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Aklat Total English - Itaas na Intermediate - Yunit 9 - Sanggunian

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Unit 9 - Sanggunian sa Total English Upper-Intermediate coursebook, tulad ng "clash", "forensic", "tongue-tied", atbp.

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Total English - Upper-intermediate
crime
crime
[Pangngalan]

an unlawful act that is punishable by the legal system

krimen,  kasalanan

krimen, kasalanan

Ex: The police are investigating the crime that occurred last night. 
judge
judge
[Pangngalan]

the official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters

hukom, magistrado

hukom, magistrado

Ex: The judge listened to both sides of the case before making a ruling. 
robbery
robbery
[Pangngalan]

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

pagnanakaw, holdap

pagnanakaw, holdap

Ex: The bank was the target of a robbery, with the thieves escaping with a large sum of money. 
thief
thief
[Pangngalan]

someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats

magnanakaw, kawatan

magnanakaw, kawatan

Ex: The thief was caught on camera as he sneaked into the store and took a handful of electronics. 
fingerprint
fingerprint
[Pangngalan]

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

bakas ng daliri, marka ng daliri

bakas ng daliri, marka ng daliri

Ex: Detectives found a clear fingerprint on the window sill, leading to the identification of the burglar. 
fine
fine
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

multa, parusa

multa, parusa

Ex: He had to pay a hefty fine for speeding on the highway. 
victim
victim
[Pangngalan]

a person who has been harmed, injured, or killed due to a crime, accident, etc.

biktima

biktima

Ex: The victim of the robbery was left shaken but unharmed after the ordeal. 
criminal
criminal
[Pangngalan]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

kriminal, salarin

kriminal, salarin

Ex: The police arrested the criminal after a long investigation. 
punishment
punishment
[Pangngalan]

the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong

parusa, paghihirap

parusa, paghihirap

Ex: The judge handed down a severe punishment to the convicted criminal, sentencing them to several years in prison. 
community service
community service
[Pangngalan]

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

serbisyo sa komunidad, boluntaryong trabaho

serbisyo sa komunidad, boluntaryong trabaho

Ex: After being convicted of vandalism, he was sentenced to 100 hours of community service. 
to suspect
to suspect
[Pandiwa]

to think that something is probably true, especially something bad, without having proof

maghinala, hinalaan

maghinala, hinalaan

Ex: I suspect he's been lying about where he was last night. 
innocent
innocent
[pang-uri]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

walang kasalanan, hindi nagkasala

walang kasalanan, hindi nagkasala

Ex: The evidence presented in court proved that he was innocent of the crime he was accused of. 
guilty
guilty
[pang-uri]

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

may-sala, responsable

may-sala, responsable

Ex: He pleaded guilty to the charges in court. 
witness
witness
[Pangngalan]

a person who sees an event, especially a criminal scene

saksi, saksi sa pangyayari

saksi, saksi sa pangyayari

Ex: The witness gave a detailed account of what happened during the burglary. 
evidence
evidence
[Pangngalan]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

ebidensya, katibayan

ebidensya, katibayan

Ex: The prosecution presented compelling evidence, including DNA analysis and eyewitness testimony, to support their case. 
petty
petty
[pang-uri]

relating to minor or unimportant crimes

maliit, hindi mahalaga

maliit, hindi mahalaga

Ex: He was arrested for a petty theft. 
to suspend
to suspend
[Pandiwa]

to temporarily prevent someone from going to school as a punishment because they did something wrong

suspendihin

suspendihin

Ex: The student was suspended for a week after the incident in the hallway. 
sentence
sentence
[Pangngalan]

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

sentensya, parusa

sentensya, parusa

Ex: The judge handed down a life sentence for the crime. 
prison
prison
[Pangngalan]

a building where people who did something illegal, such as stealing, murder, etc., are kept as a punishment

bilangguan, piitan

bilangguan, piitan

Ex: He was sentenced to ten years in prison for his involvement in the robbery. 
graffiti
graffiti
[Pangngalan]

pictures or words that are drawn on a public surface such as walls, doors, trains, etc.

graffiti, mga sulat sa pader

graffiti, mga sulat sa pader

Ex: The city launched a program to clean up graffiti from buildings and public spaces to improve the neighborhood's appearance. 
vandalism
vandalism
[Pangngalan]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

pambababoy

pambababoy

Ex: After the vandalism of the public library, the community came together to clean and restore the damaged areas. 
forensic
forensic
[pang-uri]

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

pamporensik, kriminalistiko

pamporensik, kriminalistiko

Ex: The forensic team collected DNA, fingerprint, and fiber evidence from the crime scene. 
to commit
to commit
[Pandiwa]

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

gumawa, isagawa

gumawa, isagawa

Ex: He was arrested for attempting to commit fraud by falsifying financial documents. 
arson
arson
[Pangngalan]

the criminal act of setting something on fire, particularly a building

pagsunog, pagpapasabog

pagsunog, pagpapasabog

Ex: The fire department suspects arson as the cause of the warehouse fire. 
fraud
fraud
[Pangngalan]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

panloloko, pandaraya

panloloko, pandaraya

Ex: He was arrested for fraud after it was discovered that he had been falsifying financial records for years. 
to arrest
to arrest
[Pandiwa]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

arestuhin

arestuhin

Ex: The police officer decided to arrest the suspect after gathering sufficient evidence. 
to convict
to convict
[Pandiwa]

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

hatulan, ideklarang nagkasala

hatulan, ideklarang nagkasala

Ex: The jury deliberated and decided to convict the defendant of murder. 
to sentence
to sentence
[Pandiwa]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

hatulan

hatulan

Ex: The judge will sentence the convicted criminal to five years in prison. 
to get away with

to escape punishment for one's wrong actions

makatakas sa parusa, takasan ang parusa

makatakas sa parusa, takasan ang parusa

Ex: Some white-collar criminals try to get away with embezzling money from their companies. 
to sue
to sue
[Pandiwa]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

magdemanda, isakdal

magdemanda, isakdal

Ex: The dissatisfied customer decided to sue the company for breach of contract. 
to insure
to insure
[Pandiwa]

to make sure or certain that something will happen or be done correctly

siguraduhin, garantiyahan

siguraduhin, garantiyahan

Ex: He took extra precautions to insure the safety of the workers on site. 
claim
claim
[Pangngalan]

a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

pahayag, pag-angkin

pahayag, pag-angkin

Ex: His claim that he had seen a UFO was met with skepticism. 
premium
premium
[Pangngalan]

the amount of money paid to an insurance company in exchange for coverage or protection against specified risks or potential losses

premyo, premyo ng seguro

premyo, premyo ng seguro

Ex: She pays a monthly premium for her health insurance. 
middle-aged
middle-aged
[pang-uri]

(of a person) approximately between 45 to 65 years old, typically indicating a stage of life between young adulthood and old age

katamtamang gulang

katamtamang gulang

Ex: The middle-aged man enjoyed his evening walks in the park. 
well-dressed
well-dressed
[pang-uri]

wearing clothes that are stylish or expensive

maayos ang pananamit, makinis

maayos ang pananamit, makinis

Ex: He always looks well-dressed, whether in casual wear or a formal suit. 
far-fetched
far-fetched
[pang-uri]

not probable and difficult to believe

hindi kapani-paniwala, gawa-gawa

hindi kapani-paniwala, gawa-gawa

Ex: His explanation for being late was so far-fetched that no one believed him. 
tongue-tied
tongue-tied
[pang-uri]

unable to speak clearly or express oneself due to nervousness, shyness, or confusion

walang masabi, nalilito

walang masabi, nalilito

Ex: He felt tongue-tied during the interview, unable to answer the questions smoothly. 
pig-headedly
pig-headedly
[pang-abay]

in a stubborn, unyielding, and inflexible manner

nang matigas ang ulo, nang walang pagbibigay

nang matigas ang ulo, nang walang pagbibigay

Ex: He pig-headedly dismissed every suggestion, no matter how reasonable. 
to gift-wrap
to gift-wrap
[Pandiwa]

to wrap something, usually a present, in decorative paper or packaging

ibalot bilang regalo, magbalot ng regalo

ibalot bilang regalo, magbalot ng regalo

Ex: She carefully gift-wrapped the birthday present. 
fireproof
fireproof
[pang-uri]

resistant to melting under high temperatures, catching fire, or burning

hindi nasusunog, resistente sa apoy

hindi nasusunog, resistente sa apoy

Ex: The building was made with fireproof materials. 
to aid
to aid
[Pandiwa]

to help or support others in doing something

tumulong, suportahan

tumulong, suportahan

Ex: The organization aids communities affected by natural disasters. 
to ax
to ax
[Pandiwa]

to chop or cut with an axe or similar tool

putulin ng palakol, hiwain ng palakol

putulin ng palakol, hiwain ng palakol

Ex: He axed the fallen tree into smaller pieces. 
to back
to back
[Pandiwa]

to support someone or something

suportahan, tanggihan

suportahan, tanggihan

Ex: The team decided to back their captain's decision during the crucial match. 
to bid
to bid
[Pandiwa]

to try to achieve something

subukan, pagsumikapang makamit

subukan, pagsumikapang makamit

Ex: The company is bidding to secure the contract for the new infrastructure project. 
blast
blast
[Pangngalan]

a sudden and violent release of energy, producing an explosion

pagsabog, pagputok

pagsabog, pagputok

Ex: The demolition team set off a controlled blast. 
blaze
blaze
[Pangngalan]

a strong, bright flame or fire

liyab, sunog

liyab, sunog

Ex: The firefighters struggled to control the raging blaze. 
clash
clash
[Pangngalan]

a serious argument between two sides caused by their different views and beliefs

banggaan,  away

banggaan, away

Ex: The clash between the two political parties escalated into a heated debate over healthcare reform. 
drama
drama
[Pangngalan]

a situation or event involving a lot of action and excitement, rooted in contrasting elements or forces

drama, pakikipagsapalaran

drama, pakikipagsapalaran

to hit
to hit
[Pandiwa]

to affect someone or something, especially in a bad way

pindutin, apektuhan

pindutin, apektuhan

Ex: Losing my job really hit me hard. 
key
key
[pang-uri]

essential and highly important to a particular process, situation, or outcome

susi, mahalaga

susi, mahalaga

Ex: The key factor in his success was his persistence and determination. 
plea
plea
[Pangngalan]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

pahayag, paninindigan

pahayag, paninindigan

Ex: The defendant entered a plea of not guilty to the charges. 
to quit
to quit
[Pandiwa]

to stop engaging in an activity permanently

tumigil, iwan

tumigil, iwan

Ex: The company plans to quit using single-use plastics to reduce environmental impact. 
to [catch] {sb} red-handed

to arrest or see someone the moment they are doing something that is illegal or dishonest

mahuli ang isang tao sa akto, madakip habang gumagawa ng mali

mahuli ang isang tao sa akto, madakip habang gumagawa ng mali

Ex: The neighbor caught the children red-handed when they were throwing rocks at his car, leaving visible dents. 
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