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人文学科SAT - 宗教与信仰体系

在这里,你将学习一些与宗教和信仰体系相关的英语单词,如“经文”、“异教徒”、“殉道者”等,这些单词是你通过SAT考试所需要的。

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
Scripture
[名词]

the sacred writings of the Christian faith, comprising the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, considered authoritative and divinely inspired by Christian

圣经, 圣典

圣经, 圣典

Ex: Scripture readings are integral to Christian worship services , with passages chosen based on the liturgical calendar or thematic focus .**圣经**诵读是基督教崇拜服务的组成部分,所选段落基于礼拜日历或主题焦点。
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deity
[名词]

a supernatural figure that is worshipped like a god or goddess

神, 神明

神, 神明

Ex: The deity's followers celebrated their faith with elaborate rituals .**神**的信徒们用精心设计的仪式庆祝了他们的信仰。
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altar
[名词]

the table in a church, used for giving communion in Christianity

祭坛, 圣餐台

祭坛, 圣餐台

Ex: The priest placed the chalice and paten on the altar before the Eucharistic celebration .祭司在圣体庆典前将圣杯和圣盘放在**祭坛**上。
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providence
[名词]

the divine guidance, care, and intervention of a higher power

天意, 神的天意

天意, 神的天意

Ex: Believers express gratitude for the providence of God , acknowledging blessings and unexpected positive outcomes in their lives .信徒们对上帝的**眷顾**表示感谢,承认他们生活中的祝福和意外的积极结果。
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rite
[名词]

a formal or ceremonial act, procedure, or ritual, often associated with religious practices

仪式, 典礼

仪式, 典礼

Ex: During the Easter service , the congregation participated in the solemn rite of communion .在复活节礼拜期间,会众参与了庄严的圣餐**仪式**。
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mosque
[名词]

a place of worship, used by Muslims

清真寺, 穆斯林礼拜场所

清真寺, 穆斯林礼拜场所

Ex: He listened to the imam 's sermon during the weekly Friday sermon at the mosque.他在**清真寺**每周五的布道中听了伊玛目的讲道。
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clergy
[名词]

people who are officially chosen to lead religious services in a church or other religious institution

神职人员, 牧师

神职人员, 牧师

Ex: The church was filled with clergy from different denominations .教堂里挤满了来自不同教派的**神职人员**。
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disciple
[名词]

a follower or student who adheres to the teachings and practices of a particular leader, teacher, or philosophy

门徒,  追随者

门徒, 追随者

Ex: The philosopher 's disciples carried on his legacy by teaching future generations about his ideas and principles .哲学家的**门徒**通过向后代传授他的思想和原则来延续他的遗产。
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monk
[名词]

a member of a male religious group that lives in a monastery

和尚, 僧侣

和尚, 僧侣

Ex: The monk's robe and shaved head were symbols of his commitment to his religious order .**和尚**的袍子和剃光的头是他对宗教秩序承诺的象征。
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denomination
[名词]

a distinct branch or or subgroup within a larger religious tradition, characterized by specific beliefs, practices, and organizational structures

教派, 宗派

教派, 宗派

Ex: She converted to a new denomination of Christianity after studying its beliefs and practices .在研究其信仰和实践后,她皈依了基督教的一个新**教派**。
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hymn
[名词]

a religious song intended to praise God, especially sung by Christians in congregation

赞美诗, 圣歌

赞美诗, 圣歌

Ex: The choir performed a beautiful hymn during the Easter celebration .合唱团在复活节庆祝活动中演唱了一首美丽的**赞美诗**。
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Gospel
[名词]

the written message or teachings of a religious leader that is accepted by their followers

福音, 好消息

福音, 好消息

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pilgrimage
[名词]

a journey or religious expedition to a sacred place or shrine, typically undertaken for spiritual or religious reasons

朝圣, 宗教之旅

朝圣, 宗教之旅

Ex: The annual Thaipusam festival in Malaysia involves a pilgrimage to the Batu Caves , where devotees perform acts of devotion and penance .马来西亚一年一度的大宝森节包括前往黑风洞的**朝圣**,信徒在那里进行虔诚和忏悔的行为。
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benediction
[名词]

a prayer asking for blessing and protection

祝福

祝福

Ex: Each night , the grandmother would offer a benediction over her sleeping grandchildren .每天晚上,祖母都会为睡着的孙子们献上**祝福**。
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secular
[形容词]

not concerned or connected with religion

世俗的, 非宗教的

世俗的, 非宗教的

Ex: Secular organizations advocate for the separation of church and state in public affairs .
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sacred
[形容词]

connected with God or a god, and considered holy or deeply respected in religious contexts

神圣的, 圣洁的

神圣的, 圣洁的

Ex: The sacred symbols adorning the shrine hold spiritual significance for believers .装饰神殿的**神圣**符号对信徒具有精神意义。
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pagan
[形容词]

relating to religions or spiritual systems outside the world's main religions

异教的, 多神教的

异教的, 多神教的

Ex: His interest in pagan mythology led him to study the ancient texts of Norse and Celtic cultures.他对**异教**神话的兴趣使他研究了挪威和凯尔特文化的古代文本。
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to minister
[动词]

to fulfill a role in religious service or guidance, providing support and leadership within a community

服务, 传道

服务, 传道

Ex: The religious leader continued to minister, delivering sermons and conducting ceremonies for the congregation .宗教领袖继续**事奉**,为会众讲道并举行仪式。
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to baptize
[动词]

to initiate into a religious faith by immersing in or sprinkling with water

施洗, 浸入水中

施洗, 浸入水中

Ex: The priest gently baptized the baby , welcoming them into the community of believers .牧师轻轻地**洗礼**了婴儿,欢迎他们加入信徒的社区。
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to make something sacred through religious rituals

神圣化, 奉献

神圣化, 奉献

Ex: The priest used sacred oils to consecrate the baptismal font , setting it apart for the initiation of new members into the faith .牧师用圣油**祝圣**了洗礼池,将其分开用于新成员加入信仰的仪式。
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dogma
[名词]

a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance

教条, 信仰

教条, 信仰

Ex: The cult 's dogma required followers to adhere to a set of rigid and unquestionable rules .邪教的**教条**要求追随者遵守一套严格且不容置疑的规则。
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motto
[名词]

a brief statement or phrase that represents the guiding beliefs or ideals of an individual, family, or institution

座右铭, 格言

座右铭, 格言

Ex: The company 's motto, " Innovation for Tomorrow , " reflects its commitment to forward-thinking and progress .
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credo
[名词]

a formal statement of beliefs or principles, often religious or philosophical in nature

信条, 信仰宣言

信条, 信仰宣言

Ex: The educator 's credo may prioritize fostering a love of learning , equity in education , and the holistic development of students .教育工作者的**信条**可能会优先考虑培养对学习的热爱、教育公平和学生的全面发展。
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spiritualism
[名词]

the belief that the human spirit or soul can survive after death and communicate with the living

招魂术, 唯灵论

招魂术, 唯灵论

Ex: Spiritualism gained popularity in the 19th century as people sought to contact the dead .**招魂术**在19世纪变得流行,当时人们试图与死者联系。
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rationalism
[名词]

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

理性主义, 唯理论

理性主义, 唯理论

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idealism
[名词]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

理想主义

理想主义

Ex: The teacher encouraged idealism, asking students to envision a perfect future .老师鼓励**理想主义**,要求学生设想一个完美的未来。
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determinism
[名词]

the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds

决定论, 宿命论

决定论, 宿命论

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a strict commitment to the core beliefs and teachings of a religion, often accompanied by a literal interpretation of its sacred texts

原教旨主义, 基要主义

原教旨主义, 基要主义

Ex: Islamic fundamentalism seeks to implement Sharia law based on a strict interpretation of the Quran .伊斯兰**原教旨主义**寻求基于对《古兰经》的严格解释实施伊斯兰教法。
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empiricism
[名词]

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

经验主义, 实验主义

经验主义, 实验主义

Ex: Critics of empiricism argue that it may overlook the importance of a priori knowledge and the inherent structures of the mind that influence how we perceive and interpret experiences .**经验主义**的批评者认为,它可能忽视了先验知识的重要性以及影响我们感知和解释经验的心灵固有结构。
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the conviction that prioritizes self-reliance and personal independence as virtues

个人主义, 個人主義

个人主义, 個人主義

Ex: The debate between individualism and collectivism is central to many political and social theories .**个人主义**与集体主义之间的辩论是许多政治和社会理论的核心。
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consumerism
[名词]

the idea or belief that personal well-being and happiness depend on the purchase of material goods

消费主义,  物质主义

消费主义, 物质主义

Ex: Advertising plays a significant role in promoting consumerism by persuading people to buy products they may not necessarily need .广告通过说服人们购买他们不一定需要的产品,在促进**消费主义**方面发挥着重要作用。
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materialism
[名词]

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

唯物主义, 唯物哲学

唯物主义, 唯物哲学

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dualism
[名词]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

二元论, 二元论学说

二元论, 二元论学说

Ex: Gender dualism explores the binary classification of gender roles and identities into male and female categories .性别**二元论**探讨了将性别角色和身份分为男性和女性类别的二元分类。
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egalitarian
[名词]

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

平等主义者, 平等的倡导者

平等主义者, 平等的倡导者

Ex: The egalitarian’s speech inspired many to join the movement for racial equality .**平等主义者**的演讲激励了许多人加入种族平等的运动。
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utilitarian
[名词]

someone who supports the theory that actions are morally right if they maximize happiness or pleasure and morally wrong if they cause unhappiness or pain, regardless of other outcomes

功利主义者

功利主义者

Ex: Utilitarians prioritize the greatest good for the greatest number , aiming to achieve the most favorable outcomes for society as a whole .**功利主义者**优先考虑最大多数人的最大利益,旨在为整个社会实现最有利的结果。
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pacifist
[名词]

an individual who is against war and violence as a way to settle disagreements or conflicts

和平主义者

和平主义者

Ex: Despite threats , the pacifist continued to speak out against violence and aggression .尽管受到威胁,**和平主义者**继续发声反对暴力和侵略。
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zealot
[名词]

a person with very strong opinions on different matters such as religion or politics who tries to impose them on others

狂热者, 狂热分子

狂热者, 狂热分子

Ex: The political zealot was known for his extreme views and unwavering commitment to his party 's agenda .这位政治**狂热分子**以其极端观点和对党派议程的坚定承诺而闻名。
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radical
[名词]

a person whose political inclination is social and political change

激进分子, 活动家

激进分子, 活动家

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abolitionist
[名词]

a person who advocates for the complete elimination of something

废除主义者, 废除的支持者

废除主义者, 废除的支持者

Ex: Susan B. Anthony was not only a suffragist but also an abolitionist who fought for the rights of women and slaves .苏珊·B·安东尼不仅是一位女权主义者,还是一位为妇女和奴隶权利而战的**废奴主义者**。
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extremist
[名词]

a person who holds radical views, particularly in politics or religion, and is willing to use extreme measures to achieve their goals

极端分子, 狂热分子

极端分子, 狂热分子

Ex: The extremist's speeches were filled with inflammatory rhetoric aimed at inciting hatred and division .**极端分子**的演讲充满了旨在煽动仇恨和分裂的煽动性言论。
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martyr
[名词]

someone who is killed because of their beliefs

殉道者, 烈士

殉道者, 烈士

Ex: The group honored the martyr who sacrificed their life for freedom .该团体向为自由牺牲生命的**烈士**致敬。
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to espouse
[动词]

to take up, follow, or support a cause, belief, ideology, etc.

拥护, 采纳

拥护, 采纳

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