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Mathématiques et Logique SAT - Mathématiques

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés aux mathématiques, tels que "variable", "histogramme", "domaine", etc., dont vous aurez besoin pour réussir vos SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Math and Logic
intercept

the point where a line, curve, or surface crosses an axis on a graph

l'intersection, le point d'intersection

l'intersection, le point d'intersection

Ex: The y-intercept of the line is where it crosses the y-axis at 
plane
plane
[nom]

a flat, two-dimensional surface that extends infinitely in all directions

plan, surface plane

plan, surface plane

Ex: In geometry, a plane is defined by three non-collinear points. 
function

(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value

fonction

fonction

Ex: In calculus, a function represents a relationship between input and output variables, often denoted as f(x). 
to model
to model
[verbe]

to make a representation of something, especially one based on mathematics

confectionner

confectionner

Ex: Economists model supply and demand to understand market trends and make forecasts. 
constant

a quantity or value that remains the same and does not change in a specific mathematical context

constante

constante

Ex: Pi is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 3.14159. 
expression

a combination of numbers, variables, operations, and grouping symbols that collectively represent a numerical value or relationship

expression, formule

expression, formule

Ex: The algebraic expression ( 2x + 3 ) represents a linear equation when set equal to zero. 
equivalent
equivalent
[Adjectif]

(of mathematical expressions or quantities) having the same value or function, even if they appear in different forms

équivalent

équivalent

Ex: The fractions 1/2 and 2/4 are equivalent because they represent the same value. 
to intersect

to meet or cross another path, line, etc. at a particular point

se couper, se croiser

se couper, se croiser

Ex: The two roads intersect at the traffic light. 
scatter plot

a type of graph used in statistics and data analysis to display and compare two sets of numerical data

diagramme de dispersion, nuage de points

diagramme de dispersion, nuage de points

Ex: The scatter plot revealed a positive correlation between hours of study and exam scores. 
line of best fit

a straight line drawn through the center of a group of data points on a scatter plot representing the best approximation of the relationship between the variables being studied

ligne de meilleur ajustement, droite de régression

ligne de meilleur ajustement, droite de régression

Ex: The line of best fit on the scatter plot showed a clear upward trend. 
variable

(mathematics) a quantity that is capable of assuming different values in a calculation

variable

variable

Ex: In algebra, variables such as x, y, and z represent quantities that can vary or change in value. 
scale
scale
[nom]

a system of numerical values used to quantify and compare levels, degrees, or values

échelle, barème

échelle, barème

Ex: The earthquake's intensity was measured on the Richter scale. 
figure
figure
[nom]

a diagram or illustration that is used to show or explain something, such as a chart, graph, or drawing

figure, schéma

figure, schéma

Ex: The report included several figures to make the data easier to understand. 
domain
domain
[nom]

the set of all possible input values for which a given function is defined

domaine, ensemble de définition

domaine, ensemble de définition

Ex: To find the domain of a rational function, exclude any values that make the denominator zero. 
graph
graph
[nom]

(in mathematics) a set of points with coordinates that satisfy specific relationships

graphique

graphique

Ex: The function's graph showed a clear linear pattern. 
histogram

a diagram consisting of bars with different heights that represent the amount of a variable

histogramme

histogramme

interval

a set of real numbers that includes all the numbers between any two specified numbers within the set

intervalle, écart

intervalle, écart

Ex: The interval (a, b), where a and b are real numbers, represents all numbers between a and b but excludes the endpoints. 
linear function

a mathematical function that creates a straight line when graphed

fonction linéaire, application linéaire

fonction linéaire, application linéaire

Ex: In economics, supply and demand can often be modeled using linear functions to predict market behavior. 
rational function

a function that can be expressed as the ratio of two polynomials, where the denominator is not zero

fonction rationnelle, fraction rationnelle

fonction rationnelle, fraction rationnelle

Ex: To find the vertical asymptotes of a rational function, set the denominator equal to zero and solve for 
coordinate

any set of numbers that represents an exact position on a map or graph

coordonnée

coordonnée

Ex: The GPS coordinates 35.6895° N, 139.6917° E lead to Tokyo. 
integer constant

a fixed numerical value that is a whole number, either positive, negative, or zero

constante entière, constante de nombre entier

constante entière, constante de nombre entier

Ex: In the expression 2x+5, the integer constant is 5. 
linear equation

an equation that makes a straight line when graphed

équation linéaire, équation de droite

équation linéaire, équation de droite

Ex: To solve a linear equation, you need to isolate the variable on one side of the equation. 
to correspond

to have a direct relationship or alignment with something else, such as paired values or elements

correspondre, être en correspondance avec

correspondre, être en correspondance avec

Ex: Each point on the graph corresponds to a pair of values in the equation. 
term
term
[nom]

a single number, variable, or the product of numbers and variables in an expression or equation, separated by addition or subtraction operators

terme, élément

terme, élément

Ex: Combining like terms in an algebraic expression simplifies it. 
axis
axis
[nom]

a reference line used in coordinate systems to provide a framework for locating points

axe, ligne de référence

axe, ligne de référence

Ex: When graphing functions, it's essential to label the axes to provide context for the plotted points. 
polynominal function

a mathematical function that can be expressed as a sum of terms, where each term is a constant multiplied by a variable raised to a non-negative integer power

fonction polynomiale, fonction polynômiale

fonction polynomiale, fonction polynômiale

Ex: In algebra, students learn how to add, subtract, multiply, and factor polynomial functions. 
to satisfy
to satisfy
[verbe]

to fulfill the conditions or requirements of a mathematical statement, equation, or inequality

satisfaire, remplir

satisfaire, remplir

Ex: In order to prove the conjecture, we must find an example that satisfies all given conditions and demonstrates the truth of the statement. 
coefficient

a numerical or constant factor that multiplies a variable in an algebraic term

coefficient, facteur multiplicatif

coefficient, facteur multiplicatif

Ex: The coefficient matrix in the linear system helps to simplify solving for the variable values. 
quadratic

an equation where the highest power of the variable is squared

quadratique

quadratique

Ex: Factoring is one method to solve a quadratic, provided it can be easily factored. 
regression

a statistical method used to model and analyze the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables

régression

régression

Ex: Linear regression is used to find the best-fitting line through a set of data points. 
bimodal
bimodal
[Adjectif]

having or involving two distinct modes, peaks, or most frequent values

bimodal, à deux modes

bimodal, à deux modes

Ex: The bimodal distribution of exam scores indicated two groups of students with different performance levels. 
equidistant
equidistant
[Adjectif]

having equal distances from two or more points

équidistant, à égale distance

équidistant, à égale distance

Ex: The point is equidistant from both the x-axis and the y-axis in the coordinate plane. 
collinear
collinear
[Adjectif]

having points that lie on the same straight line

colinéaire, aligné

colinéaire, aligné

Ex: The three points are collinear, forming a straight line on the graph. 
theorem
theorem
[nom]

a statement or proposition that has been proven to be true based on previously established axioms, definitions, and other theorems within a particular mathematical or logical system

théorème

théorème

Ex: Mathematicians often prove theorems to establish mathematical truths. 
period
period
[nom]

a recurring interval or length associated with a mathematical function or pattern

période, intervalle

période, intervalle

Ex: The period of a trigonometric function is the length of the interval over which the function repeats its values. 
to evaluate

to find the numerical value of an expression, equation, or function by substituting specific values for the variables

évaluer

évaluer

Ex: Evaluating complex mathematical expressions often involves breaking down the problem into simpler steps. 
expanded notation

a way of representing numbers as the sum of each digit multiplied by its place value

notation développée, décomposition numérique

notation développée, décomposition numérique

Ex: Students learn expanded notation to better understand the structure and value of numbers. 
scientific notation

a method of writing numbers as the product of a coefficient and a power of 10

notation scientifique, écriture scientifique

notation scientifique, écriture scientifique

Ex: When discussing the size of galaxies, astronomers often use scientific notation to represent their vast distances from Earth. 
to diagram
to diagram
[verbe]

to represent or illustrate something using a drawing, chart, or schematic

diagrammer, schématiser

diagrammer, schématiser

Ex: The engineer diagrammed the new circuit design on the whiteboard. 
matrix
matrix
[nom]

a rectangular array of numbers or symbols organized in rows and columns, commonly used in linear algebra for representing equations, transformations, and vector operations

matrice, tableau

matrice, tableau

Ex: A 2x3 matrix represents a collection of numbers organized in two rows and three columns. 
factorial

the product of all positive whole numbers from 1 to a given number

factorielle, factoriel

factorielle, factoriel

Ex: The factorial of 5 is calculated as 5!=5×4×3×2×1=120. 
vector
vector
[nom]

an ordered set of numbers that describes both magnitude and direction, commonly used to represent quantities like displacement, velocity, or force in physics and engineering

vecteur, vecteur

vecteur, vecteur

Ex: In physics, force is often represented as a vector, considering both its magnitude and direction. 
standard coordinate plane

a two-dimensional system used to represent points in space

plan de coordonnées standard, plan cartésien standard

plan de coordonnées standard, plan cartésien standard

Ex: The standard coordinate plane provides a visual representation of mathematical relationships between variables in two dimensions. 
trigonometric function

a mathematical function that relates the angles of a triangle to the lengths of its sides, commonly including sine, cosine, and tangent

fonction trigonométrique

fonction trigonométrique

Ex: The sine and cosine trigonometric functions are fundamental in calculating wave patterns. 
augmented matrix

a way of representing a system of linear equations in matrix form

matrice augmentée, matrice complétée

matrice augmentée, matrice complétée

Ex: To solve a system of linear equations using the method of Gaussian elimination, we first write the system in augmented matrix form. 
unit vector

a vector that has a magnitude of 1 and represents direction without regard to scale

vecteur unitaire, vecteur de norme 1

vecteur unitaire, vecteur de norme 1

Ex: A unit vector is often employed in mathematics to define orthonormal bases and to describe geometric transformations. 
determinant

a single number calculated from the elements of a square matrix that indicates important properties, like whether the matrix can be inverted

déterminant

déterminant

Ex: If the determinant of a matrix is zero, the matrix is singular and does not have an inverse. 
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