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Vocabulaire pour l'IELTS Academic (Score 8-9) - War

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la guerre qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen académique IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
armada
[nom]

a very large assembled fleet of military warships operating under a unified command

armada

armada

Ex: During the war , the imperial armada enforced a stranglehold blockade around the enemy 's coastline .Pendant la guerre, l'**armada** impériale a imposé un blocus étouffant autour des côtes ennemies.

a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army, often motivated by payment rather than ideological or national allegiance

mercenaire, soldat de fortune

mercenaire, soldat de fortune

Ex: Mercenaries were often employed in colonial conflicts to supplement the regular army .Les **mercenaires** étaient souvent employés dans les conflits coloniaux pour compléter l'armée régulière.

a temporary stoppage or truce in hostilities between parties engaged in a war or conflict

armistice

armistice

Ex: The armistice allowed both sides to retrieve their wounded and dead from no man 's land between the trenches .L'**armistice** a permis aux deux parties de récupérer leurs blessés et leurs morts dans le no man's land entre les tranchées.

a defensive barrier erected during wartime to obstruct enemy movement and provide protection for defending forces

barricade

barricade

Ex: Soldiers utilized abandoned vehicles and debris to improvise barricades, impeding the enemy 's ability to maneuver .Les soldats ont utilisé des véhicules abandonnés et des débris pour improviser des **barricades**, entravant la capacité de manœuvre de l'ennemi.

a military unit composed of a varying number of companies or platoons, typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel

bataillon

bataillon

Ex: Each battalion had its own distinct set of responsibilities during the operation .Chaque **bataillon** avait son propre ensemble distinct de responsabilités pendant l'opération.
platoon
[nom]

the military unit that is a subdivision of a company with a lieutenant in charge

peloton

peloton

Ex: The platoon sergeant is responsible for the welfare and discipline of the soldiers under their command .Le sergent de **peloton** est responsable du bien-être et de la discipline des soldats sous son commandement.

the covert gathering of information for political, military, or economic purposes, often conducted by intelligence agencies

espionnage

espionnage

Ex: Cyber espionage has become a prominent threat , with hackers infiltrating networks to steal confidential information and disrupt operations .L'**espionnage** cybernétique est devenu une menace importante, avec des pirates infiltrant les réseaux pour voler des informations confidentielles et perturber les opérations.
coup
[nom]

an unexpected, illegal, and often violent attempt to change a government

coup d'état

coup d'état

Ex: The country 's history was marked by several unsuccessful coup attempts during its transition to democracy .L'histoire du pays a été marquée par plusieurs tentatives de **coup d'État** infructueuses lors de sa transition vers la démocratie.

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

guérillero

guérillero

Ex: The documentary explored the motivations and challenges faced by modern-day guerrilla fighters in conflict zones .Le documentaire a exploré les motivations et les défis rencontrés par les combattants **guérilleros** modernes dans les zones de conflit.

a fierce and intense attack, often with the goal of overwhelming the opponent

assaut,  offensive

assaut, offensive

Ex: In the final stages of the war , the combined forces launched a coordinated naval and aerial onslaught, leading to the enemy 's surrender .Dans les dernières étapes de la guerre, les forces combinées ont lancé un **assaut** naval et aérien coordonné, conduisant à la reddition de l'ennemi.

the military equipment and weaponry used by a country or military force

armement

armement

Ex: The arms manufacturer showcased its latest armament innovations, attracting interest from various military branches around the world.Le fabricant d'armes a présenté ses dernières innovations en matière d'**armement**, attirant l'intérêt de diverses branches militaires à travers le monde.

big heavy guns that are attached on top of moving wheels or tracks

artillerie

artillerie

Ex: The museum displayed various types of historical artillery pieces used in different conflicts throughout history .Le musée a exposé divers types de pièces d'**artillerie** historiques utilisées dans différents conflits à travers l'histoire.
arsenal
[nom]

a building, complex, or site used for producing, keeping, or repairing arms and ammunition

arsenal

arsenal

Ex: Intelligence reports suggest that the enemy has been stockpiling chemical weapons in their arsenal, posing a significant threat to regional stability .

a military strategy or capability designed to dissuade an adversary from aggression

dissuasion, élément dissuasif

dissuasion, élément dissuasif

Ex: Cybersecurity measures serve as a deterrent against cyberattacks on critical infrastructure .Les mesures de cybersécurité servent de **dissuasion** contre les cyberattaques sur les infrastructures critiques.

projectiles, bullets, shells, or explosive devices used in firearms, artillery, or other weapons

munitions

munitions

Ex: The police officers carried a standard loadout of ammunition to ensure preparedness for any situation .Les policiers transportaient une charge standard de **munitions** pour assurer leur préparation à toute situation.

a large weapon that was used in ancient times to throw stones or other objects with great force

catapulte

catapulte

Ex: Modern historians study the mechanics and design of ancient catapults to better understand siege warfare technologies of the past .Les historiens modernes étudient la mécanique et la conception des **catapultes** anciennes pour mieux comprendre les technologies de guerre de siège du passé.
bazooka
[nom]

a portable rocket launcher designed for use against tanks and armored vehicles

lance-roquettes portable, bazooka

lance-roquettes portable, bazooka

Ex: The military museum displayed historical bazookas alongside other iconic weapons from different eras.Le musée militaire a exposé des **bazookas** historiques aux côtés d'autres armes emblématiques de différentes époques.
to lance
[verbe]

to thrust or strike with a long-pointed weapon

transpercer

transpercer

Ex: In historical accounts , cavalry units were known for their ability to lance adversaries effectively in swift , coordinated attacks .Dans les récits historiques, les unités de cavalerie étaient connues pour leur capacité à **embrocher** efficacement les adversaires lors d'attaques rapides et coordonnées.

fragments from an explosion, causing damage to surroundings

éclats, shrapnel

éclats, shrapnel

Ex: The military surgeon removed shrapnel fragments from the injured soldier 's leg during surgery .Le chirurgien militaire a retiré des fragments d'**éclats d'obus** de la jambe du soldat blessé pendant l'opération.
musket
[nom]

an early firearm with a long barrel, used by infantry from the 16th to 18th centuries

mousquet, fusil à mèche

mousquet, fusil à mèche

Ex: The musket's introduction led to the decline of armor , as bullets easily penetrated traditional armor plating .L'introduction du **mousquet** a conduit au déclin de l'armure, car les balles pénétraient facilement les plaques d'armure traditionnelles.
mortar
[nom]

a short-barreled, muzzle-loaded artillery piece that fires explosive shells at high angles for close-range support

mortier, lance-grenades

mortier, lance-grenades

Ex: The platoon relied on mortar support to suppress enemy fire and facilitate their advance during the assault .Le peloton comptait sur le soutien du **mortier** pour supprimer les tirs ennemis et faciliter leur avance pendant l'assaut.
affray
[nom]

a public fight involving a group of people, typically causing a disturbance or public disorder

rixe, bagarre

rixe, bagarre

Ex: Authorities imposed stricter security measures to prevent affrays during public gatherings and events .Les autorités ont imposé des mesures de sécurité plus strictes pour prévenir les **rixes** lors des rassemblements publics et des événements.

an attack by aircraft, typically involving the dropping of bombs, on a location or a series of locations

raid aérien, bombardement aérien

raid aérien, bombardement aérien

Ex: The military base implemented air raid drills to ensure preparedness for potential attacks .La base militaire a mis en œuvre des exercices de **raid aérien** pour assurer la préparation aux attaques potentielles.

an extremely brutal act, especially in war

atrocité

atrocité

Ex: The history book detailed many atrocities committed during the war , each story more harrowing than the last .Le livre d'histoire détaillait de nombreuses **atrocités** commises pendant la guerre, chaque histoire plus déchirante que la précédente.

a secured area on the enemy's side of a river or other obstacle, established by military forces to serve as a base for further operations

tête de pont, position avancée

tête de pont, position avancée

Ex: The airborne assault aimed to create a surprise bridgehead behind enemy lines , disrupting their defensive strategy .L'assaut aéroporté visait à créer une **tête de pont** surprise derrière les lignes ennemies, perturbant ainsi leur stratégie défensive.
evacuee
[nom]

an individual who is forced to flee from a dangerous place or region

évacué, évacuée

évacué, évacuée

Ex: The government deployed helicopters to airlift evacuees from the disaster zone to safety .Le gouvernement a déployé des hélicoptères pour évacuer **les évacués** de la zone sinistrée vers un endroit sûr.

a group of military personnel stationed in a specific location or military base, often for the purpose of defending it

garnison, poste militaire

garnison, poste militaire

Ex: The garrison in the mountain outpost endured harsh weather conditions as they maintained a vigilant presence .La **garnison** dans l'avant-poste de montagne a enduré des conditions météorologiques difficiles tout en maintenant une présence vigilante.
to blitz
[verbe]

to carry out a sudden and intense military attack

déclencher une attaque éclair, lancer un blitz

déclencher une attaque éclair, lancer un blitz

Ex: The air force executed a strategic plan to blitz key enemy installations, disrupting their command and control.L'armée de l'air a exécuté un plan stratégique pour **blitz** les installations ennemies clés, perturbant leur commandement et contrôle.
to pillage
[verbe]

to plunder, typically during times of war or civil unrest

piller

piller

Ex: The invading forces systematically pillaged strategic locations , disrupting the local economy .Les forces envahissantes ont systématiquement **pillé** des lieux stratégiques, perturbant l'économie locale.
to plunder
[verbe]

to steal goods from a place or person, especially during times of war, chaos, or civil disorder

piller, saccager

piller, saccager

Ex: Last year , pirates unexpectedly plundered a fleet of merchant ships in the region .L'année dernière, des pirates ont **pillé** inopinément une flotte de navires marchands dans la région.
to strafe
[verbe]

to attack ground targets, such as enemy troops or installations, with gunfire from low-flying aircraft

mitrailler, canonner

mitrailler, canonner

Ex: The pilot skillfully strafed the enemy convoy , creating chaos and preventing it from reaching its destination .Le pilote a habilement **mitraillé** le convoi ennemi, créant le chaos et l'empêchant d'atteindre sa destination.

to maneuver around the side of an enemy force, position, or defensive line in order to gain a tactical advantage

déborder, contourner

déborder, contourner

Ex: The nimble cavalry units were deployed to outflank the slower-moving armored divisions and strike at vulnerable points .Les unités de cavalerie agile ont été déployées pour **contourner** les divisions blindées plus lentes et frapper aux points vulnérables.

to destroy someone or something completely

annihiler

annihiler

Ex: The powerful explosion annihilated the entire building .La puissante explosion a **anéanti** tout le bâtiment.

to defeat someone completely and decisively

vaincre, anéantir

vaincre, anéantir

Ex: The knights set out on a noble quest to vanquish the dragon that terrorized the nearby villages .Les chevaliers se sont lancés dans une noble quête pour **vaincre** le dragon qui terrorisait les villages voisins.
Vocabulaire pour l'IELTS Academic (Score 8-9)
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