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Vocabular pentru IELTS Academic (Scor 8-9) - War

Aici, vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză legate de război care sunt necesare pentru examenul academic IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
armada
armada
[substantiv]

a massive group of warships organized for military or strategic purposes

armada, flotă de război

armada, flotă de război

Ex: The Spanish armada sailed in 1588 to invade England. 
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mercenary
mercenary
[substantiv]

a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army, often motivated by payment rather than ideological or national allegiance

mercenar, soldat al norocului

mercenar, soldat al norocului

Ex: The army hired mercenaries to bolster its forces during the conflict in the region. 
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armistice
armistice
[substantiv]

a temporary stoppage or truce in hostilities between parties engaged in a war or conflict

armistițiu, încheierea ostilităților

armistițiu, încheierea ostilităților

Ex: The warring nations signed an armistice agreeing to a one-month ceasefire to allow humanitarian aid delivery and prisoner exchanges. 
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barricade
barricade
[substantiv]

a defensive barrier erected during wartime to obstruct enemy movement and provide protection for defending forces

baricadă

baricadă

Ex: Soldiers hastily constructed barricades using sandbags to fortify their positions against advancing enemy troops. 
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battalion
battalion
[substantiv]

a military unit composed of a varying number of companies or platoons, typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel

batalion, unitate militară

batalion, unitate militară

Ex: The battalion coordinated with other units for the large-scale exercise. 
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platoon
platoon
[substantiv]

a military unit, subdivision of a company, typically with a headquarters and two or more squads, usually led by a lieutenant

pluton, secție

pluton, secție

Ex: The battalion consists of several platoons. 
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espionage
espionage
[substantiv]

the covert gathering of information for political, military, or economic purposes, often conducted by intelligence agencies

spionaj

spionaj

Ex: The spy engaged in espionage activities to uncover sensitive military plans of the opposing nation. 
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coup
coup
[substantiv]

an unexpected, illegal, and often violent attempt to change a government

lovitură de stat

lovitură de stat

Ex: The military launched a coup to overthrow the democratically elected government and seize control of the country. 
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guerrilla
guerrilla
[substantiv]

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

gherilă, luptător neregulat

gherilă, luptător neregulat

Ex: The guerrilla fighters used their knowledge of the terrain to launch surprise attacks on enemy outposts. 
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onslaught
onslaught
[substantiv]

a fierce and intense attack, often with the goal of overwhelming the opponent

asalt,  ofensivă

asalt, ofensivă

Ex: The army launched a relentless onslaught against enemy positions, pushing them back and gaining ground. 
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armament
armament
[substantiv]

the military equipment and weaponry used by a country or military force

armament

armament

Ex: The country invested heavily in modernizing its armament, acquiring advanced missile defense systems and fighter jets. 
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artillery
artillery
[substantiv]

big heavy guns that are attached on top of moving wheels or tracks

artilerie

artilerie

Ex: The artillery barrage shook the ground as the shells rained down on the enemy positions. 
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arsenal
arsenal
[substantiv]

a building, complex, or site used for producing, keeping, or repairing arms and ammunition

arsenal, depozit de arme

arsenal, depozit de arme

Ex: The naval arsenal was attacked during the war. 
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deterrent
deterrent
[substantiv]

a military strategy or capability designed to dissuade an adversary from aggression

deterent, factor de descurajare

deterent, factor de descurajare

Ex: Nuclear weapons serve as a deterrent against potential nuclear attacks. 
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ammunition
ammunition
[substantiv]

bullets, shells, or other projectiles used in firearms

muniție, cartușe

muniție, cartușe

Ex: Soldiers checked their ammunition before the battle. 
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catapult
catapult
[substantiv]

a large weapon that was used in ancient times to throw stones or other objects with great force

catapultă, balistă

catapultă, balistă

Ex: Medieval siege engineers designed ever larger catapults capable of hurling massive projectiles to bring down fortification towers. 
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bazooka
bazooka
[substantiv]

a portable rocket launcher designed for use against tanks and armored vehicles

lansator de rachete portabil, bazooka

lansator de rachete portabil, bazooka

Ex: The infantry squad carried a bazooka to counter potential armored threats on the battlefield. 
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to lance
to lance
[verb]

to thrust or strike with a long-pointed weapon

înfige, străpunge

înfige, străpunge

Ex: The knight skillfully lanced his opponent during the jousting competition. 
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shrapnel
shrapnel
[substantiv]

fragments from an explosion, causing damage to surroundings

sfărâmături, șrapnel

sfărâmături, șrapnel

Ex: The blast sent shrapnel flying in all directions, causing injuries to nearby civilians. 
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musket
musket
[substantiv]

an early firearm with a long barrel, used by infantry from the 16th to 18th centuries

muschet, pușcă cu fitil

muschet, pușcă cu fitil

Ex: The musket was a standard infantry weapon during the American Revolutionary War. 
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mortar
mortar
[substantiv]

a short-barreled, muzzle-loaded artillery piece that fires explosive shells at high angles for close-range support

mortier, lansator de grenade

mortier, lansator de grenade

Ex: The soldiers set up a mortar to provide fire support for advancing infantry units. 
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affray
affray
[substantiv]

a public fight involving a group of people, typically causing a disturbance or public disorder

bătaie, încleştare

bătaie, încleştare

Ex: The police were called to the scene to break up an affray between two rival groups in the city center. 
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air raid
air raid
[substantiv]

an attack by aircraft, typically involving the dropping of bombs, on a location or a series of locations

raid aerian, bombardament aerian

raid aerian, bombardament aerian

Ex: The air raid sirens wailed as citizens rushed to seek shelter during the bombing. 
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atrocity
atrocity
[substantiv]

an extremely brutal act, especially in war

atrocitate, barbarie

atrocitate, barbarie

Ex: After the war ended, several leaders were put on trial for the atrocities they had sanctioned. 
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bridgehead
bridgehead
[substantiv]

an area in hostile territory captured and secured as a foothold for further troops and supplies

cap de pod, capăt de pod

cap de pod, capăt de pod

Ex: The army established a bridgehead on the far side of the river. 
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evacuee
evacuee
[substantiv]

an individual who is forced to flee from a dangerous place or region

evacuat, refugiat

evacuat, refugiat

Ex: The evacuees were transported to temporary shelters after their homes were destroyed by the hurricane. 
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garrison
garrison
[substantiv]

a military stronghold where soldiers are stationed for defense

garnizoană, fortăreață

garnizoană, fortăreață

Ex: The castle served as a garrison for the king's soldiers. 
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to blitz
to blitz
[verb]

to carry out a sudden and intense military attack

a efectua un atac militar brusc și intens, a face un blitz

a efectua un atac militar brusc și intens, a face un blitz

Ex: The military commanders decided to blitz the enemy's positions, hoping to catch them off guard. 
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to pillage

to plunder, typically during times of war or civil unrest

jefui, prăda

jefui, prăda

Ex: The invading army was condemned for its actions as it began to pillage villages, leaving destruction in its wake. 
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to plunder

to steal goods from a place or person, especially during times of war, chaos, or civil disorder

jefui, prăda

jefui, prăda

Ex: During the invasion, the army decided to plunder the enemy's resources. 
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to strafe
to strafe
[verb]

to attack ground targets, such as enemy troops or installations, with gunfire from low-flying aircraft

mitralia, bombarda

mitralia, bombarda

Ex: As the ground forces advanced, air support was called in to strafe the opposing troops, disrupting their formation. 
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to outflank

to maneuver around the side of an enemy force, position, or defensive line in order to gain a tactical advantage

flanca, ocoli

flanca, ocoli

Ex: The general devised a plan to outflank the enemy, sending a contingent of troops to attack from the rear. 
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to annihilate

to destroy someone or something completely

anihila, distruge complet

anihila, distruge complet

Ex: The powerful explosion threatened to annihilate the entire building. 
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to vanquish

to defeat someone completely and decisively

învinge, anihila

învinge, anihila

Ex: The mighty army sought to vanquish the opposing forces and secure dominance over the region. 
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