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Humanistyka ACT - Polityka i Legislatura

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów związanych z polityką i prawodawstwem, takich jak "wyborczy", "kadencja", "federalny" itp., które pomogą ci zdać ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
Congress
Congress
[Rzeczownik]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

Kongres, Ciało ustawodawcze

Kongres, Ciało ustawodawcze

Ex: Congress passed a new healthcare bill. 
confederacy
confederacy
[Rzeczownik]

a group of people or political organization united by a common cause

konfederacja, sojusz

konfederacja, sojusz

turnout
turnout
[Rzeczownik]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

frekwencja wyborcza, wskaźnik uczestnictwa

frekwencja wyborcza, wskaźnik uczestnictwa

Ex: The election saw a high voter turnout, with over 75% of eligible voters participating. 
democracy
democracy
[Rzeczownik]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

demokracja

demokracja

Ex: In a democracy, all citizens have the right to express their opinions freely and participate in decision-making processes. 
colony
colony
[Rzeczownik]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

kolonia, terytorium pod kontrolą

kolonia, terytorium pod kontrolą

realm
realm
[Rzeczownik]

a territory or area of land governed by a monarch or sovereign ruler

królestwo, domena

królestwo, domena

Ex: The United Kingdom is known for its historic monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II reigning over the realm. 
party
party
[Rzeczownik]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

partia, partia polityczna

partia, partia polityczna

Ex: The political party held a rally to mobilize supporters and promote its platform ahead of the upcoming election. 
senator
senator
[Rzeczownik]

a person elected to serve in a Senate, the upper house of a legislature

senator, senator

senator, senator

Ex: The senator spoke about new healthcare legislation. 
proposition
proposition
[Rzeczownik]

a suggestion, plan, or proposal, especially in business or negotiation contexts

propozycja, oferta

propozycja, oferta

Ex: The company received a proposition to merge with a competitor. 
summit
summit
[Rzeczownik]

a formal meeting of leaders, especially heads of government

szczyt, spotkanie na szczycie

szczyt, spotkanie na szczycie

Ex: The leaders attended a climate summit in Geneva. 
propaganda
propaganda
[Rzeczownik]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda

propaganda

Ex: The regime used propaganda to control the narrative and maintain public support. 
statute
statute
[Rzeczownik]

an officially written and established law

ustawa, statut

ustawa, statut

Ex: The new statute requires all drivers to use hands-free devices while driving. 
pact
pact
[Rzeczownik]

a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

pakt, umowa

pakt, umowa

Ex: The two countries signed a defense pact to ensure mutual protection against external threats. 
nomination
nomination
[Rzeczownik]

the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

nominacja

nominacja

secession
secession
[Rzeczownik]

the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

secesja

secesja

Ex: The secession of Crimea from Ukraine in 2014 resulted in significant geopolitical tensions. 
commonwealth
commonwealth
[Rzeczownik]

a politically organized body of people under a single government, typically emphasizing the common good

wspólnota, republika

wspólnota, republika

Ex: The commonwealth enacted new laws for public welfare. 
principality
principality
[Rzeczownik]

a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

księstwo, księstwo

księstwo, księstwo

Ex: Monaco is a renowned principality famous for its luxury and glamorous lifestyle. 
manifesto
manifesto
[Rzeczownik]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifest, publiczna deklaracja

manifest, publiczna deklaracja

Ex: The activists issued a manifesto to rally support for their cause. 
delegation
delegation
[Rzeczownik]

the process of assigning authority, responsibility, or tasks from a higher authority to a lower-ranking individual or entity to carry out specific duties or functions on their behalf

delegacja, przeniesienie odpowiedzialności

delegacja, przeniesienie odpowiedzialności

Ex: The mayor's delegation of budgetary decisions to the city council streamlined the governance process. 
embargo
embargo
[Rzeczownik]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

embargo, zakaz handlowy

embargo, zakaz handlowy

hyperpartisanship
hyperpartisanship
[Rzeczownik]

an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

hiperpartyjność, skrajny partyjnizm

hiperpartyjność, skrajny partyjnizm

Ex: The increasing hyperpartisanship in Congress has made it difficult to pass bipartisan legislation. 
bipartisanship
bipartisanship
[Rzeczownik]

agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

dwupartyjność, współpraca dwupartyjna

dwupartyjność, współpraca dwupartyjna

Ex: The healthcare reform bill was a result of rare bipartisanship, with both parties working together to address the needs of the public. 
municipal
municipal
[przymiotnik]

involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

miejski, gminny

miejski, gminny

Ex: The municipal government announced plans to improve public transportation infrastructure in the city. 
electoral
electoral
[przymiotnik]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

wyborczy, elektoralny

wyborczy, elektoralny

Ex: The electoral system determines how representatives are chosen to serve in government. 
democrat
democrat
[Rzeczownik]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

demokrata, zwolennik demokracji społecznej

demokrata, zwolennik demokracji społecznej

Ex: As a Democrat, she believes in expanding access to healthcare for all citizens through government programs. 
liberal
liberal
[przymiotnik]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

liberalny

liberalny

Ex: His liberal views prioritize tolerance, diversity, and progressive social change. 
Republican
Republican
[Rzeczownik]

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

republikanin, członek Partii Republikańskiej

republikanin, członek Partii Republikańskiej

conservative
conservative
[przymiotnik]

holding a political view that supports free enterprise, limited government spending and traditional social views

konserwatywny, prawicowy

konserwatywny, prawicowy

Ex: The conservative candidate focused on fiscal responsibility and reducing government spending. 
self-governing
self-governing
[przymiotnik]

(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

autonomiczny, samorządny

autonomiczny, samorządny

Ex: Greenland is a self-governing territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, managing its own domestic policies while Denmark handles foreign affairs. 
transnational
transnational
[przymiotnik]

operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

transnarodowy, międzynarodowy

transnarodowy, międzynarodowy

Ex: Transnational corporations have global operations and supply chains. 
communist
communist
[przymiotnik]

relating to an ideology or political system advocating for the collective ownership of property and the absence of social classes

komunistyczny

komunistyczny

Ex: The communist government implemented policies aimed at achieving economic equality and social justice. 
federal
federal
[przymiotnik]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

federalny, centralny

federalny, centralny

Ex: Federal laws apply uniformly across the entire country. 
interstate
interstate
[przymiotnik]

involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

międzystanowy, pomiędzy stanami

międzystanowy, pomiędzy stanami

Ex: The interstate highway system facilitates travel and commerce between states in the United States. 
homeland
homeland
[Rzeczownik]

the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

ojczyzna, kraina rodzinna

ojczyzna, kraina rodzinna

Ex: After years of living abroad, she returned to her homeland to visit family. 
authoritarian
authoritarian
[przymiotnik]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

autorytarny, despotyczny

autorytarny, despotyczny

Ex: The authoritarian regime tightly controls the media and suppresses dissenting voices. 
consular
consular
[przymiotnik]

associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

konsularny, związany z konsulatem

konsularny, związany z konsulatem

Ex: The consular services at the embassy in Paris assisted stranded tourists during the travel disruption. 
precolonial
precolonial
[przymiotnik]

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

przedkolonialny, przed kolonizacją

przedkolonialny, przed kolonizacją

Ex: The precolonial era in Africa was marked by the rise and fall of various powerful kingdoms and empires. 
to pass
to pass
[Czasownik]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

przyjmować, uchwalać

przyjmować, uchwalać

Ex: In 1996, Congress unanimously passed the Food Quality Protection Act. 
policy
policy
[Rzeczownik]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

polityka

polityka

Ex: The government introduced a new fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth. 
referendum
referendum
[Rzeczownik]

a vote in which all the people of a country are asked to decide on one political question

referendum, głosowanie powszechne

referendum, głosowanie powszechne

Ex: Many people voted in the referendum. 
treaty
treaty
[Rzeczownik]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

traktat

traktat

Ex: The two countries signed a peace treaty to end decades of conflict and establish diplomatic relations. 
amendment
amendment
[Rzeczownik]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

poprawka, zmiana

poprawka, zmiana

Ex: The proposed amendment to the constitution aims to guarantee equal rights for all citizens. 
constitution
constitution
[Rzeczownik]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

konstytucja

konstytucja

Ex: The constitution of this country guarantees freedom of speech and the separation of powers among its branches of government. 
tenure
tenure
[Rzeczownik]

a period or condition of holding a position

kadencja, stanowisko

kadencja, stanowisko

Ex: After years of research and teaching, she finally achieved tenure as a professor at the university. 
inauguration
inauguration
[Rzeczownik]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inauguracja

inauguracja

Ex: The inauguration of the new president was attended by thousands of spectators gathered on the National Mall. 
to reign
to reign
[Czasownik]

to have control and authority over a place, like a country

panować, rządzić

panować, rządzić

Ex: The king reigned over the kingdom for decades, establishing a prosperous era. 
mandate
mandate
[Rzeczownik]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

mandat, upoważnienie

mandat, upoważnienie

Ex: After winning the election with a significant majority, the new government claimed a strong mandate to implement their policies. 
chamber
chamber
[Rzeczownik]

a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

izba, sala obrad

izba, sala obrad

Ex: The Senate chamber was filled with lawmakers debating the new bill. 
prime minister
prime minister
[Rzeczownik]

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

premier, szef rządu

premier, szef rządu

Ex: The Prime Minister addressed the nation to announce new economic measures aimed at boosting employment. 
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