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Essential Vocabulary for the GRE - Scientifically Speaking

Here you will learn some English words about science, such as "antigen", "clone", "lymph", etc. that are needed for the GRE exam.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
zoology
[noun]

a branch of science that deals with animals

Ex: Zoology is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with ecology , genetics , and evolutionary biology .
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botany
[noun]

the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

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synthesis
[noun]

the act of producing a substance that exists in living beings

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antigen
[noun]

any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system

Ex: A positive test result indicates that antigen is present in the sample .
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cortisol
[noun]

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

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clone
[noun]

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

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dominant
[Adjective]

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

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fetus
[noun]

an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception

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gene pool
[noun]

all of the genes that are available within breeding populations of a particular species of animal or plant

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genome
[noun]

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

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the controlled maintenance of a specific temperature; fostering optimal conditions for the development of organisms, processes, or materials

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lymph
[noun]

a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading

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membrane
[noun]

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

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to mutate
[Verb]

to experience genetic changes

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a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

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symbiosis
[noun]

a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both

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specimen
[noun]

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

Ex: specimen showed distinct characteristics that were crucial for the study .
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(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

Ex: secrete hormones that play crucial roles in various bodily functions .
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the process of natural multiplication; representing the expansion of a population over time

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the natural coloring of tissues, surfaces, or structures; contributing to the characteristic hues or tones observed in animals, plants, or human beings

Ex: Pigmentation in the coral reef plays a role in attracting fish and other marine life .
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the field of science that studies the function or interactions among organisms

Ex: Advances physiology can lead to new medical treatments and therapies .
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(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary

Ex: The female ovulates twice a year during her heat cycle .
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nucleus
[noun]

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

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the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

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a method used for measuring how old an organic material is by calculating the amount of carbon they contain

Ex: The team carbon dating to the wooden structure to verify its period of construction .
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the study of how communication and control work in living organisms and machines, focusing on information flow, feedback, and system regulation

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pathology
[noun]

a branch of medical science primarily focusing on the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury

Ex: pathology report revealed the presence of malignant cells , confirming the diagnosis of cancer .
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the scientific and experimental operations performed on live animals

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the study of the behavior of air as it interacts with solid objects, particularly the flow of air around and through objects, and the effects of this interaction on the objects

Ex: The shaping of golf balls aerodynamics to optimize their trajectory and distance during a golf swing .
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volatile
[Adjective]

having a tendency to change rapidly and unpredictably, often characterized by fluctuations or instability

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vacuum
[noun]

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

Ex: vacuum of space is characterized by extremely low pressure and the absence of atmosphere .
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thermal
[Adjective]

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

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the bending of the wave's path as it passes from one medium to another; caused by a change in its speed or direction

Ex: The optical illusion was caused by refraction of light through the glass .
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particle
[noun]

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

Ex: Scientists study the movement and interactions particles to understand the fundamental forces of nature .
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to move back and forth repeatedly between two points or positions

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the process or action of splitting a nucleus into two or more parts resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy

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(physics) the reaction in which two nuclei join together and produce energy

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momentum
[noun]

the strength of a moving object determined by multiplying how heavy it is by how fast it is going

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isotope
[noun]

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

Ex: Isotopes play a crucial role in understanding nuclear reactions , radiometric dating , and various applications in science and technology .
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kinetic
[Adjective]

relating to the energy associated with motion or movement, emphasizing the dynamic state of objects in action

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