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كتاب Total English - فوق المتوسط - الوحدة 9-المرجع

ستجد هنا مفردات الوحدة 9 - المرجع في كتاب اللغة الإنجليزية للمستوى فوق المتوسط، مثل "clash"، و"الطب الشرعي"، و"اللسان معقود"، وما إلى ذلك.

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Total English - Upper-intermediate
crime
[اسم]

an unlawful act that is punishable by the legal system

جريمة, اختلاس

جريمة, اختلاس

judge
[اسم]

the official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters

قاضي, حَكَم

قاضي, حَكَم

robbery
[اسم]

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

السرقة, النهب

السرقة, النهب

Ex: The jewelry store was hit by robbery in broad daylight , with expensive items stolen .
thief
[اسم]

someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats

لص, سارق

لص, سارق

fingerprint
[اسم]

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

بصمَة إصبَع, بصمَة

بصمَة إصبَع, بصمَة

fine
[اسم]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

غرامة, عقوبة مالية

غرامة, عقوبة مالية

victim
[اسم]

a person who has been harmed, injured, or killed due to a crime, accident, etc.

ضحية, مُصاب

ضحية, مُصاب

criminal
[اسم]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

punishment
[اسم]

the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong

عقوبة, جزاء

عقوبة, جزاء

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

العمل المجتمعي, الخدمة المجتمعية

العمل المجتمعي, الخدمة المجتمعية

Ex: He found fulfillment community service, knowing that his efforts were making a positive impact on those in need .
to suspect
[فعل]

to think that something is probably true, especially something bad, without having proof

أشتبه, أظن

أشتبه, أظن

innocent
[صفة]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

بريء, معصوم

بريء, معصوم

guilty
[صفة]

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

مذنب, مخطئ

مذنب, مخطئ

witness
[اسم]

a person who sees an event, especially a criminal scene

شاهد, شاهد عيان

شاهد, شاهد عيان

Ex: The witness to the crime was hesitant to come forward out of fear for their safety .
evidence
[اسم]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

دليل, إثبات

دليل, إثبات

petty
[صفة]

relating to minor or unimportant crimes

تافه, بسيط

تافه, بسيط

to suspend
[فعل]

to temporarily prevent someone from going to school as a punishment because they did something wrong

تم تعليق الطالب لمدة أسبوع بعد الحادث في الممر., تم إيقاف الطالب عن الدراسة لمدة أسبوع كعقوبة بعد الحادث في الممر.

تم تعليق الطالب لمدة أسبوع بعد الحادث في الممر., تم إيقاف الطالب عن الدراسة لمدة أسبوع كعقوبة بعد الحادث في الممر.

sentence
[اسم]

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

حكم, عقوبة

حكم, عقوبة

prison
[اسم]

a building where people who did something illegal, such as stealing, murder, etc., are kept as a punishment

سجن, حبس

سجن, حبس

graffiti
[اسم]

pictures or words that are drawn on a public surface such as walls, doors, trains, etc.

جرافيتي, كتابات جدارية

جرافيتي, كتابات جدارية

vandalism
[اسم]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

تخريب, فعل شغب

تخريب, فعل شغب

Ex: Volunteers organized a cleanup effort to repair the damage caused vandalism in the local park .
forensic
[صفة]

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

جنائي, تحقيقي

جنائي, تحقيقي

to commit
[فعل]

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

ارتكب, قام بارتكاب

ارتكب, قام بارتكاب

arson
[اسم]

the criminal act of setting something on fire, particularly a building

حريق متعمد, إشعال نار متعمد

حريق متعمد, إشعال نار متعمد

Ex: The insurance company denied the claim due to evidence suggesting the fire was caused arson.
fraud
[اسم]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

احتيال, تَدَليس

احتيال, تَدَليس

to arrest
[فعل]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

اعتقال, قبض

اعتقال, قبض

Ex: Authorities are arresting suspects at the scene of the crime .
to convict
[فعل]

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

يدين, يقضي بإدانة

يدين, يقضي بإدانة

to sentence
[فعل]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

يحكم, يسجن

يحكم, يسجن

Ex: After the trial , the judge sentenced the convicted murderer .

to escape punishment for one's wrong actions

يفلت من العقاب, يُعفى من العقوبة

يفلت من العقاب, يُعفى من العقوبة

to sue
[فعل]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

رفع دعوى, قام برفع دعوى

رفع دعوى, قام برفع دعوى

to insure
[فعل]

to make sure or certain that something will happen or be done correctly

يضمن, يؤكد

يضمن, يؤكد

claim
[اسم]

a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

إدعاء, مزعم

إدعاء, مزعم

premium
[اسم]

the amount of money paid to an insurance company in exchange for coverage or protection against specified risks or potential losses

قسط, تأمين

قسط, تأمين

middle-aged
[صفة]

(of a person) approximately between 45 to 65 years old, typically indicating a stage of life between young adulthood and old age

في منتصف العمر, متوسط العمر

في منتصف العمر, متوسط العمر

well-dressed
[صفة]

wearing clothes that are stylish or expensive

أنيق, مرتدي ملابس أنيقة

أنيق, مرتدي ملابس أنيقة

far-fetched
[صفة]

not probable and difficult to believe

بعيد عن المنطق, غير محتمل

بعيد عن المنطق, غير محتمل

tongue-tied
[صفة]

unable to speak clearly or express oneself due to nervousness, shyness, or confusion

مُتَعَثِّر اللسان, خَجُول

مُتَعَثِّر اللسان, خَجُول

pig-headedly
[ظرف]

in a stubborn, unyielding, and inflexible manner

بِعِنَادٍ, بِصُرَامَةٍ

بِعِنَادٍ, بِصُرَامَةٍ

to gift-wrap
[فعل]

to wrap something, usually a present, in decorative paper or packaging

يُغَلِّف, يُعَبِّئ

يُغَلِّف, يُعَبِّئ

fireproof
[صفة]

resistant to melting under high temperatures, catching fire, or burning

مقاوم للحريق, مضاد للحريق

مقاوم للحريق, مضاد للحريق

to aid
[فعل]

to help or support others in doing something

يساعد, يدعم

يساعد, يدعم

Ex: aided his friend in preparing for the exam .
to ax
[فعل]

to chop or cut with an axe or similar tool

قطع, أزال

قطع, أزال

to back
[فعل]

to support someone or something

يدعم, يؤازر

يدعم, يؤازر

to bid
[فعل]

to try to achieve something

يُسَابِقُ, يَحاوِلُ

يُسَابِقُ, يَحاوِلُ

clash
[اسم]

a serious argument between two sides caused by their different views and beliefs

صدام, تعارض

صدام, تعارض

to hit
[فعل]

to affect someone or something, especially in a bad way

أثر, أصاب

أثر, أصاب

key
[صفة]

essential and highly important to a particular process, situation, or outcome

أساسي, محوري

أساسي, محوري

plea
[اسم]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

ادعاء, تبرئة

ادعاء, تبرئة

to quit
[فعل]

to stop engaging in an activity permanently

توقف, انسحب

توقف, انسحب

to arrest or see someone the moment they are doing something that is illegal or dishonest

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