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Matemáticas y Lógica SAT - Matemáticas

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con las matemáticas, como "variable", "histograma", "dominio", etc., que necesitarás para aprobar tus SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Math and Logic
intercept
intercept
[Sustantivo]

the point where a line, curve, or surface crosses an axis on a graph

la intersección, el punto de intersección

la intersección, el punto de intersección

Ex: The teacher explained how to calculate the intercepts of a quadratic equation. 

El profesor explicó cómo calcular los interceptos de una ecuación cuadrática.

plane
plane
[Sustantivo]

a flat, two-dimensional surface that extends infinitely in all directions

plano, superficie plana

plano, superficie plana

Ex: Points and lines are often studied within the context of a plane in Euclidean geometry. 
function
function
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value

función

función

Ex: Engineers use mathematical functions to model and predict the behavior of physical systems. 
to model
to model
[Verbo]

to make a representation of something, especially one based on mathematics

modelar

modelar

Ex: They modeled the chemical reaction to determine the best conditions for the experiment. 
constant
constant
[Sustantivo]

a quantity or value that remains the same and does not change in a specific mathematical context

constante

constante

Ex: Mathematicians often use constants to simplify complex equations and ensure consistency. 
expression
expression
[Sustantivo]

a combination of numbers, variables, operations, and grouping symbols that collectively represent a numerical value or relationship

expresión, fórmula

expresión, fórmula

Ex: The quadratic formula is derived from the standard form of a quadratic expression. 
equivalent
equivalent
[Adjetivo]

(of mathematical expressions or quantities) having the same value or function, even if they appear in different forms

equivalente

equivalente

Ex: In probability, two events are equivalent if they have the same probability of occurring. 
to intersect

to meet or cross another path, line, etc. at a particular point

cruzarse

cruzarse

Ex: The trails intersect near the lake, making it easy to switch paths. 

Los senderos se cruzan cerca del lago, lo que facilita el cambio de ruta.

scatter plot
scatter plot
[Sustantivo]

a type of graph used in statistics and data analysis to display and compare two sets of numerical data

gráfico de dispersión, diagrama de puntos

gráfico de dispersión, diagrama de puntos

Ex: The scatter plot indicated a cluster of data points in the upper right corner, suggesting a trend. 

El gráfico de dispersión indicó un grupo de puntos de datos en la esquina superior derecha, sugiriendo una tendencia.

line of best fit
line of best fit
[Sustantivo]

a straight line drawn through the center of a group of data points on a scatter plot representing the best approximation of the relationship between the variables being studied

línea de mejor ajuste, recta de regresión

línea de mejor ajuste, recta de regresión

Ex: The scatter plot with the line of best fit helped us understand the relationship between temperature and energy consumption. 

El diagrama de dispersión con la línea de mejor ajuste nos ayudó a comprender la relación entre la temperatura y el consumo de energía.

variable
variable
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) a quantity that is capable of assuming different values in a calculation

variable

variable

Ex: Scientists use variables to model complex systems and analyze how different factors affect outcomes. 
scale
scale
[Sustantivo]

a system of numerical values used to quantify and compare levels, degrees, or values

escala, baremo

escala, baremo

Ex: The pain scale helps doctors assess the severity of a patient's discomfort. 
figure
figure
[Sustantivo]

a diagram or illustration that is used to show or explain something, such as a chart, graph, or drawing

figura, gráfico

figura, gráfico

Ex: He included a figure in his presentation to highlight the key findings. 
domain
domain
[Sustantivo]

the set of all input values for which a mathematical function is defined

dominio, conjunto de definición

dominio, conjunto de definición

Ex: Zero is excluded from the domain because it would make the denominator zero. 
graph
graph
[Sustantivo]

the set of points whose coordinates satisfy a particular equation or mathematical relation

gráfico

gráfico

Ex: The graph of the function crosses the x-axis twice. 
histogram
histogram
[Sustantivo]

a diagram consisting of bars with different heights that represent the amount of a variable

histograma

histograma

interval
interval
[Sustantivo]

a set of real numbers that includes all the numbers between any two specified numbers within the set

intervalo, rango

intervalo, rango

Ex: A half-open interval (e, f], where e and f are real numbers, includes all numbers greater than e and less than or equal to f. 
linear function
linear function
[Sustantivo]

a mathematical function that creates a straight line when graphed

función lineal, aplicación lineal

función lineal, aplicación lineal

Ex: The teacher explained that any equation of the form y = mx+b represents a linear function. 

El profesor explicó que cualquier ecuación de la forma y=mx+b representa una función lineal.

rational function
rational function
[Sustantivo]

a function that can be expressed as the ratio of two polynomials, where the denominator is not zero

función racional, fracción racional

función racional, fracción racional

Ex: To find the vertical asymptotes of a rational function, set the denominator equal to zero and solve for x. 

Para encontrar las asíntotas verticales de una función racional, iguala el denominador a cero y resuelve para x.

coordinate
coordinate
[Sustantivo]

any set of numbers that represents an exact position on a map or graph

coordenadas

coordenadas

Ex: The treasure map listed cryptic coordinates for the island. 
integer constant
integer constant
[Sustantivo]

a fixed numerical value that is a whole number, either positive, negative, or zero

constante entera, constante de número entero

constante entera, constante de número entero

Ex: Integer constants are used in mathematical expressions to represent fixed numerical values. 

Las constantes enteras se utilizan en expresiones matemáticas para representar valores numéricos fijos.

linear equation
linear equation
[Sustantivo]

an equation that makes a straight line when graphed

ecuación lineal, ecuación de recta

ecuación lineal, ecuación de recta

Ex: She plotted the linear equation on the graph to find the point where it intersects the x-axis. 

Ella trazó la ecuación lineal en el gráfico para encontrar el punto donde intersecta el eje x.

to correspond

to be directly related to or paired with another value, element, or item

corresponder,  equivaler

corresponder, equivaler

Ex: Each button corresponds to a particular function. 
term
term
[Sustantivo]

a single number, variable, or the product of numbers and variables in an expression or equation, separated by addition or subtraction operators

término, elemento

término, elemento

Ex: To simplify the expression, you need to combine the terms with the same variables. 
axis
axis
[Sustantivo]

a reference line used in coordinate systems to provide a framework for locating points

eje, línea de referencia

eje, línea de referencia

Ex: To plot the data accurately, align the points with the appropriate coordinates on the x-axis and y-axis. 

Para trazar los datos con precisión, alinee los puntos con las coordenadas apropiadas en el eje x y el eje y.

polynominal function

a mathematical function that can be expressed as a sum of terms, where each term is a constant multiplied by a variable raised to a non-negative integer power

función polinómica, función polinomial

función polinómica, función polinomial

Ex: Polynomial functions are used to model phenomena such as population growth, economic trends, and projectile motion. 

Las funciones polinómicas se utilizan para modelar fenómenos como el crecimiento de la población, las tendencias económicas y el movimiento de los proyectiles.

to satisfy
to satisfy
[Verbo]

to fulfill the conditions of a mathematical equation, inequality, or other statement

satisfacer,  cumplir

satisfacer, cumplir

Ex: Students must determine which values satisfy both equations. 
coefficient
coefficient
[Sustantivo]

a numerical or constant factor that multiplies a variable in an algebraic term

coeficiente, factor multiplicativo

coeficiente, factor multiplicativo

Ex: In the system of equations, the coefficients of the variables must be aligned to use matrix methods. 

En el sistema de ecuaciones, los coeficientes de las variables deben estar alineados para utilizar métodos matriciales.

quadratic
quadratic
[Sustantivo]

an equation where the highest power of the variable is squared

cuadrática

cuadrática

Ex: A quadratic can have zero, one, or two real solutions depending on the discriminant. 

Un cuadrático puede tener cero, una o dos soluciones reales dependiendo del discriminante.

regression
regression
[Sustantivo]

a statistical method used to model and analyze the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables

regresión

regresión

Ex: Multiple regression allows for the analysis of the effect of several independent variables on a dependent variable. 

La regresión múltiple permite el análisis del efecto de varias variables independientes sobre una variable dependiente.

bimodal
bimodal
[Adjetivo]

having or involving two distinct modes, peaks, or most frequent values

bimodal, con dos modas

bimodal, con dos modas

Ex: The data set was clearly bimodal, with peaks at both 10 and 20. 

El conjunto de datos era claramente bimodal, con picos tanto en 10 como en 20.

equidistant
equidistant
[Adjetivo]

having equal distances from two or more points

equidistante, a igual distancia

equidistante, a igual distancia

Ex: The new park is equidistant from all the major residential areas in the town. 

El nuevo parque está equidistante de todas las principales áreas residenciales de la ciudad.

collinear
collinear
[Adjetivo]

having points that lie on the same straight line

colineal, alineado

colineal, alineado

Ex: In geometry, proving that points are collinear can simplify many problems. 

En geometría, demostrar que los puntos son colineales puede simplificar muchos problemas.

theorem
theorem
[Sustantivo]

a statement or proposition that has been proven to be true based on previously established axioms, definitions, and other theorems within a particular mathematical or logical system

teorema

teorema

Ex: The Pythagorean theorem is a well-known principle in geometry. 

El teorema de Pitágoras es un principio bien conocido en geometría.

period
period
[Sustantivo]

a recurring interval or length associated with a mathematical function or pattern

período, intervalo

período, intervalo

Ex: When graphing a periodic function, understanding its period is crucial for accurately representing its behavior. 
to evaluate

to determine the numerical value of a mathematical expression, function, or quantity

evaluar,  calcular

evaluar, calcular

Ex: Mia evaluated the function at x equals two. 
expanded notation
expanded notation
[Sustantivo]

a way of representing numbers as the sum of each digit multiplied by its place value

notación expandida, descomposición numérica

notación expandida, descomposición numérica

Ex: When writing numbers in expanded notation, each digit is represented according to its place value. 

Al escribir números en notación expandida, cada dígito se representa según su valor posicional.

scientific notation

a method of writing numbers as the product of a coefficient and a power of 10

notación científica, escritura científica

notación científica, escritura científica

Ex: Scientists use scientific notation to express the extremely small sizes of subatomic particles, such as quarks and neutrinos. 

Los científicos utilizan la notación científica para expresar los tamaños extremadamente pequeños de las partículas subatómicas, como los quarks y los neutrinos.

to diagram
to diagram
[Verbo]

to represent or explain something by means of a diagram

diagramar,  representar mediante un diagrama

diagramar, representar mediante un diagrama

Ex: Emma diagrammed each stage of the manufacturing process. 
matrix
matrix
[Sustantivo]

a rectangular arrangement of numbers, symbols, or expressions in rows and columns

matriz

matriz

Ex: Daniel used a matrix to represent the system of equations. 
factorial
factorial
[Sustantivo]

the product of all positive whole numbers from 1 to a given number

factorial, factórico

factorial, factórico

Ex: To solve the problem, you need to find the factorial of 7. 

Para resolver el problema, necesitas encontrar el factorial de 7.

vector
vector
[Sustantivo]

an ordered set of numbers that describes both magnitude and direction, commonly used to represent quantities like displacement, velocity, or force in physics and engineering

vector, vector

vector, vector

Ex: Acceleration, a vector in kinematics, represents the rate of change of velocity over time. 

La aceleración, un vector en cinemática, representa la tasa de cambio de la velocidad con el tiempo.

standard coordinate plane

a two-dimensional system used to represent points in space

plano de coordenadas estándar, plano cartesiano estándar

plano de coordenadas estándar, plano cartesiano estándar

Ex: Students learn to identify quadrants on the standard coordinate plane and locate points using ordered pairs (x, y). 

Los estudiantes aprenden a identificar los cuadrantes en el plano de coordenadas estándar y a ubicar puntos usando pares ordenados (x, y).

trigonometric function

a mathematical function that relates the angles of a triangle to the lengths of its sides, commonly including sine, cosine, and tangent

función trigonométrica

función trigonométrica

Ex: The graphs of trigonometric functions, such as sine and cosine, exhibit periodic behavior. 

Las gráficas de las funciones trigonométricas, como el seno y el coseno, exhiben un comportamiento periódico.

augmented matrix
augmented matrix
[Sustantivo]

a way of representing a system of linear equations in matrix form

matriz aumentada, matriz ampliada

matriz aumentada, matriz ampliada

Ex: In linear algebra, students learn to manipulate augmented matrices to solve systems of equations and perform other operations. 

En álgebra lineal, los estudiantes aprenden a manipular matrices aumentadas para resolver sistemas de ecuaciones y realizar otras operaciones.

unit vector
unit vector
[Sustantivo]

a vector that has a magnitude of 1 and represents direction without regard to scale

vector unitario, vector de magnitud 1

vector unitario, vector de magnitud 1

Ex: The electric field at a point due to a charged particle can be expressed as a vector quantity using a unit vector to represent direction. 

El campo eléctrico en un punto debido a una partícula cargada puede expresarse como una cantidad vectorial utilizando un vector unitario para representar la dirección.

determinant
determinant
[Sustantivo]

a single number calculated from the elements of a square matrix that indicates important properties, like whether the matrix can be inverted

determinante

determinante

Ex: Understanding determinants is essential for advanced studies in eigenvalues and eigenvectors. 

Comprender los determinantes es esencial para estudios avanzados en valores propios y vectores propios.

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