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Le livre Total English - Intermédiaire Supérieur - Unité 9 - Référence

Ici, vous trouverez le vocabulaire de l'Unité 9 - Référence dans le manuel Total English Upper-Intermediate, comme "affrontement", "forensique", "muet comme une carpe", etc.

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Total English - Upper-intermediate
crime
crime
[nom]

an unlawful act that is punishable by the legal system

crime

crime

Ex: The increase in violent crime has made residents feel unsafe .L'augmentation de la **criminalité** violente a rendu les résidents inquiets pour leur sécurité.
judge
judge
[nom]

the official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters

juge

juge

Ex: She retired after serving as a judge for over thirty years .Elle a pris sa retraite après avoir servi en tant que **juge** pendant plus de trente ans.
robbery
robbery
[nom]

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

vol

vol

Ex: The jewelry store was hit by a robbery in broad daylight , with expensive items stolen .Le magasin de bijoux a été victime d'un **vol** en plein jour, avec des articles coûteux volés.
thief
thief
[nom]

someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats

voleur, voleuse

voleur, voleuse

Ex: The thief attempted to escape through the alley , but the police quickly cornered him .Le **voleur** a tenté de s'échapper par l'allée, mais la police l'a rapidement coincé.
fingerprint

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

empreinte

empreinte

Ex: Fingerprint evidence played a crucial role in convicting the perpetrator of the murder.Les preuves **d'empreintes digitales** ont joué un rôle crucial dans la condamnation de l'auteur du meurtre.
fine
fine
[nom]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

amende, contravention

amende, contravention

Ex: The judge imposed a fine on the company for environmental violations .Le juge a imposé une **amende** à l'entreprise pour violations environnementales.
victim
victim
[nom]

a person who has been harmed, injured, or killed due to a crime, accident, etc.

victime

victime

Ex: Support groups for victims of crime provide resources and a safe space to share their experiences .Les groupes de soutien pour les **victimes** de crime fournissent des ressources et un espace sûr pour partager leurs expériences.
criminal

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

criminel, criminelle

criminel, criminelle

Ex: The criminal confessed to robbing the bank .Le **criminel** a avoué avoir volé la banque.
punishment

the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong

punition

punition

Ex: He accepted his punishment without complaint .
community service

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

travaux d’intérêt général, TIG

travaux d’intérêt général, TIG

Ex: He found fulfillment in community service, knowing that his efforts were making a positive impact on those in need .Il a trouvé l'épanouissement dans le **service communautaire**, sachant que ses efforts avaient un impact positif sur ceux dans le besoin.
to suspect
to suspect
[verbe]

to think that something is probably true, especially something bad, without having proof

suspecter, soupçonner

suspecter, soupçonner

Ex: They suspect the company may be hiding some important information .Ils **soupçonnent** que l'entreprise pourrait cacher des informations importantes.
innocent
innocent
[Adjectif]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

innocent

innocent

Ex: The innocent driver was not at fault for the car accident caused by the other driver 's negligence .Le conducteur **innocent** n'était pas en faute pour l'accident de voiture causé par la négligence de l'autre conducteur.
guilty
guilty
[Adjectif]

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

coupable

coupable

Ex: The jury found the defendant guilty of the crime based on the evidence presented .Le jury a trouvé l'accusé **coupable** du crime sur la base des preuves présentées.
witness
witness
[nom]

a person who sees an event, especially a criminal scene

témoin, témoin oculaire

témoin, témoin oculaire

Ex: The only witness to the crime was hesitant to come forward out of fear for their safety .Le seul **témoin** du crime hésitait à se manifester par crainte pour sa sécurité.
evidence

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

preuves

preuves

Ex: Historical documents and artifacts serve as valuable evidence for understanding past civilizations and events .
petty
petty
[Adjectif]

relating to minor or unimportant crimes

mesquin, mineur

mesquin, mineur

Ex: The police focused more on serious offenses than on petty crimes like jaywalking .La police s'est concentrée davantage sur les infractions graves que sur les délits **mineurs** comme le fait de traverser en dehors des passages piétons.
to suspend
to suspend
[verbe]

to temporarily prevent someone from going to school as a punishment because they did something wrong

suspendre

suspendre

Ex: After the fight , he was suspended for three days .Après la bagarre, il a été **suspendu** pendant trois jours.
sentence

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

sentence, peine, condamnation

sentence, peine, condamnation

Ex: He received a ten-year sentence for robbery .Il a reçu une **peine** de dix ans pour vol.
prison
prison
[nom]

a building where people who did something illegal, such as stealing, murder, etc., are kept as a punishment

prison

prison

Ex: She wrote letters to her family from prison, expressing her love and longing for them .Elle a écrit des lettres à sa famille depuis la **prison**, exprimant son amour et son désir pour eux.
graffiti

pictures or words that are drawn on a public surface such as walls, doors, trains, etc.

graffiti

graffiti

Ex: Many artists use graffiti to make social or political statements , expressing their views on walls and alleyways across the city .De nombreux artistes utilisent le **graffiti** pour faire des déclarations sociales ou politiques, exprimant leurs points de vue sur les murs et les ruelles de la ville.
vandalism

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

vandalisme

vandalisme

Ex: Volunteers organized a cleanup effort to repair the damage caused by vandalism in the local park .Les bénévoles ont organisé une opération de nettoyage pour réparer les dégâts causés par le **vandalisme** dans le parc local.
forensic
forensic
[Adjectif]

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

de juriste, médico-légal

de juriste, médico-légal

Ex: The detective relied on forensic evidence to solve the case .Le détective s'est appuyé sur des preuves **forensiques** pour résoudre l'affaire.
to commit
to commit
[verbe]

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

commettre

commettre

Ex: The hacker was apprehended for committing cybercrimes , including unauthorized access to sensitive information .
arson
arson
[nom]

the criminal act of setting something on fire, particularly a building

incendie volontaire, incendie criminel

incendie volontaire, incendie criminel

Ex: Arson is a serious crime that can result in severe penalties, including imprisonment.**Incendie criminel** est un crime grave qui peut entraîner des peines sévères, y compris l'emprisonnement.
fraud
fraud
[nom]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

fraude

fraude

Ex: She was shocked to learn that her identity had been stolen and used for fraud, leaving her with a damaged credit score .Elle a été choquée d'apprendre que son identité avait été volée et utilisée pour une **fraude**, la laissant avec un score de crédit endommagé.
to arrest
to arrest
[verbe]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

arrêter

arrêter

Ex: Authorities are currently arresting suspects at the scene of the crime .Les autorités **arrêtent** actuellement des suspects sur les lieux du crime.
to convict
to convict
[verbe]

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

reconnaître coupable

reconnaître coupable

Ex: Over the years , the legal system has occasionally convicted high-profile figures for various offenses .Au fil des ans, le système juridique a occasionnellement **condamné** des personnalités de haut niveau pour diverses infractions.
to sentence

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

condamner

condamner

Ex: After the trial , the judge carefully sentenced the convicted murderer .Après le procès, le juge a soigneusement **condamné** le meurtrier reconnu coupable.
to get away with

to escape punishment for one's wrong actions

s'en sortir impunément, s'en sortir en toute impunité

s'en sortir impunément, s'en sortir en toute impunité

Ex: He tried to cheat on the test , but he did n’t get away with it because the teacher caught him .Il a essayé de tricher au test, mais il n'a pas pu **s'en sortir** parce que le professeur l'a attrapé.
to sue
to sue
[verbe]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

poursuivre (en justice), intenter un procès à

poursuivre (en justice), intenter un procès à

Ex: Last year , the author successfully sued the competitor for plagiarism .L'année dernière, l'auteur a **poursuivi** avec succès le concurrent pour plagiat.
to insure
to insure
[verbe]

to make sure or certain that something will happen or be done correctly

assurer, garantir

assurer, garantir

Ex: The parents insured their child 's well-being by arranging for a safe trip .Les parents ont **assuré** le bien-être de leur enfant en organisant un voyage en toute sécurité.
claim
claim
[nom]

a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

déclaration, demande

déclaration, demande

Ex: Their claim that the event was canceled was unverified and caused confusion among attendees .Leur **affirmation** que l'événement était annulé n'était pas vérifiée et a causé de la confusion parmi les participants.
premium
premium
[nom]

the amount of money paid to an insurance company in exchange for coverage or protection against specified risks or potential losses

prime, cotisation

prime, cotisation

Ex: He compared different premiums before choosing a policy .Il a comparé différentes **primes** avant de choisir une police.
middle-aged
middle-aged
[Adjectif]

(of a person) approximately between 45 to 65 years old, typically indicating a stage of life between young adulthood and old age

âgé

âgé

Ex: A middle-aged woman was running for office in the upcoming election .Une femme **d'âge moyen** se présentait aux élections à venir.
well-dressed
well-dressed
[Adjectif]

wearing clothes that are stylish or expensive

bien habillé

bien habillé

Ex: The magazine featured articles on how to look well-dressed for any occasion .Le magazine présentait des articles sur la façon d'être **bien habillé** pour toute occasion.
far-fetched
far-fetched
[Adjectif]

not probable and difficult to believe

capillotracté, improbable, invraisemblable

capillotracté, improbable, invraisemblable

Ex: The idea of time travel still seems far-fetched to most scientists .L'idée du voyage dans le temps semble encore **tirée par les cheveux** à la plupart des scientifiques.
tongue-tied
tongue-tied
[Adjectif]

unable to speak clearly or express oneself due to nervousness, shyness, or confusion

muet comme une carpe, coincé

muet comme une carpe, coincé

Ex: He always gets tongue-tied when talking to his crush .Il a toujours les mots qui lui manquent quand il parle à son crush.
pig-headedly
pig-headedly
[Adverbe]

in a stubborn, unyielding, and inflexible manner

obstinément, avec entêtement

obstinément, avec entêtement

Ex: No matter how much evidence was presented , she pig-headedly held onto her belief .Peu importe la quantité de preuves présentées, elle s'est **entêtée** à maintenir sa croyance.
to gift-wrap

to wrap something, usually a present, in decorative paper or packaging

emballer comme un cadeau, empaqueter en cadeau

emballer comme un cadeau, empaqueter en cadeau

Ex: She asked the cashier to gift-wrap the package before delivery.Elle a demandé au caissier d'**emballer** le colis avant la livraison.
fireproof
fireproof
[Adjectif]

resistant to melting under high temperatures, catching fire, or burning

ignifuge, résistant au feu

ignifuge, résistant au feu

Ex: He installed fireproof doors in his house for extra safety .Il a installé des portes **ignifuges** dans sa maison pour plus de sécurité.
to aid
to aid
[verbe]

to help or support others in doing something

aider

aider

Ex: He aided his friend in preparing for the exam .Il a **aidé** son ami à se préparer pour l'examen.
to ax
to ax
[verbe]

to chop or cut with an axe or similar tool

couper à la hache, trancher à la hache

couper à la hache, trancher à la hache

Ex: They axed the old wooden door to break through.Ils ont **haché** la vieille porte en bois pour percer.
to back
to back
[verbe]

to support someone or something

soutenir

soutenir

Ex: While they were facing difficulties , we were backing them with emotional support .Alors qu'ils étaient confrontés à des difficultés, nous les **soutenions** avec un soutien émotionnel.
to bid
to bid
[verbe]

to try to achieve something

être en compétition pour

être en compétition pour

Ex: Several startups are bidding to attract investors at the upcoming tech conference .Plusieurs startups font une **offre** pour attirer les investisseurs lors de la prochaine conférence technologique.
blast
blast
[nom]

a sudden and violent release of energy, producing an explosion

explosion, souffle

explosion, souffle

Ex: Scientists studied the effects of the blast on nearby structures .
blaze
blaze
[nom]

a strong, bright flame or fire

flambée

flambée

Ex: The wildfire left a trail of charred trees in its blaze.
clash
clash
[nom]

a serious argument between two sides caused by their different views and beliefs

dispute, différend

dispute, différend

Ex: The board meeting ended abruptly due to a clash among the members about the future direction of the company .La réunion du conseil s'est terminée brusquement en raison d'un **conflit** entre les membres concernant l'orientation future de l'entreprise.
drama
drama
[nom]

a situation or event involving a lot of action and excitement, rooted in contrasting elements or forces

scène, drame

scène, drame

to hit
to hit
[verbe]

to affect someone or something, especially in a bad way

frapper, affecter

frapper, affecter

Ex: Rural communities have been severely hit by the lack of healthcare access .Les communautés rurales ont été gravement **touchées** par le manque d'accès aux soins de santé.
key
key
[Adjectif]

essential and highly important to a particular process, situation, or outcome

clé, clef, fondamental, essentiel

clé, clef, fondamental, essentiel

Ex: Building trust is key to maintaining long-term relationships with clients .**Clé** pour maintenir des relations à long terme avec les clients est de bâtir la confiance.
plea
plea
[nom]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

appel, demande, requête

appel, demande, requête

Ex: The defense attorney argued for a reduction in charges based on the plea bargain negotiated with the prosecution.L'avocat de la défense a plaidé pour une réduction des charges sur la base du **plaidoyer** négocié avec l'accusation.
to quit
to quit
[verbe]

to stop engaging in an activity permanently

arrêter

arrêter

Ex: After ten years in the company , she chose to quit and start her own business .Après dix ans dans l'entreprise, elle a choisi de **quitter** et de créer sa propre entreprise.
to [catch] {sb} red-handed

to arrest or see someone the moment they are doing something that is illegal or dishonest

Ex: The police caught the burglar red-handed as he was attempting to pick the lock of the house.
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