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Total English - Upper-intermediate - Unit 9 - Reference

Here you will find the vocabulary from Unit 9 - Reference in the Total English Upper-Intermediate coursebook, such as "clash", "forensic", "tongue-tied", etc.

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Total English - Upper-intermediate
crime
[noun]

an unlawful act that is punishable by the legal system

Ex: The increase in crime has made residents feel unsafe .
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judge
[noun]

the official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters

Ex: She retired after serving as judge for over thirty years .
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robbery
[noun]

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

Ex: The jewelry store was hit by robbery in broad daylight , with expensive items stolen .
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thief
[noun]

someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats

Ex: thief attempted to escape through the alley , but the police quickly cornered him .
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a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

Ex: Fingerprint evidence played a crucial role in convicting the perpetrator of the murder.
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fine
[noun]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

Ex: The judge imposed fine on the company for environmental violations .
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victim
[noun]

a person who has been harmed, injured, or killed due to a crime, accident, etc.

Ex: Support groups victims of crime provide resources and a safe space to share their experiences .
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criminal
[noun]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

Ex: criminal confessed to robbing the bank .
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the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong

Ex: He accepted punishment without complaint .
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unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

Ex: He found fulfillment community service, knowing that his efforts were making a positive impact on those in need .
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to think that something is probably true, especially something bad, without having proof

Ex: suspect the company may be hiding some important information .
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innocent
[Adjective]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

Ex: innocent driver was not at fault for the car accident caused by the other driver 's negligence .
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guilty
[Adjective]

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

Ex: The jury found the guilty of the crime based on the evidence presented .
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witness
[noun]

a person who sees an event, especially a criminal scene

Ex: The witness to the crime was hesitant to come forward out of fear for their safety .
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evidence
[noun]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

Ex: Historical documents and artifacts serve as evidence for understanding past civilizations and events .
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petty
[Adjective]

relating to minor or unimportant crimes

Ex: The police focused more on serious offenses than petty crimes like jaywalking .
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to temporarily prevent someone from going to school as a punishment because they did something wrong

Ex: After the fight , he suspended for three days .
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sentence
[noun]

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

Ex: He received a sentence for robbery .
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prison
[noun]

a building where people who did something illegal, such as stealing, murder, etc., are kept as a punishment

Ex: She wrote letters to her family prison, expressing her love and longing for them .
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graffiti
[noun]

pictures or words that are drawn on a public surface such as walls, doors, trains, etc.

Ex: Many artists graffiti to make social or political statements , expressing their views on walls and alleyways across the city .
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vandalism
[noun]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

Ex: Volunteers organized a cleanup effort to repair the damage caused vandalism in the local park .
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forensic
[Adjective]

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

Ex: The detective forensic evidence to solve the case .
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to commit
[Verb]

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

Ex: The hacker was apprehended committing cybercrimes , including unauthorized access to sensitive information .
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arson
[noun]

the criminal act of setting something on fire, particularly a building

Ex: Arson is a serious crime that can result in severe penalties, including imprisonment.
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fraud
[noun]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

Ex: She was shocked to learn that her identity had been stolen and used fraud, leaving her with a damaged credit score .
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to arrest
[Verb]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

Ex: Authorities are arresting suspects at the scene of the crime .
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to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

Ex: Over the years , the legal system has convicted high-profile figures for various offenses .
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to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

Ex: After the trial , the judge sentenced the convicted murderer .
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to escape punishment for one's wrong actions

Ex: He tried to cheat on the test , but he didget away with it because the teacher caught him .
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to sue
[Verb]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

Ex: Last year , the author sued the competitor for plagiarism .
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to insure
[Verb]

to make sure or certain that something will happen or be done correctly

Ex: The insured their child 's well-being by arranging for a safe trip .
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claim
[noun]

a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

Ex: claim that the event was canceled was unverified and caused confusion among attendees .
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premium
[noun]

the amount of money paid to an insurance company in exchange for coverage or protection against specified risks or potential losses

Ex: He compared premiums before choosing a policy .
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middle-aged
[Adjective]

(of a person) approximately between 45 to 65 years old, typically indicating a stage of life between young adulthood and old age

Ex: A middle-aged woman was running for office in the upcoming election.
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well-dressed
[Adjective]

wearing clothes that are stylish or expensive

Ex: The magazine featured articles on how to well-dressed for any occasion .
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far-fetched
[Adjective]

not probable and difficult to believe

Ex: The idea of time travel still far-fetched to most scientists .
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tongue-tied
[Adjective]

unable to speak clearly or express oneself due to nervousness, shyness, or confusion

Ex: He always tongue-tied when talking to his crush .
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pig-headedly
[Adverb]

in a stubborn, unyielding, and inflexible manner

Ex: No matter how much evidence was presented , pig-headedly held onto her belief .
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to wrap something, usually a present, in decorative paper or packaging

Ex: She asked the cashier to gift-wrap the package before delivery.
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fireproof
[Adjective]

resistant to melting under high temperatures, catching fire, or burning

Ex: He fireproof doors in his house for extra safety .
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to aid
[Verb]

to help or support others in doing something

Ex: aided his friend in preparing for the exam .
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to ax
[Verb]

to chop or cut with an axe or similar tool

Ex: They axed the old wooden door to break through.
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to back
[Verb]

to support someone or something

Ex: While they were facing difficulties , we backing them with emotional support .
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to bid
[Verb]

to try to achieve something

Ex: Several startups bidding to attract investors at the upcoming tech conference .
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blast
[noun]

an explosion of something

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blaze
[noun]

a bright, intense flame or fire that burns strongly and produces a lot of light and heat

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clash
[noun]

a serious argument between two sides caused by their different views and beliefs

Ex: The board meeting ended abruptly due to clash among the members about the future direction of the company .
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drama
[noun]

a situation or event involving a lot of action and excitement, rooted in contrasting elements or forces

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to hit
[Verb]

to affect someone or something, especially in a bad way

Ex: Rural communities have been hit by the lack of healthcare access .
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key
[Adjective]

essential and highly important to a particular process, situation, or outcome

Ex: Building trust key to maintaining long-term relationships with clients .
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plea
[noun]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

Ex: The defense attorney argued for a reduction in charges based on the plea bargain negotiated with the prosecution.
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to quit
[Verb]

to stop engaging in an activity permanently

Ex: After ten years in the company , she chose quit and start her own business .
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to arrest or see someone the moment they are doing something that is illegal or dishonest

Ex: The police caught the burglar red-handed as he was attempting to pick the lock of the house.
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Total English - Upper-intermediate
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