pattern

Humanitní Vědy SAT - Systémy náboženství a víry

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s náboženstvím a systémy víry, jako je „svaté písmo“, „pohan“, „mučedník“ atd., která budete potřebovat, abyste zvládli své SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
Scripture
[Podstatné jméno]

the sacred writings of the Christian faith, comprising the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, considered authoritative and divinely inspired by Christian

písmo, svaté písmo

písmo, svaté písmo

Ex: Scripture readings are integral to Christian worship services , with passages chosen based on the liturgical calendar or thematic focus .
deity
[Podstatné jméno]

a supernatural figure that is worshipped like a god or goddess

božstvo, deita

božstvo, deita

Ex: deity's followers celebrated their faith with elaborate rituals .
altar
[Podstatné jméno]

the table in a church, used for giving communion in Christianity

oltář, stůl v kostele

oltář, stůl v kostele

Ex: The priest placed the chalice and paten on altar before the Eucharistic celebration .
providence
[Podstatné jméno]

the divine guidance, care, and intervention of a higher power

providence, vůle Boží

providence, vůle Boží

Ex: Believers express gratitude for providence of God , acknowledging blessings and unexpected positive outcomes in their lives .
rite
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal or ceremonial act, procedure, or ritual, often associated with religious practices

ritus, obřad

ritus, obřad

Ex: During the Easter service , the congregation participated in the rite of communion .
mosque
[Podstatné jméno]

a place of worship, used by Muslims

mešita, modlitebna

mešita, modlitebna

Ex: He listened to the imam 's sermon during the weekly Friday sermon at mosque.
clergy
[Podstatné jméno]

people who are officially chosen to lead religious services in a church or other religious institution

duchovenstvo, klérus

duchovenstvo, klérus

Ex: The church was filled clergy from different denominations .
disciple
[Podstatné jméno]

a follower or student who adheres to the teachings and practices of a particular leader, teacher, or philosophy

žák, následovník

žák, následovník

Ex: The philosopherdisciples carried on his legacy by teaching future generations about his ideas and principles .
monk
[Podstatné jméno]

a member of a male religious group that lives in a monastery

mnich, mnišek

mnich, mnišek

Ex: monk's robe and shaved head were symbols of his commitment to his religious order .
denomination
[Podstatné jméno]

a distinct branch or or subgroup within a larger religious tradition, characterized by specific beliefs, practices, and organizational structures

denominace, odvětví

denominace, odvětví

Ex: She converted to a denomination of Christianity after studying its beliefs and practices .
hymn
[Podstatné jméno]

a religious song intended to praise God, especially sung by Christians in congregation

hymna, píseň

hymna, píseň

Ex: The choir performed a hymn during the Easter celebration .
Gospel
[Podstatné jméno]

the written message or teachings of a religious leader that is accepted by their followers

Evangelium, Zvěst

Evangelium, Zvěst

pilgrimage
[Podstatné jméno]

a journey or religious expedition to a sacred place or shrine, typically undertaken for spiritual or religious reasons

pout, poutní cesta

pout, poutní cesta

Ex: The annual Thaipusam festival in Malaysia involves pilgrimage to the Batu Caves , where devotees perform acts of devotion and penance .
benediction
[Podstatné jméno]

a prayer asking for blessing and protection

požehnání, bližení

požehnání, bližení

Ex: Each night , the grandmother would offer benediction over her sleeping grandchildren .
secular
[Přídavné jméno]

not concerned or connected with religion

sekulární, laický

sekulární, laický

Ex: Secular organizations advocate for the separation of church and state in public affairs .
sacred
[Přídavné jméno]

connected with God or a god, and considered holy or deeply respected in religious contexts

svatý, posvátný

svatý, posvátný

Ex: sacred symbols adorning the shrine hold spiritual significance for believers .
pagan
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to religions or spiritual systems outside the world's main religions

pohanský, pohanského původu

pohanský, pohanského původu

Ex: His interest in pagan mythology led him to study the ancient texts of Norse and Celtic cultures.
to minister
[sloveso]

to fulfill a role in religious service or guidance, providing support and leadership within a community

působit, sloužit

působit, sloužit

Ex: The religious leader continued minister, delivering sermons and conducting ceremonies for the congregation .
to baptize
[sloveso]

to initiate into a religious faith by immersing in or sprinkling with water

pokřtít, křtít

pokřtít, křtít

Ex: The priest baptized the baby , welcoming them into the community of believers .
to consecrate
[sloveso]

to make something sacred through religious rituals

posvětit, zasvětit

posvětit, zasvětit

Ex: The priest used sacred oils consecrate the baptismal font , setting it apart for the initiation of new members into the faith .
dogma
[Podstatné jméno]

a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance

dogma, náboženské dogma

dogma, náboženské dogma

Ex: The cultdogma required followers to adhere to a set of rigid and unquestionable rules .
motto
[Podstatné jméno]

a brief statement or phrase that represents the guiding beliefs or ideals of an individual, family, or institution

motto, heslo

motto, heslo

Ex: The companymotto, " Innovation for Tomorrow , " reflects its commitment to forward-thinking and progress .
credo
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal statement of beliefs or principles, often religious or philosophical in nature

kredo, přesvědčení

kredo, přesvědčení

Ex: The educatorcredo may prioritize fostering a love of learning , equity in education , and the holistic development of students .
spiritualism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief that the human spirit or soul can survive after death and communicate with the living

spiritualismus, duchovní nauka

spiritualismus, duchovní nauka

Ex: Spiritualism gained popularity in the 19th century as people sought to contact the dead .
rationalism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

racionalismus, racionalita

racionalismus, racionalita

idealism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

idealismus, ideálismus

idealismus, ideálismus

Ex: The teacher idealism, asking students to envision a perfect future .
determinism
[Podstatné jméno]

the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds

determinismus, teorie determinismu

determinismus, teorie determinismu

fundamentalism
[Podstatné jméno]

a strict commitment to the core beliefs and teachings of a religion, often accompanied by a literal interpretation of its sacred texts

fundamentalismus, fundamentalistické učení

fundamentalismus, fundamentalistické učení

Ex: fundamentalism seeks to implement Sharia law based on a strict interpretation of the Quran .
empiricism
[Podstatné jméno]

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

empirismus, empirická poznání

empirismus, empirická poznání

Ex: Critics empiricism argue that it may overlook the importance of a priori knowledge and the inherent structures of the mind that influence how we perceive and interpret experiences .
individualism
[Podstatné jméno]

the conviction that prioritizes self-reliance and personal independence as virtues

individualismus, individuální přístup

individualismus, individuální přístup

Ex: The debate individualism and collectivism is central to many political and social theories .
consumerism
[Podstatné jméno]

the idea or belief that personal well-being and happiness depend on the purchase of material goods

konsumismus, konzum

konsumismus, konzum

Ex: Advertising plays a significant role in consumerism by persuading people to buy products they may not necessarily need .
materialism
[Podstatné jméno]

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

materialismus, materiální filozofie

materialismus, materiální filozofie

dualism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

dualismus, dvojismysl

dualismus, dvojismysl

Ex: dualism explores the binary classification of gender roles and identities into male and female categories .
egalitarian
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

egalitář, rovnostář

egalitář, rovnostář

Ex: egalitarian’s speech inspired many to join the movement for racial equality .
utilitarian
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who supports the theory that actions are morally right if they maximize happiness or pleasure and morally wrong if they cause unhappiness or pain, regardless of other outcomes

utilitarista, utilitarianista

utilitarista, utilitarianista

Ex: Utilitarians prioritize the greatest good for the greatest number , aiming to achieve the most favorable outcomes for society as a whole .
pacifist
[Podstatné jméno]

an individual who is against war and violence as a way to settle disagreements or conflicts

pacifista, mírový aktivista

pacifista, mírový aktivista

Ex: Despite threats , pacifist continued to speak out against violence and aggression .
zealot
[Podstatné jméno]

a person with very strong opinions on different matters such as religion or politics who tries to impose them on others

fanatik, horlivec

fanatik, horlivec

Ex: The zealot was known for his extreme views and unwavering commitment to his party 's agenda .
radical
[Podstatné jméno]

a person whose political inclination is social and political change

radikál, radikální osoba

radikál, radikální osoba

abolitionist
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who advocates for the complete elimination of something

abolicionista, zrušitel

abolicionista, zrušitel

Ex: Susan B. Anthony was not only a suffragist but also abolitionist who fought for the rights of women and slaves .
extremist
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who holds radical views, particularly in politics or religion, and is willing to use extreme measures to achieve their goals

extrémista, radikál

extrémista, radikál

Ex: extremist's speeches were filled with inflammatory rhetoric aimed at inciting hatred and division .
martyr
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who is killed because of their beliefs

mučedník, martyr

mučedník, martyr

Ex: The group honored martyr who sacrificed their life for freedom .
to espouse
[sloveso]

to take up, follow, or support a cause, belief, ideology, etc.

přijmout, podporovat

přijmout, podporovat

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