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Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le GRE - L'Anatomie

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur l'anatomie, tels que "intestin", "diaphragme", "trachée", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
anatomy
anatomy
[nom]

the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants

anatomie

anatomie

Ex: Anatomy is a fundamental subject for students pursuing careers in medicine and biology. 

Anatomie est une matière fondamentale pour les étudiants poursuivant des carrières en médecine et en biologie.

torso
torso
[nom]

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

torse

torse

Ex: She wrapped her arms around his torso, feeling the warmth of his body against hers. 

Elle enroula ses bras autour de son torse, ressentant la chaleur de son corps contre le sien.

vertebra

(anatomy) any of the bony segments and cartilages of the spinal column

vertèbre

vertèbre

Ex: The vertebra are stacked on top of each other, separated by intervertebral discs. 

Les vertèbres sont empilées les unes sur les autres, séparées par des disques intervertébraux.

artery
artery
[nom]

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

artère

artère

Ex: The walls of arteries are thicker and more muscular compared to veins, allowing them to withstand the high pressure of blood pumped by the heart. 

Les parois des artères sont plus épaisses et plus musclées que celles des veines, ce qui leur permet de résister à la haute pression du sang pompé par le cœur.

tissue
tissue
[nom]

a group of similar cells that work together to form a particular part of a human, animal, or plant

tissu

tissu

Ex: The surgeon removed a small sample of tissue for testing. 
spinal cord

the inner part of the spine containing a mass of nerves that connects the brain to almost all the body parts

moelle spinale

moelle spinale

Ex: Nerve impulses travel along the spinal cord to control voluntary and involuntary functions. 

Les impulsions nerveuses voyagent le long de la moelle épinière pour contrôler les fonctions volontaires et involontaires.

ribcage
ribcage
[nom]

(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity

cage thoracique

cage thoracique

cranium
cranium
[nom]

(anatomy) the bone structure that surrounds and protects the brain

crâne, boîte crânienne

crâne, boîte crânienne

Ex: Skull fractures can occur if there is a severe impact to the cranium. 

Les fractures du crâne peuvent survenir en cas d'impact sévère sur le crâne.

cortex
cortex
[nom]

(anatomy) the outer layer of the anterior part of the brain, called cerebrum, containing gray matter

cortex

cortex

Ex: The prefrontal cortex, located in the frontal lobe, plays a key role in decision-making, impulse control, and social behavior. 

Le cortex préfrontal, situé dans le lobe frontal, joue un rôle clé dans la prise de décision, le contrôle des impulsions et le comportement social.

brow
brow
[nom]

the part in someone's face that is below the hair and above the eyes

front

front

Ex: He wiped the sweat from his brow after completing the marathon. 
womb
womb
[nom]

the part of the body of a woman or female mammal where the baby develops before birth

utérus, ventre

utérus, ventre

Ex: The doctor performed an ultrasound to monitor the growth and development of the baby in the womb. 

Le médecin a effectué une échographie pour surveiller la croissance et le développement du bébé dans l'utérus.

uterus
uterus
[nom]

(anatomy) the organ in the female body where the fetus is conceived and grown before being born

utérus

utérus

Ex: Endometrial tissue lines the uterus and sheds during menstruation. 

Le tissu endométrial tapisse l'utérus et se desquame pendant les menstruations.

shin
shin
[nom]

the front part of the leg that is between the foot and the knee

tibia

tibia

Ex: Ice packs can reduce swelling and pain in a bruised shin. 

Les poches de glace peuvent réduire le gonflement et la douleur dans un tibia meurtri.

biceps
biceps
[nom]

the large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm

biceps

biceps

Ex: Weightlifting exercises can build and tone the biceps. 

Les exercices de musculation peuvent développer et tonifier les biceps.

armpit
armpit
[nom]

the part under the shoulder that is hollow

aisselle

aisselle

Ex: She felt self-conscious about her armpits, worried about the appearance of darkened skin in that area. 

Elle se sentait complexée par ses aisselles, inquiète de l'apparence de la peau assombrie dans cette zone.

eardrum
eardrum
[nom]

a thin piece of skin in the middle ear that vibrates by sound waves and enables one to hear sounds, also known as tympanic membrane

tympan

tympan

Ex: Infections or trauma to the eardrum can cause pain, hearing loss, and fluid accumulation in the middle ear. 

Les infections ou les traumatismes du tympan peuvent provoquer des douleurs, une perte auditive et une accumulation de liquide dans l'oreille moyenne.

pharynx
pharynx
[nom]

(anatomy) the passage in the throat that connects the mouth to the gullet

pharynx

pharynx

Ex: Infections can cause sore throat and inflammation of the pharynx. 

Les infections peuvent provoquer des maux de gorge et une inflammation du pharynx.

trachea
trachea
[nom]

(anatomy) the membranous tube in the body that carries air from the throat to the bronchi

trachée

trachée

Ex: Coughing helps to clear the trachea of mucus and foreign particles, keeping the airway clear for breathing. 

La toux aide à dégager la trachée du mucus et des particules étrangères, maintenant les voies respiratoires dégagées pour la respiration.

saliva
saliva
[nom]

the liquid produced in the mouth to make chewing and swallowing easier and to prepare food for digestion

salive

salive

Ex: The dentist noted a decrease in saliva production, which could lead to dry mouth and dental issues. 
phlegm
phlegm
[nom]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

flegme

flegme

Ex: Drinking plenty of fluids can help to thin out phlegm, making it easier to expel from the respiratory tract. 

Boire beaucoup de liquides peut aider à fluidifier le mucus, ce qui facilite son expulsion des voies respiratoires.

enamel
enamel
[nom]

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

émail

émail

Ex: Acidic foods and drinks can erode tooth enamel over time, leading to tooth sensitivity and cavities. 

Les aliments et boissons acides peuvent éroder l'émail dentaire avec le temps, entraînant une sensibilité dentaire et des caries.

respiration

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

respiration

respiration

Ex: The diaphragm plays a crucial role in the process of respiration, contracting and relaxing to facilitate breathing. 

Le diaphragme joue un rôle crucial dans le processus de respiration, se contractant et se relaxant pour faciliter la respiration.

retina
retina
[nom]

(anatomy) the sensory membrane at the back of the eye that transmits light signals to the brain through optic nerves

rétine

rétine

Ex: Light-sensitive cells in the retina, known as rods and cones, convert light energy into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve. 

Les cellules photosensibles de la rétine, appelées bâtonnets et cônes, convertissent l'énergie lumineuse en signaux électriques qui sont transmis au cerveau via le nerf optique.

cornea
cornea
[nom]

(anatomy) the transparent layer that covers the outside of the eyeball

cornée

cornée

Ex: Contact lenses sit on the surface of the cornea, providing vision correction for individuals with refractive errors. 

Les lentilles de contact reposent à la surface de la cornée, offrant une correction de la vision pour les personnes atteintes de troubles de la réfraction.

pupil
pupil
[nom]

(anatomy) the small round black area in the center of the eye, through which light enters

pupille

pupille

Ex: In bright light, the pupil constricts to reduce the amount of light entering the eye. 
renal
renal
[Adjectif]

relating to the kidneys or their function

rénal

rénal

Ex: A diet low in sodium can help prevent renal damage. 

Un régime pauvre en sodium peut aider à prévenir les dommages rénaux.

abdomen
abdomen
[nom]

the lower part of the body below the chest that contains the digestive and reproductive organs

abdomen

abdomen

Ex: She felt a fluttering sensation in her abdomen, a telltale sign of nervousness before her big presentation. 

Elle a ressenti une sensation de palpitation dans son abdomen, un signe révélateur de nervosité avant sa grande présentation.

diaphragm

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

diaphragme

diaphragme

Ex: Singers train to use the diaphragm effectively for breath support. 

Les chanteurs s'entraînent à utiliser le diaphragme efficacement pour le soutien respiratoire.

pancreas

a large gland in the body that produces insulin and glucagon and substances that help the body digest food

pancréas

pancréas

Ex: The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that are released into the small intestine to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. 

Le pancréas produit des enzymes digestives qui sont libérées dans l'intestin grêle pour décomposer les glucides, les protéines et les graisses.

spleen
spleen
[nom]

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

rate

rate

Ex: The spleen plays a crucial role in filtering blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells, and helping to fight infections. 

La rate joue un rôle crucial dans la filtration du sang, l'élimination des globules rouges vieux ou endommagés et la lutte contre les infections.

pelvis
pelvis
[nom]

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

pelvis

pelvis

Ex: The pelvis provides support for the spine and connects the upper body to the lower limbs, serving as the foundation for posture and movement. 

Le bassin fournit un soutien à la colonne vertébrale et relie le haut du corps aux membres inférieurs, servant de fondation pour la posture et le mouvement.

appendix

a small, narrow tube attached to the beginning of the large intestine

appendice

appendice

Ex: The surgeon removed Daniel's inflamed appendix. 
bladder
bladder
[nom]

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

vessie

vessie

Ex: The doctor examined the patient for bladder infections. 

Le médecin a examiné le patient pour des infections de la vessie.

bowel
bowel
[nom]

the intestine, especially the lower part of the digestive tract through which waste passes before leaving the body

intestin

intestin

Ex: Daniel had surgery to remove a damaged section of bowel. 
bone marrow

the soft substance that fills the cavities of bones, which is either yellowish and consists of fat cells or reddish and makes blood cells

moelle osseuse

moelle osseuse

Ex: Red bone marrow, located in the flat bones and the ends of long bones, produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. 

La moelle osseuse rouge, située dans les os plats et les extrémités des os longs, produit des globules rouges, des globules blancs et des plaquettes.

tendon
tendon
[nom]

(anatomy) an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

tendon

tendon

Ex: Achilles tendonitis is a common condition affecting the Achilles tendon. 

La tendinite d'Achille est une affection courante affectant le tendon d'Achille.

cartilage

an elastic tissue that supports or connects joints in an infant and turns into skeleton during growth

cartilage

cartilage

Ex: The nose and ears are supported by cartilage rather than bone. 

Le nez et les oreilles sont soutenus par du cartilage plutôt que par des os.

antibody

a protein produced by the immune system that recognizes and helps neutralize harmful substances such as bacteria and viruses

anticorps

anticorps

Ex: Blood tests can detect antibodies against the virus. 
gland
gland
[nom]

an organ in the body that produces certain chemical substances to be used in the body or to be discharged into the surroundings

glans

glans

Ex: The salivary glands produce saliva, which aids in the digestion of food. 

Les glandes salivaires produisent de la salive, qui aide à la digestion des aliments.

bile
bile
[nom]

a bitter fluid produced by the liver that helps the body digest and absorb fats

bile

bile

Ex: The body releases bile into the small intestine during digestion. 
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