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Humanités SAT - Religion et systèmes de croyance

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la religion et aux systèmes de croyance, tels que "écriture", "païen", "martyr", etc. dont vous aurez besoin pour réussir vos SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities

the sacred writings of the Christian faith, comprising the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, considered authoritative and divinely inspired by Christian

Écriture sainte, Saintes Écritures

Écriture sainte, Saintes Écritures

Ex: Scripture readings are integral to Christian worship services , with passages chosen based on the liturgical calendar or thematic focus .Les lectures des **Écritures** sont essentielles aux services de culte chrétiens, avec des passages choisis en fonction du calendrier liturgique ou de l'orientation thématique.
deity
[nom]

a supernatural figure that is worshipped like a god or goddess

déité

déité

Ex: The deity's followers celebrated their faith with elaborate rituals .Les adeptes de la **divinité** ont célébré leur foi avec des rituels élaborés.
altar
[nom]

the table in a church, used for giving communion in Christianity

autel

autel

Ex: The priest placed the chalice and paten on the altar before the Eucharistic celebration .Le prêtre a placé le calice et la patène sur l'**autel** avant la célébration eucharistique.

the divine guidance, care, and intervention of a higher power

providence, la providence divine

providence, la providence divine

Ex: Believers express gratitude for the providence of God , acknowledging blessings and unexpected positive outcomes in their lives .Les croyants expriment leur gratitude pour la **providence** de Dieu, reconnaissant les bénédictions et les résultats positifs inattendus dans leur vie.
rite
[nom]

a formal or ceremonial act, procedure, or ritual, often associated with religious practices

rite, cérémonie

rite, cérémonie

Ex: During the Easter service , the congregation participated in the solemn rite of communion .Pendant le service de Pâques, l'assemblée a participé au **rite** solennel de la communion.
mosque
[nom]

a place of worship, used by Muslims

mosquée

mosquée

Ex: He listened to the imam 's sermon during the weekly Friday sermon at the mosque.Il a écouté le sermon de l'imam pendant le sermon hebdomadaire du vendredi à la **mosquée**.
clergy
[nom]

people who are officially chosen to lead religious services in a church or other religious institution

clergé

clergé

Ex: The church was filled with clergy from different denominations .L'église était remplie de **clergé** de différentes confessions.

a follower or student who adheres to the teachings and practices of a particular leader, teacher, or philosophy

disciple

disciple

Ex: The philosopher 's disciples carried on his legacy by teaching future generations about his ideas and principles .Les **disciples** du philosophe ont perpétué son héritage en enseignant aux générations futures ses idées et ses principes.
monk
[nom]

a member of a male religious group that lives in a monastery

moine

moine

Ex: The monk's robe and shaved head were symbols of his commitment to his religious order .La robe du **moine** et sa tête rasée étaient des symboles de son engagement envers son ordre religieux.

a distinct branch or or subgroup within a larger religious tradition, characterized by specific beliefs, practices, and organizational structures

confession, dénomination

confession, dénomination

Ex: She converted to a new denomination of Christianity after studying its beliefs and practices .Elle s'est convertie à une nouvelle **confession** du christianisme après avoir étudié ses croyances et pratiques.
hymn
[nom]

a religious song intended to praise God, especially sung by Christians in congregation

hymne

hymne

Ex: The choir performed a beautiful hymn during the Easter celebration .La chorale a interprété un beau **cantique** lors de la célébration de Pâques.
Gospel
[nom]

the written message or teachings of a religious leader that is accepted by their followers

doctrine

doctrine

a journey or religious expedition to a sacred place or shrine, typically undertaken for spiritual or religious reasons

pèlerinage, voyage religieux

pèlerinage, voyage religieux

Ex: The annual Thaipusam festival in Malaysia involves a pilgrimage to the Batu Caves , where devotees perform acts of devotion and penance .Le festival annuel de Thaipusam en Malaisie implique un **pèlerinage** vers les grottes de Batu, où les dévots accomplissent des actes de dévotion et de pénitence.

a prayer asking for blessing and protection

bénédiction

bénédiction

Ex: Each night , the grandmother would offer a benediction over her sleeping grandchildren .Chaque nuit, la grand-mère offrait une **bénédiction** sur ses petits-enfants endormis.
secular
[Adjectif]

not concerned or connected with religion

laïque, séculier

laïque, séculier

Ex: Secular organizations advocate for the separation of church and state in public affairs .
sacred
[Adjectif]

connected with God or a god, and considered holy or deeply respected in religious contexts

sacré

sacré

Ex: The sacred symbols adorning the shrine hold spiritual significance for believers .Les symboles **sacrés** ornant le sanctuaire ont une signification spirituelle pour les croyants.
pagan
[Adjectif]

relating to religions or spiritual systems outside the world's main religions

païen, polythéiste

païen, polythéiste

Ex: His interest in pagan mythology led him to study the ancient texts of Norse and Celtic cultures.Son intérêt pour la mythologie **païenne** l'a conduit à étudier les textes anciens des cultures nordique et celtique.

to fulfill a role in religious service or guidance, providing support and leadership within a community

exercer un ministère, servir

exercer un ministère, servir

Ex: The religious leader continued to minister, delivering sermons and conducting ceremonies for the congregation .Le leader religieux a continué à **exercer son ministère**, prononçant des sermons et dirigeant des cérémonies pour la congrégation.
to baptize
[verbe]

to initiate into a religious faith by immersing in or sprinkling with water

baptiser, ondoyer

baptiser, ondoyer

Ex: The priest gently baptized the baby , welcoming them into the community of believers .Le prêtre a doucement **baptisé** le bébé, l'accueillant dans la communauté des croyants.

to make something sacred through religious rituals

consacrer

consacrer

Ex: The priest used sacred oils to consecrate the baptismal font , setting it apart for the initiation of new members into the faith .Le prêtre a utilisé des huiles sacrées pour **consacrer** les fonts baptismaux, les distinguant ainsi pour l'initiation de nouveaux membres à la foi.
dogma
[nom]

a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance

dogme

dogme

Ex: The cult 's dogma required followers to adhere to a set of rigid and unquestionable rules .Le **dogme** de la secte exigeait que les adeptes adhèrent à un ensemble de règles rigides et incontestables.
motto
[nom]

a brief statement or phrase that represents the guiding beliefs or ideals of an individual, family, or institution

devise

devise

Ex: The company 's motto, " Innovation for Tomorrow , " reflects its commitment to forward-thinking and progress .
credo
[nom]

a formal statement of beliefs or principles, often religious or philosophical in nature

credo, profession de foi

credo, profession de foi

Ex: The educator 's credo may prioritize fostering a love of learning , equity in education , and the holistic development of students .Le **credo** de l'éducateur peut donner la priorité à favoriser l'amour de l'apprentissage, l'équité dans l'éducation et le développement holistique des élèves.

the belief that the human spirit or soul can survive after death and communicate with the living

spiritisme, spiritualisme

spiritisme, spiritualisme

Ex: Spiritualism gained popularity in the 19th century as people sought to contact the dead .Le **spiritisme** a gagné en popularité au XIXe siècle alors que les gens cherchaient à contacter les morts.

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

rationalisme

rationalisme

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

idéalisme

idéalisme

Ex: The teacher encouraged idealism, asking students to envision a perfect future .L'enseignant a encouragé **l'idéalisme**, demandant aux élèves d'imaginer un avenir parfait.

the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds

déterminisme

déterminisme

a strict commitment to the core beliefs and teachings of a religion, often accompanied by a literal interpretation of its sacred texts

fondamentalisme, intégrisme

fondamentalisme, intégrisme

Ex: Islamic fundamentalism seeks to implement Sharia law based on a strict interpretation of the Quran .Le **fondamentalisme** islamique cherche à mettre en œuvre la charia sur la base d'une interprétation stricte du Coran.

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

empirisme

empirisme

Ex: Critics of empiricism argue that it may overlook the importance of a priori knowledge and the inherent structures of the mind that influence how we perceive and interpret experiences .Les critiques de l'**empirisme** soutiennent qu'il peut négliger l'importance des connaissances a priori et des structures inhérentes de l'esprit qui influencent la façon dont nous percevons et interprétons les expériences.

the conviction that prioritizes self-reliance and personal independence as virtues

individualisme, l'individualisme

individualisme, l'individualisme

Ex: The debate between individualism and collectivism is central to many political and social theories .Le débat entre **l'individualisme** et le collectivisme est au cœur de nombreuses théories politiques et sociales.

the idea or belief that personal well-being and happiness depend on the purchase of material goods

consumérisme

consumérisme

Ex: Advertising plays a significant role in promoting consumerism by persuading people to buy products they may not necessarily need .La publicité joue un rôle important dans la promotion du **consumérisme** en persuadant les gens d'acheter des produits dont ils n'ont pas nécessairement besoin.

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

matérialisme

matérialisme

dualism
[nom]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

dualisme, la doctrine du dualisme

dualisme, la doctrine du dualisme

Ex: Gender dualism explores the binary classification of gender roles and identities into male and female categories .Le **dualisme** de genre explore la classification binaire des rôles et identités de genre en catégories masculines et féminines.

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

égalitariste, partisan de l'égalité

égalitariste, partisan de l'égalité

Ex: The egalitarian’s speech inspired many to join the movement for racial equality .Le discours de l'**égalitariste** a inspiré beaucoup de gens à rejoindre le mouvement pour l'égalité raciale.

someone who supports the theory that actions are morally right if they maximize happiness or pleasure and morally wrong if they cause unhappiness or pain, regardless of other outcomes

utilitaire

utilitaire

Ex: Utilitarians prioritize the greatest good for the greatest number , aiming to achieve the most favorable outcomes for society as a whole .Les **utilitaristes** privilégient le plus grand bien pour le plus grand nombre, visant à obtenir les résultats les plus favorables pour la société dans son ensemble.

an individual who is against war and violence as a way to settle disagreements or conflicts

pacifiste

pacifiste

Ex: Despite threats , the pacifist continued to speak out against violence and aggression .Malgré les menaces, le **pacifiste** a continué à dénoncer la violence et l'agression.
zealot
[nom]

a person with very strong opinions on different matters such as religion or politics who tries to impose them on others

zélote, fanatique

zélote, fanatique

Ex: The political zealot was known for his extreme views and unwavering commitment to his party 's agenda .Le **zélote** politique était connu pour ses opinions extrêmes et son engagement inébranlable envers le programme de son parti.
radical
[nom]

a person whose political inclination is social and political change

radical, extrémiste

radical, extrémiste

a person who advocates for the complete elimination of something

abolitionniste, partisan de l'abolition

abolitionniste, partisan de l'abolition

Ex: Susan B. Anthony was not only a suffragist but also an abolitionist who fought for the rights of women and slaves .Susan B. Anthony n'était pas seulement une suffragette mais aussi une **abolitionniste** qui a lutté pour les droits des femmes et des esclaves.

a person who holds radical views, particularly in politics or religion, and is willing to use extreme measures to achieve their goals

extrémiste, fanatique

extrémiste, fanatique

Ex: The extremist's speeches were filled with inflammatory rhetoric aimed at inciting hatred and division .Les discours de l'**extrémiste** étaient remplis de rhétorique incendiaire visant à inciter à la haine et à la division.
martyr
[nom]

someone who is killed because of their beliefs

martyr, martyre

martyr, martyre

Ex: The group honored the martyr who sacrificed their life for freedom .Le groupe a honoré le **martyr** qui a sacrifié sa vie pour la liberté.
to espouse
[verbe]

to take up, follow, or support a cause, belief, ideology, etc.

épouser, embrasser

épouser, embrasser

Humanités SAT
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