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Nödvändigt Ordförråd för GRE - Människokroppens Anatomi

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord om anatomi, såsom "tarm", "mellangärde", "luftstrupe" etc., som behövs för GRE-provet.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
anatomy
anatomy
[Substantiv]

the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants

anatomi

anatomi

Ex: His research in comparative anatomy helped explain evolutionary relationships among species. 

Hans forskning i jämförande anatomi hjälpte till att förklara de evolutionära sambanden mellan arter.

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torso
torso
[Substantiv]

the upper part of the human body, excluding the arms and the head

torso, överkropp

torso, överkropp

Ex: He flexed his abdominal muscles, revealing a defined torso sculpted from years of dedicated training. 

Han spände sina bukmuskler och avslöjade en definierad överkropp som formats av år av hängiven träning.

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vertebra
vertebra
[Substantiv]

(anatomy) any of the bony segments and cartilages of the spinal column

kota, ryggradssegment

kota, ryggradssegment

Ex: Osteoporosis can weaken the vertebrae, leading to compression fractures. 

Osteoporos kan försvaga kotor, vilket leder till kompressionsfrakturer.

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artery
artery
[Substantiv]

any blood vessel, carrying the blood to different organs of body from the heart

artär, blodkärl

artär, blodkärl

Ex: Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. 

Artärer är blodkärl som transporterar syrerikt blod från hjärtat till olika delar av kroppen.

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tissue
tissue
[Substantiv]

a group of similar cells that work together to form a particular part of a human, animal, or plant

vävnad,  biologisk vävnad

vävnad, biologisk vävnad

Ex: Scar tissue formed around the old wound. 
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spinal cord
spinal cord
[Substantiv]

the inner part of the spine containing a mass of nerves that connects the brain to almost all the body parts

ryggmärg, spinal cord

ryggmärg, spinal cord

Ex: Spinal cord injuries require immediate medical attention to prevent further damage. 

Skador på ryggmärgen kräver omedelbar medicinsk uppmärksamhet för att förhindra ytterligare skador.

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ribcage
ribcage
[Substantiv]

(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity

bröstkorg, thorax

bröstkorg, thorax

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cranium
cranium
[Substantiv]

(anatomy) the bone structure that surrounds and protects the brain

kranium, skalle

kranium, skalle

Ex: Helmets are designed to protect the cranium during sports and activities. 

Hjälmar är designade för att skydda kraniet under sport och aktiviteter.

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cortex
cortex
[Substantiv]

(anatomy) the outer layer of the anterior part of the brain, called cerebrum, containing gray matter

bark, hjärnbark

bark, hjärnbark

Ex: The visual cortex, located in the occipital lobe, processes visual information received from the eyes. 

Den visuella hjärnbarken, som ligger i occipitalloben, bearbetar visuell information som tas emot från ögonen.

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brow
brow
[Substantiv]

the part in someone's face that is below the hair and above the eyes

panna, ögonbryn

panna, ögonbryn

Ex: Furrowing the brow can indicate concentration or concern. 
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womb
womb
[Substantiv]

the part of the body of a woman or female mammal where the baby develops before birth

livmoder, sköte

livmoder, sköte

Ex: The surrogate mother carried the couple's embryo in her womb, eagerly anticipating the arrival of their child. 

Surrogatmamman bar parets embryo i sin livmoder, ivrigt väntande på deras barns ankomst.

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uterus
uterus
[Substantiv]

(anatomy) the organ in the female body where the fetus is conceived and grown before being born

livmoder

livmoder

Ex: Fibroids are benign growths that can develop in the uterus. 

Myom är godartade tillväxter som kan utvecklas i livmodern.

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shin
shin
[Substantiv]

the front part of the leg that is between the foot and the knee

skinneben, smalben

skinneben, smalben

Ex: Athletes often protect their shins with shin guards during contact sports. 

Idrottare skyddar ofta sina skenben med skenbensskydd under kontaktsporter.

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biceps
biceps
[Substantiv]

the large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm

biceps

biceps

Ex: Bicep curls target the biceps and help improve arm strength. 

Bicepscurls riktar in sig på biceps och hjälper till att förbättra armstyrkan.

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armpit
armpit
[Substantiv]

the part under the shoulder that is hollow

armhåla, armhåla

armhåla, armhåla

Ex: He applied deodorant to his armpit before heading out. 

Han applicerade deodorant under sin armhåla innan han gick ut.

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eardrum
eardrum
[Substantiv]

a thin piece of skin in the middle ear that vibrates by sound waves and enables one to hear sounds, also known as tympanic membrane

trumhinna, tympanisk membran

trumhinna, tympanisk membran

Ex: A perforated eardrum, or tympanic membrane rupture, may require medical treatment to prevent infection and promote healing. 

Ett perforerat trumhinna, eller trumhinnespräckning, kan kräva medicinsk behandling för att förhindra infektion och främja läkning.

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pharynx
pharynx
[Substantiv]

(anatomy) the passage in the throat that connects the mouth to the gullet

svalg, hals

svalg, hals

Ex: Cancers can develop in the tissues of the pharynx, often linked to tobacco and alcohol use. 

Cancer kan utvecklas i vävnaderna i svalget, ofta kopplat till tobaks- och alkoholanvändning.

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trachea
trachea
[Substantiv]

(anatomy) the membranous tube in the body that carries air from the throat to the bronchi

trakea, luftrör

trakea, luftrör

Ex: The doctor used a bronchoscope to examine the trachea and check for any abnormalities or blockages. 

Läkaren använde en bronkoskop för att undersöka luftstrupen och kontrollera eventuella avvikelser eller blockeringar.

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saliva
saliva
[Substantiv]

the liquid produced in the mouth to make chewing and swallowing easier and to prepare food for digestion

saliv

saliv

Ex: The dog's mouth watered as it watched its owner prepare its favorite treat, saliva dripping onto the floor. 
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phlegm
phlegm
[Substantiv]

the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold

slem, flämt

slem, flämt

Ex: The color and consistency of phlegm can provide clues about the underlying cause of respiratory symptoms. 

Färgen och konsistensen hos slem kan ge ledtrådar om den underliggande orsaken till respiratoriska symptom.

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enamel
enamel
[Substantiv]

the hard white external layer that covers the crown of a tooth

emalj, tandemalj

emalj, tandemalj

Ex: Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body, even stronger than bone. 

Emalj är den hårdaste substansen i människokroppen, till och med starkare än ben.

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respiration
respiration
[Substantiv]

(anatomy) the act or process of breathing

andning

andning

Ex: The control of respiration involves both voluntary and involuntary mechanisms. 

Kontrollen av andningen innebär både frivilliga och ofrivilliga mekanismer.

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retina
retina
[Substantiv]

(anatomy) the sensory membrane at the back of the eye that transmits light signals to the brain through optic nerves

nätthinna, retina

nätthinna, retina

Ex: Damage to the retina, such as in age-related macular degeneration, can lead to vision loss or distortion. 

Skador på näthinnan, som vid åldersrelaterad makuladegeneration, kan leda till synförlust eller förvrängning.

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cornea
cornea
[Substantiv]

(anatomy) the transparent layer that covers the outside of the eyeball

hornhinna, ögonets genomskinliga skikt

hornhinna, ögonets genomskinliga skikt

Ex: Injuries or infections affecting the cornea can cause pain, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. 

Skador eller infektioner som påverkar hornhinnan kan orsaka smärta, suddig syn och ljuskänslighet.

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pupil
pupil
[Substantiv]

(anatomy) the small round black area in the center of the eye, through which light enters

pupill

pupill

Ex: The optometrist used a light to examine the patient's pupils. 
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renal
renal
[adjektiv]

relating to the kidneys or their function

renal, som rör njurarna

renal, som rör njurarna

Ex: Renal failure can lead to a buildup of toxins in the body. 

Njursvikt kan leda till en uppbyggnad av gifter i kroppen.

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abdomen
abdomen
[Substantiv]

the lower part of the body below the chest that contains the digestive and reproductive organs

mage, buk

mage, buk

Ex: He noticed a faint bruise forming on his abdomen, a reminder of the impact from his fall earlier that day. 

Han märkte ett svagt blåmärke som bildades på hans buk, en påminnelse om stöten från hans fall tidigare den dagen.

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diaphragm
diaphragm
[Substantiv]

(anatomy) the muscular body partition that separates the chest and abdomen

mellan golvet, diafragma

mellan golvet, diafragma

Ex: Hiccups occur due to involuntary spasms of the diaphragm. 

Hicka uppstår på grund av ofrivilliga spasmer i membranen.

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pancreas
pancreas
[Substantiv]

a large gland in the body that produces insulin and glucagon and substances that help the body digest food

bukspottkörtel, pankreas

bukspottkörtel, pankreas

Ex: Pancreatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by gallstones, alcohol consumption, or certain medications. 

Pankreatit är ett tillstånd som kännetecknas av inflammation i bukspottkörteln, ofta orsakad av gallsten, alkoholkonsumtion eller vissa läkemedel.

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spleen
spleen
[Substantiv]

(anatomy) an abdominal organ that controls the quality of the blood cells

mjälte, mjälten

mjälte, mjälten

Ex: Enlargement of the spleen, known as splenomegaly, can occur due to various conditions, including infections, liver disease, or blood disorders. 

Förstoring av mjälten, känd som splenomegali, kan uppstå på grund av olika tillstånd, inklusive infektioner, leversjukdomar eller blodsjukdomar.

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pelvis
pelvis
[Substantiv]

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

bäcken, pelvis

bäcken, pelvis

Ex: The doctor examined the patient's pelvis to assess the extent of the injury. 

Läkaren undersökte patientens bäcken för att bedöma omfattningen av skadan.

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appendix
appendix
[Substantiv]

a small, narrow tube attached to the beginning of the large intestine

blindtarm,  appendix

blindtarm, appendix

Ex: The appendix is located in the lower right part of the abdomen. 
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bladder
bladder
[Substantiv]

a sac-like organ inside the body where urine is stored before being passed

blåsa, urinblåsa

blåsa, urinblåsa

Ex: He drank a lot of water, ensuring his bladder stayed healthy and functioning well. 
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bowel
bowel
[Substantiv]

the intestine, especially the lower part of the digestive tract through which waste passes before leaving the body

tarm,  inälvor

tarm, inälvor

Ex: The disease affects the lining of the bowel. 
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bone marrow
bone marrow
[Substantiv]

the soft substance that fills the cavities of bones, which is either yellowish and consists of fat cells or reddish and makes blood cells

benmärg, märg

benmärg, märg

Ex: Bone marrow transplants are used to treat various blood disorders, cancers, and immune system disorders by replacing damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy marrow from a donor. 

Benmärgstransplantationer används för att behandla olika blodsjukdomar, cancer och immunförsvarsstörningar genom att ersätta skadat eller sjukt benmärg med friskt märg från en donator.

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tendon
tendon
[Substantiv]

(anatomy) an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

sena, elastiskt ligament

sena, elastiskt ligament

Ex: Physical therapy can help strengthen tendons and improve flexibility. 

Fysioterapi kan hjälpa till att stärka sener och förbättra flexibiliteten.

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cartilage
cartilage
[Substantiv]

an elastic tissue that supports or connects joints in an infant and turns into skeleton during growth

brosk, broskvävnad

brosk, broskvävnad

Ex: Osteoarthritis is a condition where cartilage in joints deteriorates over time. 

Artros är ett tillstånd där brosket i lederna försämras över tid.

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antibody
antibody
[Substantiv]

a protein produced by the immune system that recognizes and helps neutralize harmful substances such as bacteria and viruses

antikropp,  immunoglobulin

antikropp, immunoglobulin

Ex: The researchers measured antibody levels in the participants' blood. 
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gland
gland
[Substantiv]

an organ in the body that produces certain chemical substances to be used in the body or to be discharged into the surroundings

körtel, sekretionsorgan

körtel, sekretionsorgan

Ex: The sweat glands release perspiration to help regulate body temperature. 

Svettkörtlarna avger svett för att hjälpa till att reglera kroppstemperaturen.

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bile
bile
[Substantiv]

a bitter fluid produced by the liver that helps the body digest and absorb fats

galla,  galla

galla, galla

Ex: A blockage can prevent bile from flowing normally. 
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