GRE必备词汇 - 人体解剖学

the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants

解剖学

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

躯干

(anatomy) any of the bony segments and cartilages of the spinal column

椎骨

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

动脉

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

组织, 肌肉组织

the inner part of the spine containing a mass of nerves that connects the brain to almost all the body parts

脊髓, 脊柱髓

(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity

胸腔, 肋骨架

(anatomy) the bone structure that surrounds and protects the brain

颅骨, 头骨

(anatomy) the outer layer of the anterior part of the brain, called cerebrum, containing gray matter

大脑皮层, 皮层

the part in someone's face that is below the hair and above the eyes

额头, 眉毛

the part of the body of a woman or female mammal where the baby develops before birth

子宫, 怀孕

(anatomy) the organ in the female body where the fetus is conceived and grown before being born

子宫

the front part of the leg that is between the foot and the knee

小腿, shin

the large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm

肱二头肌, 二头肌

the part under the shoulder that is hollow

腋窝

a thin piece of skin in the middle ear that vibrates by sound waves and enables one to hear sounds, also known as tympanic membrane

耳膜, 鼓膜

(anatomy) the passage in the throat that connects the mouth to the gullet

咽部

(anatomy) the membranous tube in the body that carries air from the throat to the bronchi

气管

the liquid produced in the mouth to make chewing and swallowing easier and to prepare food for digestion

唾液

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

痰, 粘液

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

牙釉质, 釉质

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

呼吸, 呼吸过程

(anatomy) the sensory membrane at the back of the eye that transmits light signals to the brain through optic nerves

视网膜

(anatomy) the transparent layer that covers the outside of the eyeball

角膜

(anatomy) the small round black area in the center of the eye, through which light enters

瞳孔

relating to the kidneys or their function

肾的, 肾脏的

the lower part of the body below the chest that contains the digestive and reproductive organs

腹部, 腹腔

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

隔膜

a large gland in the body that produces insulin and glucagon and substances that help the body digest food

胰腺, 胰腺分泌腺

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

脾脏, 脾器官

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

骨盆, pelvis

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

阑尾

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

膀胱, 尿囊

(usually plural) the tube in the body through which digested food passes from the stomach to the anus

肠, 肠道

the soft substance that fills the cavities of bones, which is either yellowish and consists of fat cells or reddish and makes blood cells

骨髓

(anatomy) an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

腱

an elastic tissue that supports or connects joints in an infant and turns into skeleton during growth

软骨

a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body

抗体, 免疫蛋白

an organ in the body that produces certain chemical substances to be used in the body or to be discharged into the surroundings

腺, 腺体器官

a greenish-brown alkaline fluid that is produced by the liver in order to help the body digest fats

胆汁