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Humanités ACT - Politique et Législature

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la politique et à la législature, tels que "électoral", "mandat", "fédéral", etc., qui vous aideront à réussir vos ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

congrès

congrès

Ex: The law was reviewed and approved by Congress.

a group of people or political organization united by a common cause

confédération

confédération

turnout
[nom]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

participation électorale, taux de participation

participation électorale, taux de participation

Ex: Efforts to increase voter turnout included extending polling hours and providing transportation.Les efforts pour augmenter la **participation électorale** comprenaient l'extension des heures de vote et la fourniture de transport.

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

démocratie

démocratie

Ex: In a democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .Dans une **démocratie**, le pouvoir judiciaire est indépendant des branches exécutive et législative.
colony
[nom]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

colonie

colonie

realm
[nom]

a territory or area of land governed by a monarch or sovereign ruler

domaine

domaine

Ex: The king 's coronation ceremony marked his ascension to the throne and his commitment to govern the realm justly and wisely .La cérémonie de couronnement du roi a marqué son ascension au trône et son engagement à gouverner le **royaume** avec justice et sagesse.
party
[nom]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

parti

parti

Ex: In celebration of their electoral victory , the party hosted a gala event to thank volunteers and donors for their contributions .**Parti** a organisé une soirée de gala pour remercier les bénévoles et les donateurs de leurs contributions, en célébration de leur victoire électorale.
senator
[nom]

one of the members of Senate

sénateur, sénatrice

sénateur, sénatrice

a suggestion, plan, or proposal, especially in business or negotiation contexts

proposition, offre

proposition, offre

Ex: The board rejected the proposition as too risky .Le conseil a rejeté la **proposition** car elle était trop risquée.
summit
[nom]

a formal meeting of leaders, especially heads of government

sommet

sommet

Ex: Delegates from fifty countries attended the summit.

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propagande

propagande

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely .L'essor des médias sociaux a facilité la diffusion rapide et large de la **propagande**.
statute
[nom]

an officially written and established law

loi

loi

Ex: Under the statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .En vertu du **statut**, l'entreprise doit fournir une formation annuelle en matière de sécurité aux employés.
pact
[nom]

a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

pacte

pacte

Ex: The treaty served as a historic pact, fostering peace and cooperation between the formerly rival nations .Le traité a servi de **pacte** historique, favorisant la paix et la coopération entre les nations autrefois rivales.

the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

proposition

proposition

the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

sécession

sécession

Ex: The secession of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965 marked a significant event in Southeast Asian history .La **sécession** de Singapour de la Malaisie en 1965 a marqué un événement important dans l'histoire de l'Asie du Sud-Est.

a politically organized body of people under a single government, typically emphasizing the common good

Ex: The governor addressed the citizens of the commonwealth.

a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

principauté, principauté

principauté, principauté

Ex: The principality of Sealand , though unconventional , claims to be a sovereign state despite its small size and unique location .La **principauté** de Sealand, bien que non conventionnelle, prétend être un État souverain malgré sa petite taille et son emplacement unique.

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifeste, déclaration publique

manifeste, déclaration publique

Ex: The student union published a manifesto to advocate for better educational resources .Le syndicat étudiant a publié un **manifeste** pour plaider en faveur de meilleures ressources éducatives.

the process of assigning authority, responsibility, or tasks from a higher authority to a lower-ranking individual or entity to carry out specific duties or functions on their behalf

délégation, transfert de responsabilité

délégation, transfert de responsabilité

Ex: The delegation of public health responsibilities to county health departments facilitates local responses to health crises .La **délégation** des responsabilités en matière de santé publique aux départements de santé du comté facilite les réponses locales aux crises sanitaires.
embargo
[nom]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

embargo

embargo

an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

hyperpartisanerie, hyperpartisme

hyperpartisanerie, hyperpartisme

Ex: Some scholars argue that hyperpartisanship is undermining democratic processes .Certains universitaires soutiennent que **l'hyperpartisanerie** sape les processus démocratiques.

agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

bipartisme, coopération bipartisane

bipartisme, coopération bipartisane

Ex: The mayor's initiative to improve public education received bipartisan support, uniting local politicians from different parties.L'initiative du maire pour améliorer l'éducation publique a reçu un soutien **bipartisan**, unissant les politiciens locaux de différents partis.
municipal
[Adjectif]

involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

municipal

municipal

Ex: Municipal utilities ensure reliable access to essential services such as water and electricity for residents .Les services publics **municipaux** assurent un accès fiable à des services essentiels tels que l'eau et l'électricité pour les résidents.
electoral
[Adjectif]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

électoral

électoral

Ex: The electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .La participation **électorale** aux dernières élections était plus élevée que prévu, indiquant un engagement civique accru.

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

Démocrate

Démocrate

Ex: In recent elections, Democrats have focused on issues like affordable education and criminal justice reform.Lors des récentes élections, les **démocrates** se sont concentrés sur des questions comme l'éducation abordable et la réforme de la justice pénale.
liberal
[Adjectif]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

libéral

libéral

Ex: Critics argue that liberal policies can lead to excessive government intervention and dependency on welfare programs .Les critiques soutiennent que les politiques **libérales** peuvent conduire à une intervention excessive du gouvernement et à une dépendance aux programmes sociaux.

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

républicain, républicaine

républicain, républicaine

conservative
[Adjectif]

holding a political view that supports free enterprise, limited government spending and traditional social views

conservateur

conservateur

Ex: A conservative approach to economic policy emphasizes individual entrepreneurship and minimal regulation .Une approche **conservatrice** de la politique économique met l'accent sur l'entrepreneuriat individuel et une régulation minimale.
self-governing
[Adjectif]

(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

autonome, auto-gouverné

autonome, auto-gouverné

Ex: The Nunavut territory in Canada is a self-governing region that represents the Inuit people 's interests and cultural identity .Le territoire du Nunavut au Canada est une région **autonome** qui représente les intérêts et l'identité culturelle du peuple inuit.
transnational
[Adjectif]

operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

transnational, transnationale

transnational, transnationale

Ex: The conference discussed strategies for fostering transnational partnerships in the field of healthcare .La conférence a discuté des stratégies pour favoriser les partenariats **transnationaux** dans le domaine de la santé.
communist
[Adjectif]

relating to an ideology or political system advocating for the collective ownership of property and the absence of social classes

communiste

communiste

Ex: The communist party advocates for state control of industries and resources to ensure equitable distribution.Le parti **communiste** préconise le contrôle étatique des industries et des ressources pour assurer une distribution équitable.
federal
[Adjectif]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

fédéral

fédéral

Ex: The federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .Le budget **fédéral** alloue des fonds pour les priorités nationales, y compris les infrastructures et les services sociaux.
interstate
[Adjectif]

involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

interétatique, entre États

interétatique, entre États

Ex: The interstate treaty established rules and agreements governing trade and cooperation among neighboring states.Le traité **interétatique** a établi des règles et des accords régissant le commerce et la coopération entre les États voisins.

the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

patrie, terre natale

patrie, terre natale

Ex: He fought for the protection of his homeland, valuing its history and traditions .Il s'est battu pour la protection de sa **patrie**, valorisant son histoire et ses traditions.
authoritarian
[Adjectif]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

autoritaire

autoritaire

Ex: Authoritarian government frequently disregard human rights and civil liberties in the name of stability .Le gouvernement **autoritaire** méprise fréquemment les droits de l'homme et les libertés civiles au nom de la stabilité.
consular
[Adjectif]

associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

consulaire, relatif au consulat

consulaire, relatif au consulat

Ex: The consular staff organized cultural events to promote understanding and cooperation between nations .Le personnel **consulaire** a organisé des événements culturels pour promouvoir la compréhension et la coopération entre les nations.
precolonial
[Adjectif]

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

précolonial, d'avant la colonisation

précolonial, d'avant la colonisation

Ex: Precolonial Australia was home to numerous Aboriginal groups, each with distinct languages, customs, and territories.L'Australie **précoloniale** était le foyer de nombreux groupes aborigènes, chacun avec des langues, des coutumes et des territoires distincts.
to pass
[verbe]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

faire passer, adopter

faire passer, adopter

Ex: The United Nations Security Council has passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .Le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies a **adopté** une résolution demandant aux deux pays de reprendre les négociations de paix.
policy
[nom]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

politique

politique

Ex: The school district adopted a zero-tolerance policy for bullying.Le district scolaire a adopté une **politique** de tolérance zéro en matière d'intimidation.

the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

référendum

référendum

treaty
[nom]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

traité

traité

Ex: The extradition treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .Le **traité** d'extradition a permis le transfert de criminels entre les deux pays pour qu'ils soient jugés.

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

amendement, modification

amendement, modification

Ex: The teacher made an amendment to the syllabus to include an extra assignment .L'enseignant a apporté un **amendement** au programme pour inclure un devoir supplémentaire.

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

constitution

constitution

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .La **constitution** de l'Afrique du Sud, adoptée en 1996, consacre les principes d'égalité et de dignité humaine comme valeurs fondamentales de la nation.
tenure
[nom]

a period or condition of holding a position

durée, mandat

durée, mandat

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to secure tenure due to the job security and benefits it offers .De nombreux jeunes professionnels aspirent à obtenir une **tenure** en raison de la sécurité de l'emploi et des avantages qu'elle offre.

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inauguration

inauguration

Ex: The inauguration festivities included parades , concerts , and fireworks to celebrate the new administration .Les festivités d'**inauguration** comprenaient des défilés, des concerts et des feux d'artifice pour célébrer la nouvelle administration.
to reign
[verbe]

to have control and authority over a place, like a country

régner sur

régner sur

Ex: Throughout history , various dynasties have reigned over different regions with distinct policies .À travers l'histoire, diverses dynasties ont **régné** sur différentes régions avec des politiques distinctes.
mandate
[nom]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

mandat

mandat

Ex: The council received a mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .Le conseil a reçu un **mandat** de ses membres pour négocier de meilleures conditions de travail avec la direction.
chamber
[nom]

a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

chambre, salle des séances

chambre, salle des séances

Ex: During the summit , leaders from across the region gathered in the diplomatic chamber to discuss regional security issues .Lors du sommet, les dirigeants de toute la région se sont réunis dans la **chambre** diplomatique pour discuter des questions de sécurité régionale.

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

premier ministre, chef du gouvernement

premier ministre, chef du gouvernement

Ex: The Prime Minister's term in office ended after a successful vote of no confidence in Parliament.Le mandat du **Premier ministre** a pris fin après un vote de défiance réussi au Parlement.
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