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Științe Umaniste SAT - Religie și sisteme de credințe

Aici vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză legate de religie și sisteme de credință, cum ar fi "scriptură", "păgân", "martir" etc. de care vei avea nevoie pentru a trece de SAT-urile tale.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
Scripture
Scripture
[substantiv]

the sacred writings of the Christian faith, comprising the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, considered authoritative and divinely inspired by Christian

Sfânta Scriptură, Scripturile Sfinte

Sfânta Scriptură, Scripturile Sfinte

Ex: The Bible, as a central scripture in Christianity, is divided into the Old Testament and the New Testament. 
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deity
deity
[substantiv]

a supernatural figure that is worshipped like a god or goddess

zeitate, zeu

zeitate, zeu

Ex: In ancient Greece, Zeus was considered a powerful deity. 
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altar
altar
[substantiv]

the table in a church, used for giving communion in Christianity

altar, masa de împărtășanie

altar, masa de împărtășanie

Ex: The congregation gathered around the altar for the morning service. 
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providence
providence
[substantiv]

the divine guidance, care, and intervention of a higher power

providență, providența divină

providență, providența divină

Ex: The religious community attributed their survival in difficult times to the providence of God, believing in divine protection. 
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rite
rite
[substantiv]

a formal or ceremonial act, procedure, or ritual, often associated with religious practices

rit, ceremonie

rit, ceremonie

Ex: The priestess performed the purification rite to cleanse the temple before the annual festival. 
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mosque
mosque
[substantiv]

a place of worship, used by Muslims

moschee, loc de cult musulman

moschee, loc de cult musulman

Ex: The minaret of the mosque towered over the city skyline, calling the faithful to prayer. 
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clergy
clergy
[substantiv]

people who are officially chosen to lead religious services in a church or other religious institution

cler, preoți

cler, preoți

Ex: The clergy gathered for the annual conference. 
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disciple
disciple
[substantiv]

a follower or student who adheres to the teachings and practices of a particular leader, teacher, or philosophy

ucenic,  adept

ucenic, adept

Ex: Jesus Christ had many disciples who followed him and spread his teachings. 
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monk
monk
[substantiv]

a member of a male religious group that lives in a monastery

călugăr, religios

călugăr, religios

Ex: The monk spent his days in prayer and contemplation within the monastery walls. 
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denomination
denomination
[substantiv]

a distinct branch or or subgroup within a larger religious tradition, characterized by specific beliefs, practices, and organizational structures

confesiune, denominație

confesiune, denominație

Ex: The Catholic Church is the largest denomination within Christianity, with millions of followers worldwide. 
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hymn
hymn
[substantiv]

a religious song intended to praise God, especially sung by Christians in congregation

imn, cântec religios

imn, cântec religios

Ex: The congregation sang a hymn at the beginning of the service. 
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gospel
gospel
[substantiv]

a set of teachings or principles of a religious group considered authoritative or generally accepted within that group

evanghelie, doctrină

evanghelie, doctrină

Ex: Followers adhere to the gospel of their faith. 
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pilgrimage
pilgrimage
[substantiv]

a journey or religious expedition to a sacred place or shrine, typically undertaken for spiritual or religious reasons

pelerinaj, călătorie religioasă

pelerinaj, călătorie religioasă

Ex: Every year, devout Hindus embark on a pilgrimage to the sacred city of Varanasi to bathe in the holy Ganges River. 
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benediction
benediction
[substantiv]

a prayer asking for divine blessing, protection, or guidance

binecuvântare, rugăciune de binecuvântare

binecuvântare, rugăciune de binecuvântare

Ex: The priest offered a benediction at the end of the ceremony. 
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secular
secular
[adjectiv]

not concerned or connected with religion

secular, laic

secular, laic

Ex: The school is secular, meaning it does not promote any specific religious beliefs. 
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sacred
sacred
[adjectiv]

connected with God or a god, and considered holy or deeply respected in religious contexts

sfânt, sacru

sfânt, sacru

Ex: The river is considered sacred in many indigenous cultures. 
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pagan
pagan
[adjectiv]

relating to religions or spiritual systems outside the world's main religions

păgân, politeist

păgân, politeist

Ex: Pagan rituals often involve ceremonies honoring natural phenomena such as the changing of seasons. 
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to minister

to fulfill a role in religious service or guidance, providing support and leadership within a community

sluji, predica

sluji, predica

Ex: After completing seminary, she decided to minister to a local community as a pastor. 
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to baptize

to initiate into a religious faith by immersing in or sprinkling with water

boteza, scufunda în apă

boteza, scufunda în apă

Ex: The pastor will baptize the newborn as a symbol of initiation into the Christian faith. 
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to consecrate

to make something sacred through religious rituals

sfinți, consacra

sfinți, consacra

Ex: The priest consecrated the church with a special ceremony, dedicating it to divine worship. 
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dogma
dogma
[substantiv]

a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance

dogmă, crez

dogmă, crez

Ex: The church's dogma was strictly enforced, leaving no room for dissenting opinions. 
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motto
motto
[substantiv]

a brief statement or phrase that represents the guiding beliefs or ideals of an individual, family, or institution

motto, deviză

motto, deviză

Ex: The school's motto, "Perseverance and Excellence," inspires students to strive for success. 
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credo
credo
[substantiv]

a formal statement of beliefs or principles, often religious or philosophical in nature

credo, profesiune de credință

credo, profesiune de credință

Ex: The Nicene Creed is a well-known Christian credo that articulates fundamental beliefs about the nature of God and Christ. 
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spiritualism
spiritualism
[substantiv]

the belief that the human spirit or soul can survive after death and communicate with the living

spiritism, spiritualism

spiritism, spiritualism

Ex: She was fascinated by spiritualism and attended séances regularly. 
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rationalism
rationalism
[substantiv]

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

raționalism, rațiunea

raționalism, rațiunea

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idealism
idealism
[substantiv]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

idealism

idealism

Ex: His idealism led him to work for social change in his community. 
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determinism
determinism
[substantiv]

the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds

determinism, fatalism

determinism, fatalism

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fundamentalism
fundamentalism
[substantiv]

a strict commitment to the core beliefs and teachings of a religion, often accompanied by a literal interpretation of its sacred texts

fundamentalism, integrism

fundamentalism, integrism

Ex: Religious fundamentalism often advocates for a return to the original teachings and practices of the faith. 
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empiricism
empiricism
[substantiv]

(in philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is derived from sensory experience rather than theory or intuition

empirism, empirism

empirism, empirism

Ex: John Locke is a central figure in philosophical empiricism. 
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individualism
individualism
[substantiv]

the conviction that prioritizes self-reliance and personal independence as virtues

individualism, individualismul

individualism, individualismul

Ex: Her approach to life was heavily influenced by the principles of individualism, prioritizing her own goals and aspirations. 
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consumerism
consumerism
[substantiv]

the idea or belief that personal well-being and happiness depend on the purchase of material goods

consumerism,  materialism

consumerism, materialism

Ex: The holiday season is often associated with consumerism, as people are encouraged to buy gifts for friends and family. 
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materialism
materialism
[substantiv]

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

materialism, filozofie materialistă

materialism, filozofie materialistă

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dualism
dualism
[substantiv]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

dualism, doctrina dualismului

dualism, doctrina dualismului

Ex: Cartesian dualism, proposed by René Descartes, posits a separation between the mind and the body as two distinct substances. 
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egalitarian
egalitarian
[substantiv]

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

egalitarist, susținător al egalității

egalitarist, susținător al egalității

Ex: As an egalitarian, she fought for equal rights across all social classes. 
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utilitarian
utilitarian
[substantiv]

someone who supports the theory that actions are morally right if they maximize happiness or pleasure and morally wrong if they cause unhappiness or pain, regardless of other outcomes

utilitarist

utilitarist

Ex: John Stuart Mill is known as a prominent utilitarian philosopher who developed the theory of utilitarianism. 
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pacifist
pacifist
[substantiv]

an individual who is against war and violence as a way to settle disagreements or conflicts

pacifist

pacifist

Ex: As a pacifist, she refused to participate in any form of military action. 
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zealot
zealot
[substantiv]

a person who is fanatically committed to a cause, ideology, or belief, often with uncompromising intensity and willingness to act aggressively in its defense

fanatic, zelot

fanatic, zelot

Ex: The environmental zealot chained himself to the pipeline in protest. 
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radical
radical
[substantiv]

a person who holds extreme or unconventional ideas or opinions

radical, extremist

radical, extremist

Ex: The radical spoke passionately at the town hall. 
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abolitionist
abolitionist
[substantiv]

a person who advocates for the complete elimination of something

abolicionist, susținător al abolirii

abolicionist, susținător al abolirii

Ex: Many abolitionists risked their lives and faced persecution for their beliefs in the pursuit of justice and equality. 
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extremist
extremist
[substantiv]

a person who holds radical views, particularly in politics or religion, and is willing to use extreme measures to achieve their goals

extremist, fanatic

extremist, fanatic

Ex: She was labeled an extremist for her radical views on social justice issues. 
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martyr
martyr
[substantiv]

someone who is killed because of their beliefs

martir, martiră

martir, martiră

Ex: He is remembered as a martyr for his fight against injustice. 
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to espouse

to take up, follow, or support a cause, belief, ideology, etc.

adopta, sprijini

adopta, sprijini

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