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人文科学 SAT - 宗教と信仰体系

ここでは、SATを突破するために必要な「聖書」、「異教徒」、「殉教者」など、宗教や信仰体系に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
Scripture
[名詞]

the sacred writings of the Christian faith, comprising the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, considered authoritative and divinely inspired by Christian

聖書, 聖典

聖書, 聖典

Ex: Scripture readings are integral to Christian worship services , with passages chosen based on the liturgical calendar or thematic focus .**聖書**の朗読は、キリスト教の礼拝サービスに不可欠であり、典礼暦または主題的焦点に基づいて選ばれた箇所が読まれます。
deity
[名詞]

a supernatural figure that is worshipped like a god or goddess

神, 神性

神, 神性

Ex: The deity's followers celebrated their faith with elaborate rituals .**神**の信者たちは、精巧な儀式で彼らの信仰を祝いました。
altar
[名詞]

the table in a church, used for giving communion in Christianity

祭壇, 聖餐台

祭壇, 聖餐台

Ex: The priest placed the chalice and paten on the altar before the Eucharistic celebration .司祭は聖体祭の前に聖杯とパテンを**祭壇**に置いた。
providence
[名詞]

the divine guidance, care, and intervention of a higher power

摂理, 神の摂理

摂理, 神の摂理

Ex: Believers express gratitude for the providence of God , acknowledging blessings and unexpected positive outcomes in their lives .信者は神の**摂理**に感謝を表し、自分たちの人生における祝福と予期せぬ良い結果を認めます。
rite
[名詞]

a formal or ceremonial act, procedure, or ritual, often associated with religious practices

儀式, 祭式

儀式, 祭式

Ex: During the Easter service , the congregation participated in the solemn rite of communion .復活祭の礼拝中、会衆は聖餐式の厳かな**儀式**に参加しました。
mosque
[名詞]

a place of worship, used by Muslims

モスク, イスラム教の礼拝所

モスク, イスラム教の礼拝所

Ex: He listened to the imam 's sermon during the weekly Friday sermon at the mosque.彼は金曜礼拝でのイマームの説教を**モスク**で聞いた。
clergy
[名詞]

people who are officially chosen to lead religious services in a church or other religious institution

聖職者,  clergy

聖職者, clergy

Ex: The church was filled with clergy from different denominations .教会はさまざまな宗派の**聖職者**でいっぱいでした。
disciple
[名詞]

a follower or student who adheres to the teachings and practices of a particular leader, teacher, or philosophy

弟子,  信奉者

弟子, 信奉者

Ex: The philosopher 's disciples carried on his legacy by teaching future generations about his ideas and principles .哲学者の**弟子たち**は、彼の思想と原則を将来の世代に教えることで、彼の遺産を引き継いだ。
monk
[名詞]

a member of a male religious group that lives in a monastery

修道士, 僧侶

修道士, 僧侶

Ex: The monk's robe and shaved head were symbols of his commitment to his religious order .**僧侶**のローブと剃髪は、彼の宗教的秩序への献身の象徴でした。
denomination
[名詞]

a distinct branch or or subgroup within a larger religious tradition, characterized by specific beliefs, practices, and organizational structures

宗派, 教派

宗派, 教派

Ex: She converted to a new denomination of Christianity after studying its beliefs and practices .彼女はその信仰と実践を学んだ後、キリスト教の新しい**宗派**に改宗しました。
hymn
[名詞]

a religious song intended to praise God, especially sung by Christians in congregation

賛美歌, 聖歌

賛美歌, 聖歌

Ex: The choir performed a beautiful hymn during the Easter celebration .合唱団は、イースターの祝典で美しい**賛美歌**を歌いました。
Gospel
[名詞]

the written message or teachings of a religious leader that is accepted by their followers

福音, 良い知らせ

福音, 良い知らせ

pilgrimage
[名詞]

a journey or religious expedition to a sacred place or shrine, typically undertaken for spiritual or religious reasons

巡礼, 宗教的な旅

巡礼, 宗教的な旅

Ex: The annual Thaipusam festival in Malaysia involves a pilgrimage to the Batu Caves , where devotees perform acts of devotion and penance .マレーシアの年間行事であるタイプーサム祭では、バトゥ洞窟への**巡礼**が行われ、信者たちが献身と悔い改めの行為を行います。
benediction
[名詞]

a prayer asking for blessing and protection

祝福

祝福

Ex: Each night , the grandmother would offer a benediction over her sleeping grandchildren .毎晩、祖母は眠っている孫たちに**祝福**を捧げました。
secular
[形容詞]

not concerned or connected with religion

世俗的, 非宗教的な

世俗的, 非宗教的な

Ex: Secular organizations advocate for the separation of church and state in public affairs .
sacred
[形容詞]

connected with God or a god, and considered holy or deeply respected in religious contexts

神聖な, 聖なる

神聖な, 聖なる

Ex: The sacred symbols adorning the shrine hold spiritual significance for believers .神社を飾る**神聖な**シンボルは、信者にとって精神的な意味を持っています。
pagan
[形容詞]

relating to religions or spiritual systems outside the world's main religions

異教の, 多神教の

異教の, 多神教の

Ex: His interest in pagan mythology led him to study the ancient texts of Norse and Celtic cultures.彼の**異教**の神話への興味は、ノルドとケルト文化の古代文書を研究するきっかけとなった。
to minister
[動詞]

to fulfill a role in religious service or guidance, providing support and leadership within a community

奉仕する, 説教する

奉仕する, 説教する

Ex: The religious leader continued to minister, delivering sermons and conducting ceremonies for the congregation .宗教指導者は、**奉仕**を続け、会衆のために説教を行い、儀式を執り行いました。
to baptize
[動詞]

to initiate into a religious faith by immersing in or sprinkling with water

洗礼を施す, 水に浸す

洗礼を施す, 水に浸す

Ex: The priest gently baptized the baby , welcoming them into the community of believers .司祭は優しく赤ちゃんを**洗礼**し、信仰者のコミュニティに迎え入れました。

to make something sacred through religious rituals

神聖にする, 奉献する

神聖にする, 奉献する

Ex: The priest used sacred oils to consecrate the baptismal font , setting it apart for the initiation of new members into the faith .司祭は聖なる油を使って洗礼盤を**聖別し**、新たな信者を信仰に導くためのものとした。
dogma
[名詞]

a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance

教義, 信念

教義, 信念

Ex: The cult 's dogma required followers to adhere to a set of rigid and unquestionable rules .カルトの**教義**は、信者たちに厳格で疑う余地のない一連の規則に従うことを要求した。
motto
[名詞]

a brief statement or phrase that represents the guiding beliefs or ideals of an individual, family, or institution

モットー, 標語

モットー, 標語

Ex: The company 's motto, " Innovation for Tomorrow , " reflects its commitment to forward-thinking and progress .
credo
[名詞]

a formal statement of beliefs or principles, often religious or philosophical in nature

信条, 信仰告白

信条, 信仰告白

Ex: The educator 's credo may prioritize fostering a love of learning , equity in education , and the holistic development of students .教育者の**信条**は、学習への愛を育むこと、教育における公平性、そして学生の全人的な発達を優先するかもしれません。
spiritualism
[名詞]

the belief that the human spirit or soul can survive after death and communicate with the living

スピリチュアリズム, 心霊主義

スピリチュアリズム, 心霊主義

Ex: Spiritualism gained popularity in the 19th century as people sought to contact the dead .**スピリチュアリズム**は、人々が死者と接触しようとした19世紀に人気を博しました。
rationalism
[名詞]

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

合理主義, 理性主義

合理主義, 理性主義

idealism
[名詞]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

理想主義

理想主義

Ex: The teacher encouraged idealism, asking students to envision a perfect future .教師は**理想主義**を奨励し、生徒たちに完璧な未来を想像するよう求めました。
determinism
[名詞]

the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds

決定論, 運命論

決定論, 運命論

a strict commitment to the core beliefs and teachings of a religion, often accompanied by a literal interpretation of its sacred texts

原理主義, 根本主義

原理主義, 根本主義

Ex: Islamic fundamentalism seeks to implement Sharia law based on a strict interpretation of the Quran .イスラム**原理主義**は、クルアーンの厳格な解釈に基づいてシャリーア法を実施しようとしています。
empiricism
[名詞]

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

経験論, 実験主義

経験論, 実験主義

Ex: Critics of empiricism argue that it may overlook the importance of a priori knowledge and the inherent structures of the mind that influence how we perceive and interpret experiences .**経験主義**の批評家は、それが先験的な知識の重要性や、私たちが経験をどのように知覚し解釈するかに影響を与える心の固有の構造を見落とす可能性があると主張している。

the conviction that prioritizes self-reliance and personal independence as virtues

個人主義, 個人主義

個人主義, 個人主義

Ex: The debate between individualism and collectivism is central to many political and social theories .**個人主義**と集産主義の間の議論は、多くの政治的および社会的理論の中心です。
consumerism
[名詞]

the idea or belief that personal well-being and happiness depend on the purchase of material goods

消費主義,  物質主義

消費主義, 物質主義

Ex: Advertising plays a significant role in promoting consumerism by persuading people to buy products they may not necessarily need .広告は、必ずしも必要ではない製品を購入するよう人々を説得することで、**消費主義**を促進する上で重要な役割を果たします。
materialism
[名詞]

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

唯物論, 唯物主義哲学

唯物論, 唯物主義哲学

dualism
[名詞]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

二元論, 二元論の教義

二元論, 二元論の教義

Ex: Gender dualism explores the binary classification of gender roles and identities into male and female categories .性別の**二元論**は、性別の役割とアイデンティティを男性と女性のカテゴリーに二分する分類を探求します。
egalitarian
[名詞]

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

平等主義者, 平等の提唱者

平等主義者, 平等の提唱者

Ex: The egalitarian’s speech inspired many to join the movement for racial equality .**平等主義者**のスピーチは、多くの人々に人種平等の運動に参加するように促しました。
utilitarian
[名詞]

someone who supports the theory that actions are morally right if they maximize happiness or pleasure and morally wrong if they cause unhappiness or pain, regardless of other outcomes

功利主義者

功利主義者

Ex: Utilitarians prioritize the greatest good for the greatest number , aiming to achieve the most favorable outcomes for society as a whole .**功利主義者**は、社会全体にとって最も有利な結果を達成することを目指して、最大多数のための最大幸福を優先します。
pacifist
[名詞]

an individual who is against war and violence as a way to settle disagreements or conflicts

平和主義者

平和主義者

Ex: Despite threats , the pacifist continued to speak out against violence and aggression .脅迫にもかかわらず、**平和主義者**は暴力と侵略に反対し続けた。
zealot
[名詞]

a person with very strong opinions on different matters such as religion or politics who tries to impose them on others

熱狂者, 狂信者

熱狂者, 狂信者

Ex: The political zealot was known for his extreme views and unwavering commitment to his party 's agenda .その政治的**熱狂者**は、極端な見解と党の議題に対する揺るぎない献身で知られていた。
radical
[名詞]

a person whose political inclination is social and political change

急進主義者, 活動家

急進主義者, 活動家

abolitionist
[名詞]

a person who advocates for the complete elimination of something

廃止論者, 廃止の支持者

廃止論者, 廃止の支持者

Ex: Susan B. Anthony was not only a suffragist but also an abolitionist who fought for the rights of women and slaves .スーザン・B・アンソニーは、女性の参政権運動家であるだけでなく、女性と奴隷の権利のために戦った**廃止主義者**でもありました。
extremist
[名詞]

a person who holds radical views, particularly in politics or religion, and is willing to use extreme measures to achieve their goals

過激派, 狂信者

過激派, 狂信者

Ex: The extremist's speeches were filled with inflammatory rhetoric aimed at inciting hatred and division .**過激派**のスピーチは、憎悪と分裂を煽ることを目的とした扇動的な修辞に満ちていました。
martyr
[名詞]

someone who is killed because of their beliefs

殉教者, 烈士

殉教者, 烈士

Ex: The group honored the martyr who sacrificed their life for freedom .グループは、自由のために命を犠牲にした**殉教者**を称えました。
to espouse
[動詞]

to take up, follow, or support a cause, belief, ideology, etc.

受け入れる, 支持する

受け入れる, 支持する

人文科学 SAT
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