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كتاب Total English - فوق المتوسط - الوحدة 9 - المرجع

هنا ستجد المفردات من الوحدة 9 - المرجع في كتاب Total English Upper-Intermediate، مثل "صدام"، "شرعي"، "عاجز عن الكلام"، إلخ.

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الهجاء

اختبار قصير

ابدأ التعلم
Total English - Upper-intermediate
crime
crime
[اسم]

an unlawful act that is punishable by the legal system

جريمة,  جنحة

جريمة, جنحة

Ex: He was convicted of a white-collar crime and sentenced to prison. 
judge
judge
[اسم]

the official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters

قاضي, قاضٍ

قاضي, قاضٍ

Ex: The judge sentenced the defendant to five years in prison for their crimes. 
robbery
robbery
[اسم]

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

سرقة, نهب

سرقة, نهب

Ex: The jewelry store was hit by a robbery in broad daylight, with expensive items stolen. 

تعرض متجر المجوهرات لـسرقة في وضح النهار، مع سرقة عناصر باهظة الثمن.

thief
thief
[اسم]

a person who steals something that belongs to someone else

لص,  سارق

لص, سارق

Ex: Sarah shouted for help when she saw a thief grabbing a woman's bag. 
fingerprint
fingerprint
[اسم]

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

بصمة الإصبع, أثر الإصبع

بصمة الإصبع, أثر الإصبع

Ex: Fingerprint evidence played a crucial role in convicting the perpetrator of the murder. 

لعبت أدلة بصمات الأصابع دورًا حاسمًا في إدانة مرتكب الجريمة.

fine
fine
[اسم]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

غرامة, عقوبة مالية

غرامة, عقوبة مالية

Ex: The fine for parking in a disabled parking spot without a permit is significant. 
victim
victim
[اسم]

a person who has been harmed, injured, or killed due to a crime, accident, etc.

ضحية

ضحية

Ex: Emergency services rushed the victim to the hospital following the car accident. 
criminal
criminal
[اسم]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

مجرم, إجرامي

مجرم, إجرامي

Ex: The detectives worked hard to catch the dangerous criminal. 
punishment
punishment
[اسم]

the act or process of making someone suffer a consequence for wrongdoing

Ex: The judge said that punishment was necessary because of the seriousness of the crime. 
community service

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

خدمة المجتمع, عمل تطوعي

خدمة المجتمع, عمل تطوعي

Ex: He found fulfillment in community service, knowing that his efforts were making a positive impact on those in need. 

وجد الإنجاز في الخدمة المجتمعية، مع علمه أن جهوده كانت تحدث تأثيرًا إيجابيًا على المحتاجين.

to suspect
to suspect
[فعل]

to think that something is probably true, especially something bad, without having proof

يشك, يتهم

يشك, يتهم

Ex: She suspects there's more to the story than he's telling her. 
innocent
innocent
[صفة]

not guilty of a crime, offense, or wrongdoing

Ex: Police later confirmed that the suspect was innocent. 
guilty
guilty
[صفة]

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

مذنب, مسؤول

مذنب, مسؤول

Ex: The jury found the defendant guilty of the crime based on the evidence presented. 

وجدت هيئة المحلفين المتهم مذنباً بالجريمة بناءً على الأدلة المقدمة.

witness
witness
[اسم]

a person who sees an event, especially a criminal scene

شاهد, شاهد عيان

شاهد, شاهد عيان

Ex: Being a witness to the accident left him shaken, but he was able to provide valuable information to the authorities. 
evidence
evidence
[اسم]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

دليل, بينة

دليل, بينة

Ex: The detective collected fingerprints and other forensic evidence from the crime scene to aid in the investigation. 
petty
petty
[صفة]

relating to minor or unimportant crimes

تافه, صغير

تافه, صغير

Ex: The police caught a group of petty thieves. 

القبضت الشرطة على مجموعة من اللصوص الصغار.

to suspend
to suspend
[فعل]

to temporarily prevent someone from attending a school, holding a position, or taking part in an activity as a punishment

يعلق,  يوقف مؤقتا

يعلق, يوقف مؤقتا

Ex: Students may be suspended from school for serious misconduct. 
sentence
sentence
[اسم]

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

حكم, عقوبة

حكم, عقوبة

Ex: The jury's verdict led to a severe sentence. 
prison
prison
[اسم]

a building where people who did something illegal, such as stealing, murder, etc., are kept as a punishment

سجن, مؤسسة عقابية

سجن, مؤسسة عقابية

Ex: They implemented rehabilitation programs to help inmates reintegrate into society after their release from prison. 
graffiti
graffiti
[اسم]

pictures or words that are drawn on a public surface such as walls, doors, trains, etc.

جرافيتي, كتابات على الجدران

جرافيتي, كتابات على الجدران

Ex: Many artists use graffiti to make social or political statements, expressing their views on walls and alleyways across the city. 

يستخدم العديد من الفنانين الغرافيتي لعمل تصريحات اجتماعية أو سياسية، معبرين عن آرائهم على الجدران والأزقة في جميع أنحاء المدينة.

vandalism
vandalism
[اسم]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

تخريب

تخريب

Ex: Volunteers organized a cleanup effort to repair the damage caused by vandalism in the local park. 

نظم المتطوعون جهدًا تنظيفيًا لإصلاح الضرر الناجم عن التخريب في الحديقة المحلية.

forensic
forensic
[صفة]

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

الطب الشرعي, الجنائي

الطب الشرعي, الجنائي

Ex: The detective relied on forensic evidence to solve the case. 

اعتمد المحقق على الأدلة الجنائية لحل القضية.

to commit
to commit
[فعل]

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

يرتكب, يقترف

يرتكب, يقترف

Ex: He was found guilty of committing embezzlement, misusing company funds for personal gain. 
arson
arson
[اسم]

the criminal act of setting something on fire, particularly a building

إحراق متعمد, حرق متعمد

إحراق متعمد, حرق متعمد

Ex: Arson is a serious crime that can result in severe penalties, including imprisonment. 

الحريق العمد جريمة خطيرة يمكن أن تؤدي إلى عقوبات شديدة، بما في ذلك السجن.

fraud
fraud
[اسم]

the crime or act of deliberately deceiving someone in order to gain money or an unfair advantage

احتيال

احتيال

Ex: He lost thousands of dollars as a result of the fraud. 
to arrest
to arrest
[فعل]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

اعتقل

اعتقل

Ex: Last year, the detective unexpectedly arrested the suspect after a thorough investigation. 
to convict
to convict
[فعل]

to officially find someone guilty of a crime in a court of law

إدانة

إدانة

Ex: She has been convicted twice for driving under the influence. 
to sentence
to sentence
[فعل]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

حكم

حكم

Ex: Last year, the jury unanimously sentenced the defendant to a lengthy prison term. 
to get away with

to escape punishment for one's wrong actions

يفلت من العقاب على فعل خاطئ, يرتكب خطأ ولا يعاقب عليه

يفلت من العقاب على فعل خاطئ, يرتكب خطأ ولا يعاقب عليه

Ex: He tried to cheat on the test, but he didn’t get away with it because the teacher caught him. 

حاول الغش في الاختبار، لكنه لم يتمكن من الإفلات من العقاب لأن المعلم أمسك به.

to sue
to sue
[فعل]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

رفع دعوى, مقاضاة

رفع دعوى, مقاضاة

Ex: The attorney is suing the corporation on behalf of the wronged employees. 
to insure
to insure
[فعل]

to make sure or certain that something will happen or be done correctly

يضمن, يؤمن

يضمن, يؤمن

Ex: The parents insured their child's well-being by arranging for a safe trip. 
claim
claim
[اسم]

a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

ادعاء, زعم

ادعاء, زعم

Ex: The author's claim of discovering a new species was questioned by the scientific community. 
premium
premium
[اسم]

an amount of money paid, usually regularly, for insurance coverage

قسط,  قسط التأمين

قسط, قسط التأمين

Ex: The insurer calculates the premium according to several risk factors. 
middle-aged
middle-aged
[صفة]

(of a person) approximately between 45 to 65 years old, typically indicating a stage of life between young adulthood and old age

في منتصف العمر

في منتصف العمر

Ex: A middle-aged woman was running for office in the upcoming election. 

امرأة في منتصف العمر كانت تترشح للانتخابات القادمة.

well-dressed
well-dressed
[صفة]

wearing clothes that are stylish or expensive

أنيق, مرتدي ملابس أنيقة

أنيق, مرتدي ملابس أنيقة

Ex: The magazine featured articles on how to look well-dressed for any occasion. 

تضمنت المجلة مقالات عن كيفية الظهور بملابس أنيقة في أي مناسبة.

far-fetched
far-fetched
[صفة]

not probable and difficult to believe

غير معقول, مختلق

غير معقول, مختلق

Ex: The idea of time travel still seems far-fetched to most scientists. 

لا تزال فكرة السفر عبر الزمن تبدو بعيدة المنال لمعظم العلماء.

tongue-tied
tongue-tied
[صفة]

unable to speak clearly or express oneself due to nervousness, shyness, or confusion

عاجز عن الكلام, مرتبك

عاجز عن الكلام, مرتبك

Ex: He always gets tongue-tied when talking to his crush. 

دائمًا ما يعجز عن الكلام عندما يتحدث إلى معجبته.

pig-headedly
pig-headedly
[ظرف]

in a stubborn, unyielding, and inflexible manner

بعناد, بإصرار

بعناد, بإصرار

Ex: No matter how much evidence was presented, she pig-headedly held onto her belief. 

بغض النظر عن مقدار الأدلة المقدمة، فإنها بعناد تمسكت بمعتقدها.

to gift-wrap
to gift-wrap
[فعل]

to wrap something, usually a present, in decorative paper or packaging

تغليف كهدية, تغليف الهدية

تغليف كهدية, تغليف الهدية

Ex: She asked the cashier to gift-wrap the package before delivery. 

طلبت من أمين الصندوق تغليف الهدية الطرد قبل التسليم.

fireproof
fireproof
[صفة]

resistant to melting under high temperatures, catching fire, or burning

مقاوم للحريق, غير قابل للاشتعال

مقاوم للحريق, غير قابل للاشتعال

Ex: He installed fireproof doors in his house for extra safety. 

قام بتركيب أبواب مقاومة للحريق في منزله لمزيد من الأمان.

to aid
to aid
[فعل]

to help or support others in doing something

يساعد, يدعم

يساعد, يدعم

Ex: Teachers often aid students in understanding complex topics. 
to ax
to ax
[فعل]

to chop or cut with an axe or similar tool

قطع بالفأس, شجر بالفأس

قطع بالفأس, شجر بالفأس

Ex: They axed the old wooden door to break through. 
to back
to back
[فعل]

to support someone or something

يدعم, يساند

يدعم, يساند

Ex: The community rallied to back the local school's fundraising efforts for new equipment. 
to bid
to bid
[فعل]

to try to achieve something

يحاول, يسعى إلى تحقيق

يحاول, يسعى إلى تحقيق

Ex: The company is bidding to win the construction contract. 
blast
blast
[اسم]

a powerful explosion or the destructive force produced by one

انفجار,  تفجير

انفجار, تفجير

Ex: Investigators are trying to determine what caused the blast. 
blaze
blaze
[اسم]

a strong, bright fire or mass of flames

حريق,  لهيب

حريق, لهيب

Ex: The blaze destroyed three buildings before it was contained. 
clash
clash
[اسم]

a serious disagreement or conflict between people, groups, ideas, or interests

تصادم,  صراع

تصادم, صراع

Ex: The project caused a clash of interests within the organization. 
drama
drama
[اسم]

a situation or event involving a lot of action and excitement, rooted in contrasting elements or forces

دراما, مغامرة

دراما, مغامرة

Ex: The race ended in dramatic fashion after several unexpected turns. 
to hit
to hit
[فعل]

to affect someone or something, especially in a bad way

ضرب, أثر

ضرب, أثر

Ex: Small businesses were hit particularly badly during the economic downturn. 
key
key
[صفة]

essential and highly important to a particular process, situation, or outcome

مفتاح, أساسي

مفتاح, أساسي

Ex: The key ingredient in this recipe is fresh herbs for added flavor. 
plea
plea
[اسم]

a formal answer given in court to a criminal charge, stating whether the accused is guilty or not guilty

إقرار

إقرار

Ex: The court accepted her plea and scheduled sentencing for the following month. 
to quit
to quit
[فعل]

to stop engaging in an activity permanently

يتوقف, يترك

يتوقف, يترك

Ex: After ten years in the company, she chose to quit and start her own business. 
to [catch] {sb} red-handed

to arrest or see someone the moment they are doing something that is illegal or dishonest

ضبط شخص متلبسًا, الإمساك به لحظة الفعل

ضبط شخص متلبسًا, الإمساك به لحظة الفعل

Ex: My sister caught me red-handed eating the cake she had saved for later. 

ضبطتني أختي متلبسًا وأنا آكل الكعكة التي كانت قد خبأتها لوقت لاحق.

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