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کتاب 'توتال اینگلیش' متوسط بالا - واحد 9 - مرجع

در اینجا واژگان واحد 9 - مرجع در کتاب درسی Total English Upper-Intermediate مانند "clash"، "forensic"، "tongue-tied" و غیره را خواهید یافت.

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شروع یادگیری
Total English - Upper-intermediate
crime
[اسم]

an unlawful act that is punishable by the legal system

جرم

جرم

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judge
[اسم]

the official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters

قاضی

قاضی

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robbery
[اسم]

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

سرقت, دزدی

سرقت, دزدی

Ex: The jewelry store was hit by robbery in broad daylight , with expensive items stolen .
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thief
[اسم]

someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats

دزد, سارق

دزد, سارق

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fingerprint
[اسم]

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

اثر انگشت

اثر انگشت

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fine
[اسم]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

جریمه

جریمه

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victim
[اسم]

a person who has been harmed, injured, or killed due to a crime, accident, etc.

قربانی

قربانی

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criminal
[اسم]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

مجرم, جانی

مجرم, جانی

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punishment
[اسم]

the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong

مجازات, تنبیه

مجازات, تنبیه

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unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

خدمات اجتماعی, خدمات عمومی

خدمات اجتماعی, خدمات عمومی

Ex: He found fulfillment community service, knowing that his efforts were making a positive impact on those in need .
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to suspect
[فعل]

to think that something is probably true, especially something bad, without having proof

حدس زدن, مشکوک بودن

حدس زدن, مشکوک بودن

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innocent
[صفت]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

بی‌گناه

بی‌گناه

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guilty
[صفت]

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

گناهکار, مجرم، مقصر

گناهکار, مجرم، مقصر

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witness
[اسم]

a person who sees an event, especially a criminal scene

شاهد

شاهد

Ex: The witness to the crime was hesitant to come forward out of fear for their safety .
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evidence
[اسم]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

مدرک, شاهد

مدرک, شاهد

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petty
[صفت]

relating to minor or unimportant crimes

جزئی, کوچک

جزئی, کوچک

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to suspend
[فعل]

to temporarily prevent someone from going to school as a punishment because they did something wrong

موقت اخراج کردن

موقت اخراج کردن

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sentence
[اسم]

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

حکم (حقوقی)

حکم (حقوقی)

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prison
[اسم]

a building where people who did something illegal, such as stealing, murder, etc., are kept as a punishment

زندان

زندان

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graffiti
[اسم]

pictures or words that are drawn on a public surface such as walls, doors, trains, etc.

دیوارنگاری, گرافیتی

دیوارنگاری, گرافیتی

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vandalism
[اسم]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

تخریب اموال یا اماکن

تخریب اموال یا اماکن

Ex: Volunteers organized a cleanup effort to repair the damage caused vandalism in the local park .
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forensic
[صفت]

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

قانونی

قانونی

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to commit
[فعل]

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

(جرم یا خلاف) مرتکب شدن

(جرم یا خلاف) مرتکب شدن

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arson
[اسم]

the criminal act of setting something on fire, particularly a building

آتش‌افروزی

آتش‌افروزی

Ex: The insurance company denied the claim due to evidence suggesting the fire was caused arson.
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fraud
[اسم]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

کلاهبرداری

کلاهبرداری

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to arrest
[فعل]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

دستگیر کردن, بازداشت کردن

دستگیر کردن, بازداشت کردن

Ex: Authorities are arresting suspects at the scene of the crime .
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to convict
[فعل]

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

محکوم کردن, مجرم شناختن

محکوم کردن, مجرم شناختن

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to sentence
[فعل]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

محکوم کردن

محکوم کردن

Ex: After the trial , the judge sentenced the convicted murderer .
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to escape punishment for one's wrong actions

قسر در رفتن

قسر در رفتن

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to sue
[فعل]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

از کسی شکایت کردن

از کسی شکایت کردن

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to insure
[فعل]

to make sure or certain that something will happen or be done correctly

تضمین کردن

تضمین کردن

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claim
[اسم]

a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

ادعا

ادعا

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premium
[اسم]

the amount of money paid to an insurance company in exchange for coverage or protection against specified risks or potential losses

حق بیمه

حق بیمه

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middle-aged
[صفت]

(of a person) approximately between 45 to 65 years old, typically indicating a stage of life between young adulthood and old age

میانسال

میانسال

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well-dressed
[صفت]

wearing clothes that are stylish or expensive

خوش‌پوش, خوش‌لباس

خوش‌پوش, خوش‌لباس

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far-fetched
[صفت]

not probable and difficult to believe

بعید, باورنکردنی

بعید, باورنکردنی

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tongue-tied
[صفت]

unable to speak clearly or express oneself due to nervousness, shyness, or confusion

زبان بند‌آمده, زبان گرفته

زبان بند‌آمده, زبان گرفته

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pig-headedly
[قید]

in a stubborn, unyielding, and inflexible manner

لجبازانه, با کله‌شقی

لجبازانه, با کله‌شقی

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to gift-wrap
[فعل]

to wrap something, usually a present, in decorative paper or packaging

کادو کردن

کادو کردن

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fireproof
[صفت]

resistant to melting under high temperatures, catching fire, or burning

نسوز, ضدآتش

نسوز, ضدآتش

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to aid
[فعل]

to help or support others in doing something

کمک کردن

کمک کردن

Ex: aided his friend in preparing for the exam .
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to ax
[فعل]

to chop or cut with an axe or similar tool

قطع کردن, بریدن

قطع کردن, بریدن

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to back
[فعل]

to support someone or something

حمایت کردن

حمایت کردن

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to bid
[فعل]

to try to achieve something

تلاش کردن (برای رسیدن به چیزی)

تلاش کردن (برای رسیدن به چیزی)

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clash
[اسم]

a serious argument between two sides caused by their different views and beliefs

اختلاف (عقاید), عدم توافق، ناسازگاری

اختلاف (عقاید), عدم توافق، ناسازگاری

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to hit
[فعل]

to affect someone or something, especially in a bad way

تأثیر داشتن (به خصوص تأثیر بد), تحت تأثیر قرار دادن (در مفهوم منفی)، آسیب رساندن

تأثیر داشتن (به خصوص تأثیر بد), تحت تأثیر قرار دادن (در مفهوم منفی)، آسیب رساندن

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key
[صفت]

essential and highly important to a particular process, situation, or outcome

کلیدی, مهم، اصلی، اساسی

کلیدی, مهم، اصلی، اساسی

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plea
[اسم]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

دادخواست

دادخواست

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to quit
[فعل]

to stop engaging in an activity permanently

متوقف کردن, دست کشیدن

متوقف کردن, دست کشیدن

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to arrest or see someone the moment they are doing something that is illegal or dishonest

سر بزنگاه مچ کسی را گرفتن, مچ کسی را گرفتن، کسی را حین ارتکاب دستگیر کردن

سر بزنگاه مچ کسی را گرفتن, مچ کسی را گرفتن، کسی را حین ارتکاب دستگیر کردن

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