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كتاب Total English - فوق المتوسط - الوحدة 9-المرجع

ستجد هنا مفردات الوحدة 9 - المرجع في كتاب اللغة الإنجليزية للمستوى فوق المتوسط، مثل "clash"، و"الطب الشرعي"، و"اللسان معقود"، وما إلى ذلك.

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Total English - Upper-intermediate
crime
[اسم]

an unlawful act that is punishable by the legal system

جريمة, اختلاس

جريمة, اختلاس

Ex: The increase in crime has made residents feel unsafe .
judge
[اسم]

the official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters

قاضي, حَكَم

قاضي, حَكَم

Ex: She retired after serving as judge for over thirty years .
robbery
[اسم]

the crime of stealing money or goods from someone or somewhere, especially by violence or threat

السرقة, النهب

السرقة, النهب

Ex: The jewelry store was hit by robbery in broad daylight , with expensive items stolen .
thief
[اسم]

someone who steals something from a person or place without using violence or threats

لص, سارق

لص, سارق

Ex: thief attempted to escape through the alley , but the police quickly cornered him .
fingerprint
[اسم]

a mark made by the unique pattern of lines on the tip of a person's finger, can be used to find out who has committed a crime

بصمَة إصبَع, بصمَة

بصمَة إصبَع, بصمَة

Ex: Fingerprint evidence played a crucial role in convicting the perpetrator of the murder.
fine
[اسم]

an amount of money that must be paid as a legal punishment

غرامة, عقوبة مالية

غرامة, عقوبة مالية

Ex: The judge imposed fine on the company for environmental violations .
victim
[اسم]

a person who has been harmed, injured, or killed due to a crime, accident, etc.

ضحية, مُصاب

ضحية, مُصاب

Ex: Support groups victims of crime provide resources and a safe space to share their experiences .
criminal
[اسم]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

Ex: criminal confessed to robbing the bank .
punishment
[اسم]

the act of making someone suffer because they have done something illegal or wrong

عقوبة, جزاء

عقوبة, جزاء

Ex: He accepted punishment without complaint .

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

العمل المجتمعي, الخدمة المجتمعية

العمل المجتمعي, الخدمة المجتمعية

Ex: He found fulfillment community service, knowing that his efforts were making a positive impact on those in need .
to suspect
[فعل]

to think that something is probably true, especially something bad, without having proof

أشتبه, أظن

أشتبه, أظن

Ex: suspect the company may be hiding some important information .
innocent
[صفة]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

بريء, معصوم

بريء, معصوم

Ex: innocent driver was not at fault for the car accident caused by the other driver 's negligence .
guilty
[صفة]

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

مذنب, مخطئ

مذنب, مخطئ

Ex: The jury found the guilty of the crime based on the evidence presented .
witness
[اسم]

a person who sees an event, especially a criminal scene

شاهد, شاهد عيان

شاهد, شاهد عيان

Ex: The witness to the crime was hesitant to come forward out of fear for their safety .
evidence
[اسم]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

دليل, إثبات

دليل, إثبات

Ex: Historical documents and artifacts serve as evidence for understanding past civilizations and events .
petty
[صفة]

relating to minor or unimportant crimes

تافه, بسيط

تافه, بسيط

Ex: The police focused more on serious offenses than petty crimes like jaywalking .
to suspend
[فعل]

to temporarily prevent someone from going to school as a punishment because they did something wrong

تم تعليق الطالب لمدة أسبوع بعد الحادث في الممر., تم إيقاف الطالب عن الدراسة لمدة أسبوع كعقوبة بعد الحادث في الممر.

تم تعليق الطالب لمدة أسبوع بعد الحادث في الممر., تم إيقاف الطالب عن الدراسة لمدة أسبوع كعقوبة بعد الحادث في الممر.

Ex: After the fight , he suspended for three days .
sentence
[اسم]

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

حكم, عقوبة

حكم, عقوبة

Ex: He received a sentence for robbery .
prison
[اسم]

a building where people who did something illegal, such as stealing, murder, etc., are kept as a punishment

سجن, حبس

سجن, حبس

Ex: She wrote letters to her family prison, expressing her love and longing for them .
graffiti
[اسم]

pictures or words that are drawn on a public surface such as walls, doors, trains, etc.

جرافيتي, كتابات جدارية

جرافيتي, كتابات جدارية

Ex: Many artists graffiti to make social or political statements , expressing their views on walls and alleyways across the city .
vandalism
[اسم]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

تخريب, فعل شغب

تخريب, فعل شغب

Ex: Volunteers organized a cleanup effort to repair the damage caused vandalism in the local park .
forensic
[صفة]

related to the use of scientific techniques when trying to know more about a crime

جنائي, تحقيقي

جنائي, تحقيقي

Ex: The detective forensic evidence to solve the case .
to commit
[فعل]

to do a particular thing that is unlawful or wrong

ارتكب, قام بارتكاب

ارتكب, قام بارتكاب

Ex: The hacker was apprehended committing cybercrimes , including unauthorized access to sensitive information .
arson
[اسم]

the criminal act of setting something on fire, particularly a building

حريق متعمد, إشعال نار متعمد

حريق متعمد, إشعال نار متعمد

Ex: Arson is a serious crime that can result in severe penalties, including imprisonment.
fraud
[اسم]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

احتيال, تَدَليس

احتيال, تَدَليس

Ex: She was shocked to learn that her identity had been stolen and used fraud, leaving her with a damaged credit score .
to arrest
[فعل]

(of law enforcement agencies) to take a person away because they believe that they have done something illegal

اعتقال, قبض

اعتقال, قبض

Ex: Authorities are arresting suspects at the scene of the crime .
to convict
[فعل]

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

يدين, يقضي بإدانة

يدين, يقضي بإدانة

Ex: Over the years , the legal system has convicted high-profile figures for various offenses .
to sentence
[فعل]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

يحكم, يسجن

يحكم, يسجن

Ex: After the trial , the judge sentenced the convicted murderer .

to escape punishment for one's wrong actions

يفلت من العقاب, يُعفى من العقوبة

يفلت من العقاب, يُعفى من العقوبة

Ex: He tried to cheat on the test , but he didget away with it because the teacher caught him .
to sue
[فعل]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

رفع دعوى, قام برفع دعوى

رفع دعوى, قام برفع دعوى

Ex: Last year , the author sued the competitor for plagiarism .
to insure
[فعل]

to make sure or certain that something will happen or be done correctly

يضمن, يؤكد

يضمن, يؤكد

Ex: The insured their child 's well-being by arranging for a safe trip .
claim
[اسم]

a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

إدعاء, مزعم

إدعاء, مزعم

Ex: claim that the event was canceled was unverified and caused confusion among attendees .
premium
[اسم]

the amount of money paid to an insurance company in exchange for coverage or protection against specified risks or potential losses

قسط, تأمين

قسط, تأمين

Ex: He compared premiums before choosing a policy .
middle-aged
[صفة]

(of a person) approximately between 45 to 65 years old, typically indicating a stage of life between young adulthood and old age

في منتصف العمر, متوسط العمر

في منتصف العمر, متوسط العمر

Ex: A middle-aged woman was running for office in the upcoming election.
well-dressed
[صفة]

wearing clothes that are stylish or expensive

أنيق, مرتدي ملابس أنيقة

أنيق, مرتدي ملابس أنيقة

Ex: The magazine featured articles on how to well-dressed for any occasion .
far-fetched
[صفة]

not probable and difficult to believe

بعيد عن المنطق, غير محتمل

بعيد عن المنطق, غير محتمل

Ex: The idea of time travel still far-fetched to most scientists .
tongue-tied
[صفة]

unable to speak clearly or express oneself due to nervousness, shyness, or confusion

مُتَعَثِّر اللسان, خَجُول

مُتَعَثِّر اللسان, خَجُول

Ex: He always tongue-tied when talking to his crush .
pig-headedly
[ظرف]

in a stubborn, unyielding, and inflexible manner

بِعِنَادٍ, بِصُرَامَةٍ

بِعِنَادٍ, بِصُرَامَةٍ

Ex: No matter how much evidence was presented , pig-headedly held onto her belief .
to gift-wrap
[فعل]

to wrap something, usually a present, in decorative paper or packaging

يُغَلِّف, يُعَبِّئ

يُغَلِّف, يُعَبِّئ

Ex: She asked the cashier to gift-wrap the package before delivery.
fireproof
[صفة]

resistant to melting under high temperatures, catching fire, or burning

مقاوم للحريق, مضاد للحريق

مقاوم للحريق, مضاد للحريق

Ex: He fireproof doors in his house for extra safety .
to aid
[فعل]

to help or support others in doing something

يساعد, يدعم

يساعد, يدعم

Ex: aided his friend in preparing for the exam .
to ax
[فعل]

to chop or cut with an axe or similar tool

قطع, أزال

قطع, أزال

Ex: They axed the old wooden door to break through.
to back
[فعل]

to support someone or something

يدعم, يؤازر

يدعم, يؤازر

Ex: While they were facing difficulties , we backing them with emotional support .
to bid
[فعل]

to try to achieve something

يُسَابِقُ, يَحاوِلُ

يُسَابِقُ, يَحاوِلُ

Ex: Several startups bidding to attract investors at the upcoming tech conference .
blast
[اسم]

an explosion of something

انفجار, تفجير

انفجار, تفجير

blaze
[اسم]

a bright, intense flame or fire that burns strongly and produces a lot of light and heat

لهب, شعلة

لهب, شعلة

clash
[اسم]

a serious argument between two sides caused by their different views and beliefs

صدام, تعارض

صدام, تعارض

Ex: The board meeting ended abruptly due to clash among the members about the future direction of the company .
drama
[اسم]

a situation or event involving a lot of action and excitement, rooted in contrasting elements or forces

دراما, فصل درامي

دراما, فصل درامي

to hit
[فعل]

to affect someone or something, especially in a bad way

أثر, أصاب

أثر, أصاب

Ex: Rural communities have been hit by the lack of healthcare access .
key
[صفة]

essential and highly important to a particular process, situation, or outcome

أساسي, محوري

أساسي, محوري

Ex: Building trust key to maintaining long-term relationships with clients .
plea
[اسم]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

ادعاء, تبرئة

ادعاء, تبرئة

Ex: The defense attorney argued for a reduction in charges based on the plea bargain negotiated with the prosecution.
to quit
[فعل]

to stop engaging in an activity permanently

توقف, انسحب

توقف, انسحب

Ex: After ten years in the company , she chose quit and start her own business .

to arrest or see someone the moment they are doing something that is illegal or dishonest

Ex: The police caught the burglar red-handed as he was attempting to pick the lock of the house.
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