economists continue to debate how various forms of socialism organize production and ownership. 
capitalism
capitalism
[اسم]

an economic system in which property and businesses are primarily privately owned and operated for profit

الرأسمالية

الرأسمالية

Ex: Sarah wrote an essay comparing capitalism with other economic systems. 
patriotism
patriotism
[اسم]

the feeling of love or devotion toward one's country, its values, culture, history, and interests

الوطنية

الوطنية

Ex: John's unwavering patriotism led him to serve in the military, defending his country's values and freedoms. 

قاد الوطنية الثابتة لجون إلى الخدمة في الجيش، مدافعًا عن قيم وحريات بلاده.

liberalism
liberalism
[اسم]

the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

الليبرالية, المذهب الليبرالي

الليبرالية, المذهب الليبرالي

Ex: Critics argue that liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups, but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone. 

يجادل النقاد بأن الليبرالية يمكن أن تتجاهل أحيانًا احتياجات المجموعات المهمشة، لكن مؤيديها يعتقدون أن الحرية الشخصية والمؤسسات الديمقراطية تفيد الجميع في النهاية.

communism
communism
[اسم]

a political system in which the government controls all industry, every citizen is equally treated, and private ownership does not exist

الشيوعية, النظام الشيوعي

الشيوعية, النظام الشيوعي

Ex: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of an era for state-controlled communism in Eastern Europe. 
regulation
regulation
[اسم]

a rule made by the government, an authority, etc. to control or govern something within a particular area

تنظيم, لوائح

تنظيم, لوائح

Ex: The airline industry is subject to strict regulations regarding passenger safety and security. 
clause
clause
[اسم]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

بند, فقرة

بند, فقرة

Ex: The employment contract includes a non-compete clause preventing the employee from working for a competitor for a certain period after leaving the company. 
to revoke
to revoke
[فعل]

to officially cancel or withdraw something, such as a law, a decision, a license, or a privilege

إلغاء, سحب

إلغاء, سحب

Ex: The government decided to revoke the controversial law due to public protests. 

قررت الحكومة إلغاء القانون المثير للجدل بسبب الاحتجاجات العامة.

to legislate
to legislate
[فعل]

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

تشريع, سن القوانين

تشريع, سن القوانين

Ex: The parliament is set to legislate a minimum wage increase in the next session. 

البرلمان على وشك تشريع زيادة في الحد الأدنى للأجور في الدورة المقبلة.

to regulate
to regulate
[فعل]

to control an activity or process by means of rules, laws, or official requirements

ينظم

ينظم

Ex: Local authorities regulate construction in protected areas. 
to enact
to enact
[فعل]

to approve a proposed law

يقر, يصادق

يقر, يصادق

Ex: The government is currently enacting emergency measures in response to the crisis. 

الحكومة تقوم حالياً بإقرار إجراءات طارئة استجابة للأزمة.

to censure
to censure
[فعل]

to strongly criticize in an official manner

يستنكر, يوبخ

يستنكر, يوبخ

Ex: The mayor was censured by the city council for his controversial remarks. 

تم توبيخ العمدة من قبل مجلس المدينة لتصريحاته المثيرة للجدل.

conservatism
conservatism
[اسم]

a political belief with an inclination to keep the traditional values in a society by avoiding changes

المحافظة

المحافظة

Ex: Conservatism promotes a strong sense of community and social cohesion. 

المحافظة تعزز شعورًا قويًا بالمجتمع والتماسك الاجتماعي.

to legitimatize

to make something lawful, acceptable, or valid

شرعنة, جعل شيئا قانونيا

شرعنة, جعل شيئا قانونيا

Ex: The court ruling helped legitimize the rights of marginalized communities, a decision that was celebrated by many. 

ساعد حكم المحكمة في إضفاء الشرعية على حقوق المجتمعات المهمشة، وهو قرار احتفل به الكثيرون.

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