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Humanidades ACT - Política e Legislativo

Aqui você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês relacionadas à política e ao legislativo, como "eleitoral", "tenure", "federal", etc., que o ajudarão a se sair bem em seus ACTs.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
congress
[substantivo]

(in some countries) the group of people who have been elected to make laws, which in the US it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate

congresso, câmara

congresso, câmara

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confederacy
[substantivo]

a group of people or political organization united by a common cause

confederação, confederação política

confederação, confederação política

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turnout
[substantivo]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

comparecimento eleitoral, participação eleitoral

comparecimento eleitoral, participação eleitoral

Ex: Efforts to increase voter turnout included extending polling hours and providing transportation.
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democracy
[substantivo]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

democracia, governo do povo

democracia, governo do povo

Ex: In democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .
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colony
[substantivo]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

colônia, território colonial

colônia, território colonial

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realm
[substantivo]

a territory or area of land governed by a monarch or sovereign ruler

reino, domínio

reino, domínio

Ex: The king 's coronation ceremony marked his ascension to the throne and his commitment to govern realm justly and wisely .
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party
[substantivo]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

partido, partido político

partido, partido político

Ex: In celebration of their electoral victory , party hosted a gala event to thank volunteers and donors for their contributions .
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senator
[substantivo]

one of the members of Senate

senador, senadora

senador, senadora

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proposition
[substantivo]

a suggestion or plan of action, particularly one in business dealings

proposta, sugestão

proposta, sugestão

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summit
[substantivo]

an official gathering during which the heads of governments discuss crucial issues

cúpula, cimeira

cúpula, cimeira

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propaganda
[substantivo]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

propaganda, propagande

propaganda, propagande

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to propaganda quickly and widely .
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statute
[substantivo]

an officially written and established law

estatuto, lei

estatuto, lei

Ex: Under statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .
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pact
[substantivo]

a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

pacto, acordo

pacto, acordo

Ex: The treaty served as a pact, fostering peace and cooperation between the formerly rival nations .
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nomination
[substantivo]

the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

indicação, nomeação

indicação, nomeação

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secession
[substantivo]

the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

secessão, desmembramento

secessão, desmembramento

Ex: secession of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965 marked a significant event in Southeast Asian history .
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commonwealth
[substantivo]

a political association or entity in which states or countries cooperate and share certain common objectives or interests while retaining their individual independence

comunidade, estado associativo

comunidade, estado associativo

Ex: The concept of commonwealth allows diverse nations to collaborate on global issues while preserving their unique identities and governing structures .
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principality
[substantivo]

a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

principado, príncipe

principado, príncipe

Ex: principality of Sealand , though unconventional , claims to be a sovereign state despite its small size and unique location .
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manifesto
[substantivo]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

manifesto, declaração pública

manifesto, declaração pública

Ex: The student union published manifesto to advocate for better educational resources .
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delegation
[substantivo]

the process of assigning authority, responsibility, or tasks from a higher authority to a lower-ranking individual or entity to carry out specific duties or functions on their behalf

delegação, delegação de autoridade

delegação, delegação de autoridade

Ex: delegation of public health responsibilities to county health departments facilitates local responses to health crises .
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embargo
[substantivo]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

embargo, embargo comercial

embargo, embargo comercial

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hyperpartisanship
[substantivo]

an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

hiperpartidarismo, ultrapartidarismo

hiperpartidarismo, ultrapartidarismo

Ex: Some scholars argue that hyperpartisanship is undermining democratic processes.
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bipartisanship
[substantivo]

agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

bipartidarismo, colaboração bipartidária

bipartidarismo, colaboração bipartidária

Ex: The mayor's initiative to improve public education received bipartisan support, uniting local politicians from different parties.
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municipal
[adjetivo]

involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

municipal, da prefeitura

municipal, da prefeitura

Ex: Municipal utilities ensure reliable access to essential services such as water and electricity for residents .
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electoral
[adjetivo]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

eleitoral, eleitoralista

eleitoral, eleitoralista

Ex: electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .
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democrat
[substantivo]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

democrata, membro do partido democrático

democrata, membro do partido democrático

Ex: In recent elections, Democrats have focused on issues like affordable education and criminal justice reform.
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liberal
[adjetivo]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

liberal, progressista

liberal, progressista

Ex: Critics argue liberal policies can lead to excessive government intervention and dependency on welfare programs .
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Republican
[substantivo]

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

republicano, membro do Partido Republicano

republicano, membro do Partido Republicano

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conservative
[adjetivo]

holding a political view that supports free enterprise, limited government spending and traditional social views

conservador, conservativa

conservador, conservativa

Ex: conservative approach to economic policy emphasizes individual entrepreneurship and minimal regulation .
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self-governing
[adjetivo]

(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

autônomo, self-governante

autônomo, self-governante

Ex: The Nunavut territory in Canada is self-governing region that represents the Inuit people 's interests and cultural identity .
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transnational
[adjetivo]

operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

transnacional, transnacionalista

transnacional, transnacionalista

Ex: The conference discussed strategies for transnational partnerships in the field of healthcare .
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communist
[adjetivo]

relating to an ideology or political system advocating for the collective ownership of property and the absence of social classes

comunista, comunístico

comunista, comunístico

Ex: The communist party advocates for state control of industries and resources to ensure equitable distribution.
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federal
[adjetivo]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

federal, federativo

federal, federativo

Ex: federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .
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interstate
[adjetivo]

involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

interestatal, intermediário

interestatal, intermediário

Ex: The interstate treaty established rules and agreements governing trade and cooperation among neighboring states.
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homeland
[substantivo]

the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

terra natal, pátria

terra natal, pátria

Ex: He fought for the protection of homeland, valuing its history and traditions .
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authoritarian
[adjetivo]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

autoritário, autocrático

autoritário, autocrático

Ex: Authoritarian government frequently disregard human rights and civil liberties in the name of stability .
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consular
[adjetivo]

associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

consular, consulares

consular, consulares

Ex: consular staff organized cultural events to promote understanding and cooperation between nations .
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precolonial
[adjetivo]

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

pré-colonial, anterior à colonização

pré-colonial, anterior à colonização

Ex: Precolonial Australia was home to numerous Aboriginal groups, each with distinct languages, customs, and territories.
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to pass
[verbo]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

aprovar, promulgar

aprovar, promulgar

Ex: The United Nations Security Council passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .
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policy
[substantivo]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

política, diretriz

política, diretriz

Ex: The school district adopted a zero-tolerance policy for bullying.
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referendum
[substantivo]

the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

referendo, plebiscito

referendo, plebiscito

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treaty
[substantivo]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

tratado, convenção

tratado, convenção

Ex: The treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .
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amendment
[substantivo]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

emenda, alteração

emenda, alteração

Ex: The teacher made amendment to the syllabus to include an extra assignment .
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constitution
[substantivo]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

constituição, lei fundamental

constituição, lei fundamental

Ex: constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .
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tenure
[substantivo]

a period or condition of holding a position

mandato, aposentadoria

mandato, aposentadoria

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to tenure due to the job security and benefits it offers .
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inauguration
[substantivo]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inauguração,  Posse

inauguração, Posse

Ex: inauguration festivities included parades , concerts , and fireworks to celebrate the new administration .
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to reign
[verbo]

to have control and authority over a place, like a country

reinar, governar

reinar, governar

Ex: Throughout history , various dynasties reigned over different regions with distinct policies .
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mandate
[substantivo]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

mandato, comissão

mandato, comissão

Ex: The council received mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .
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chamber
[substantivo]

a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

câmara, plenário

câmara, plenário

Ex: During the summit , leaders from across the region gathered in the chamber to discuss regional security issues .
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prime minister
[substantivo]

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

primeiro-ministro, ministro-chefe

primeiro-ministro, ministro-chefe

Ex: The Prime Minister's term in office ended after a successful vote of no confidence in Parliament.
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