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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro GRE - Anatomie lidského těla

Zde se dozvíte některá anglická slovíčka o anatomii, jako např. „bowel“, „diaphragm“, „trachea“ atd., která jsou potřebná ke zkoušce GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
anatomy
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants

anatomie, anatomika

anatomie, anatomika

Ex: His research in comparative anatomy helped explain evolutionary relationships among species.
torso
[Podstatné jméno]

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

torzo, trup

torzo, trup

Ex: The yoga instructor led the class in a series of poses to strengthen the muscles of torso and improve core stability .
vertebra
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) any of the bony segments and cartilages of the spinal column

obratel, obratle

obratel, obratle

Ex: The human spine consists of vertebra, including the coccyx and sacrum .
artery
[Podstatné jméno]

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

tepna, artérie

tepna, artérie

Ex: Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to various parts of the body .
tissue
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

tkáň, přenášená látka

tkáň, přenášená látka

Ex: Adipose tissue , commonly known as tissue, stores energy and cushions organs in the body .
spinal cord
[Podstatné jméno]

the inner part of the spine containing a mass of nerves that connects the brain to almost all the body parts

mícha, míchy

mícha, míchy

Ex: The brainstem connects to spinal cord and regulates basic bodily functions .
ribcage
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity

hrudní koš, žebro

hrudní koš, žebro

cranium
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the bone structure that surrounds and protects the brain

lebka, kosti lební

lebka, kosti lební

Ex: cranium is essential for maintaining the shape and structure of the head .
cortex
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the outer layer of the anterior part of the brain, called cerebrum, containing gray matter

kůra (mozková), kortex

kůra (mozková), kortex

Ex: The cortex, located in the parietal lobe , receives and processes sensory information from the skin , muscles , and joints .
brow
[Podstatné jméno]

the part in someone's face that is below the hair and above the eyes

čelo, přední část hlavy

čelo, přední část hlavy

Ex: Sunglasses can protect the eyes from sun glare and shield brow.
womb
[Podstatné jméno]

the part of the body of a woman or female mammal where the baby develops before birth

děloha, lůno

děloha, lůno

Ex: The mother sang lullabies to her unborn child , hoping to soothe and comfort them within womb.
uterus
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the organ in the female body where the fetus is conceived and grown before being born

děloha, uterus

děloha, uterus

Ex: uterus is held in place by ligaments and pelvic floor muscles .
shin
[Podstatné jméno]

the front part of the leg that is between the foot and the knee

holeň, lýtko

holeň, lýtko

Ex: The doctor examined the patient 's shin and recommended ice and rest .
biceps
[Podstatné jméno]

the large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm

biceps, bicepsový sval

biceps, bicepsový sval

Ex: Swelling and pain in biceps can result from overuse or injury .
armpit
[Podstatné jméno]

the part under the shoulder that is hollow

podpaží, podbřišek

podpaží, podbřišek

Ex: The shirt had stains under armpits from excessive sweating .
eardrum
[Podstatné jméno]

a thin piece of skin in the middle ear that vibrates by sound waves and enables one to hear sounds, also known as tympanic membrane

bubínek, tympan

bubínek, tympan

Ex: Pressure changes during air travel can sometimes cause discomfort or pain in the ears due to unequal pressure on eardrums.
pharynx
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the passage in the throat that connects the mouth to the gullet

hltan, pharynx

hltan, pharynx

Ex: Doctors use a lighted instrument to examine pharynx during a throat examination .
trachea
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the membranous tube in the body that carries air from the throat to the bronchi

průdušnice, trachea

průdušnice, trachea

Ex: Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure in which a hole is created in trachea to bypass an obstruction or assist with breathing .
saliva
[Podstatné jméno]

the liquid produced in the mouth to make chewing and swallowing easier and to prepare food for digestion

slina, slin

slina, slin

Ex: The forensic scientist saliva samples from the crime scene to extract DNA evidence .
phlegm
[Podstatné jméno]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

hlen, sputum

hlen, sputum

Ex: Over-the-counter medications may help to phlegm production and alleviate symptoms of congestion and coughing .
enamel
[Podstatné jméno]

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

sklovina, zubní sklovina

sklovina, zubní sklovina

Ex: Enamel can be damaged by excessive brushing, grinding teeth, or trauma to the mouth.
respiration
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

dýchání, respirace

dýchání, respirace

Ex: Infants exhibit respiration rates compared to adults , reflecting their developing respiratory systems .
retina
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the sensory membrane at the back of the eye that transmits light signals to the brain through optic nerves

sítnice, retina

sítnice, retina

Ex: retina undergoes continuous renewal , with photoreceptor cells being replaced throughout a person 's life .
cornea
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the transparent layer that covers the outside of the eyeball

rohovka, rohovkové pouzdro

rohovka, rohovkové pouzdro

Ex: Corneal transplantation, also known as a corneal graft, may be necessary to restore vision in cases of severe corneal damage or disease.
pupil
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the small round black area in the center of the eye, through which light enters

zornice, pupil

zornice, pupil

Ex: The photographer adjusted the camera settings to capture the reflection of light in the modelpupils.
renal
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the kidneys or their function

renální, ledvinový

renální, ledvinový

Ex: Renal health is vital for maintaining proper fluid balance and filtering waste from the body .
abdomen
[Podstatné jméno]

the lower part of the body below the chest that contains the digestive and reproductive organs

břicho, břichní část

břicho, břichní část

Ex: She engaged her core muscles , feeling a slight burn in abdomen as she completed another set of crunches .
diaphragm
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

bráno, přepážka

bráno, přepážka

Ex: Contraction of diaphragm allows air into the lungs during inhalation .
pancreas
[Podstatné jméno]

a large gland in the body that produces insulin and glucagon and substances that help the body digest food

pankreas, slinivka břišní

pankreas, slinivka břišní

Ex: The islets of Langerhans within pancreas contain beta cells that produce insulin , essential for glucose metabolism and energy production in the body .
spleen
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

slezina, slezinová žláza

slezina, slezinová žláza

Ex: spleen also serves as a reservoir for platelets and white blood cells , releasing them into circulation as needed to support the immune response .
pelvis
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

pánev, pelvis

pánev, pelvis

Ex: pelvis is a key component of the human skeletal system , providing support and protection to internal organs .
appendix
[Podstatné jméno]

a sack of tissue that is attached to the large intestine and is surgically removed if infected

apendix, červovitý výběžek

apendix, červovitý výběžek

Ex: Appendicitis is inflammation of appendix and requires surgical removal .
bladder
[Podstatné jméno]

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

močový měchýř, měchýř

močový měchýř, měchýř

Ex: The ultrasound showed that bladder was functioning normally .
bowel
[Podstatné jméno]

(usually plural) the tube in the body through which digested food passes from the stomach to the anus

střevo, střevní trakt

střevo, střevní trakt

Ex: A healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables supports bowel function .
bone marrow
[Podstatné jméno]

the soft substance that fills the cavities of bones, which is either yellowish and consists of fat cells or reddish and makes blood cells

kostní dřeň, dřeň kosti

kostní dřeň, dřeň kosti

Ex: Diseases such as leukemia and multiple myeloma can affect the production of blood cells in bone marrow, leading to serious health complications .
tendon
[Podstatné jméno]

(anatomy) an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

šlacha, tendin

šlacha, tendin

Ex: Tendons are composed primarily of collagen fibers .
cartilage
[Podstatné jméno]

an elastic tissue that supports or connects joints in an infant and turns into skeleton during growth

chrupavka, chrupavčitá tkáň

chrupavka, chrupavčitá tkáň

Ex: Chondrocytes are cells responsible for producing and cartilage.
antibody
[Podstatné jméno]

a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body

protilátka, imunoglobulin

protilátka, imunoglobulin

Ex: Drugs that weaken your immune system can antibody levels .
gland
[Podstatné jméno]

an organ in the body that produces certain chemical substances to be used in the body or to be discharged into the surroundings

žláza, orgán v těle

žláza, orgán v těle

Ex: The doctor prescribed medication to stimulate the production of insulin by the gland in the patient with diabetes .
bile
[Podstatné jméno]

a greenish-brown alkaline fluid that is produced by the liver in order to help the body digest fats

žluč, žlučovina

žluč, žlučovina

Ex: After a fatty meal , the gallbladder contracts , bile into the duodenum to facilitate the digestion and absorption of dietary fats .
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