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Ανθρωπιστικές Επιστήμες ACT - Πολιτική και Νομοθεσία

Εδώ θα μάθετε μερικές αγγλικές λέξεις που σχετίζονται με την πολιτική και τη νομοθετική εξουσία, όπως "εκλογικό", "θητεία", "ομοσπονδιακό" κ.λπ. που θα σας βοηθήσουν να κάνετε άσσο στα ACT σας.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
congress
[ουσιαστικό]

(in some countries) the group of people who have been elected to make laws, which in the US it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate

Συνέδριο, Κογκρέσο

Συνέδριο, Κογκρέσο

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confederacy
[ουσιαστικό]

a group of people or political organization united by a common cause

συνομοσπονδία, ομοσπονδία

συνομοσπονδία, ομοσπονδία

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turnout
[ουσιαστικό]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

εκλογική συμμετοχή, ποσοστό ψηφοφορίας

εκλογική συμμετοχή, ποσοστό ψηφοφορίας

Ex: Efforts to increase voter turnout included extending polling hours and providing transportation.
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democracy
[ουσιαστικό]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

δημοκρατία, δημοκρατική μορφή κυβέρνησης

δημοκρατία, δημοκρατική μορφή κυβέρνησης

Ex: In democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .
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colony
[ουσιαστικό]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

αποικία, κολωνία

αποικία, κολωνία

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realm
[ουσιαστικό]

a territory or area of land governed by a monarch or sovereign ruler

βασίλειο, βασιλεία

βασίλειο, βασιλεία

Ex: The king 's coronation ceremony marked his ascension to the throne and his commitment to govern realm justly and wisely .
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party
[ουσιαστικό]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

κόμμα, πολιτικό κόμμα

κόμμα, πολιτικό κόμμα

Ex: In celebration of their electoral victory , party hosted a gala event to thank volunteers and donors for their contributions .
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senator
[ουσιαστικό]

one of the members of Senate

γερουσιαστής, υπουργός

γερουσιαστής, υπουργός

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proposition
[ουσιαστικό]

a suggestion or plan of action, particularly one in business dealings

πρόταση, προτάσεις

πρόταση, προτάσεις

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summit
[ουσιαστικό]

an official gathering during which the heads of governments discuss crucial issues

σύνοδος κορυφής, κορυφαία συνάντηση

σύνοδος κορυφής, κορυφαία συνάντηση

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propaganda
[ουσιαστικό]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

προπαγάνδα, προπαγανδιστική πληροφορία

προπαγάνδα, προπαγανδιστική πληροφορία

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to propaganda quickly and widely .
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statute
[ουσιαστικό]

an officially written and established law

νόμος, διάταγμα

νόμος, διάταγμα

Ex: Under statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .
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pact
[ουσιαστικό]

a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

σύμφωνο, συμφωνία

σύμφωνο, συμφωνία

Ex: The treaty served as a pact, fostering peace and cooperation between the formerly rival nations .
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nomination
[ουσιαστικό]

the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

υποψηφιότητα, διορισμός

υποψηφιότητα, διορισμός

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secession
[ουσιαστικό]

the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

διάσπαση, αυτοαναγνώριση

διάσπαση, αυτοαναγνώριση

Ex: secession of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965 marked a significant event in Southeast Asian history .
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commonwealth
[ουσιαστικό]

a political association or entity in which states or countries cooperate and share certain common objectives or interests while retaining their individual independence

κοινότητα, πολιτεία

κοινότητα, πολιτεία

Ex: The concept of commonwealth allows diverse nations to collaborate on global issues while preserving their unique identities and governing structures .
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principality
[ουσιαστικό]

a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

πριγκιπάτο, ηγεμονία

πριγκιπάτο, ηγεμονία

Ex: principality of Sealand , though unconventional , claims to be a sovereign state despite its small size and unique location .
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manifesto
[ουσιαστικό]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

μανιφέστο, διακήρυξη

μανιφέστο, διακήρυξη

Ex: The student union published manifesto to advocate for better educational resources .
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delegation
[ουσιαστικό]

the process of assigning authority, responsibility, or tasks from a higher authority to a lower-ranking individual or entity to carry out specific duties or functions on their behalf

διοίκηση, αντιπροσωπεία

διοίκηση, αντιπροσωπεία

Ex: delegation of public health responsibilities to county health departments facilitates local responses to health crises .
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embargo
[ουσιαστικό]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

εμπάργκο, απαγόρευση εμπορίου

εμπάργκο, απαγόρευση εμπορίου

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hyperpartisanship
[ουσιαστικό]

an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

υπερκομματισμός, ακραίος κομματισμός

υπερκομματισμός, ακραίος κομματισμός

Ex: Some scholars argue that hyperpartisanship is undermining democratic processes.
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bipartisanship
[ουσιαστικό]

agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

δίκομμα συνεργασία, δίκομμα συμφωνία

δίκομμα συνεργασία, δίκομμα συμφωνία

Ex: The mayor's initiative to improve public education received bipartisan support, uniting local politicians from different parties.
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municipal
[επίθετο]

involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

δημοτικός, κοινοτικός

δημοτικός, κοινοτικός

Ex: Municipal utilities ensure reliable access to essential services such as water and electricity for residents .
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electoral
[επίθετο]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

εκλογικός, εκλογική

εκλογικός, εκλογική

Ex: electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .
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democrat
[ουσιαστικό]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

δημοκράτης, δημοκρατικός

δημοκράτης, δημοκρατικός

Ex: In recent elections, Democrats have focused on issues like affordable education and criminal justice reform.
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liberal
[επίθετο]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

φιλελεύθερος, προοδευτικός

φιλελεύθερος, προοδευτικός

Ex: Critics argue liberal policies can lead to excessive government intervention and dependency on welfare programs .
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Republican
[ουσιαστικό]

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

Ρεπουμπλικάνος, Μέλος του Ρεπουμπλικανικού Κόμματος

Ρεπουμπλικάνος, Μέλος του Ρεπουμπλικανικού Κόμματος

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conservative
[επίθετο]

holding a political view that supports free enterprise, limited government spending and traditional social views

συντηρητικός, παραδοσιακός

συντηρητικός, παραδοσιακός

Ex: conservative approach to economic policy emphasizes individual entrepreneurship and minimal regulation .
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self-governing
[επίθετο]

(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

αυτοδιοικούμενος, αυτοκυρίαρχος

αυτοδιοικούμενος, αυτοκυρίαρχος

Ex: The Nunavut territory in Canada is self-governing region that represents the Inuit people 's interests and cultural identity .
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transnational
[επίθετο]

operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

διακρατικός, πολυεθνικός

διακρατικός, πολυεθνικός

Ex: The conference discussed strategies for transnational partnerships in the field of healthcare .
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communist
[επίθετο]

relating to an ideology or political system advocating for the collective ownership of property and the absence of social classes

κομμουνιστικός, κομμουνιστής

κομμουνιστικός, κομμουνιστής

Ex: The communist party advocates for state control of industries and resources to ensure equitable distribution.
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federal
[επίθετο]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

ομοσπονδιακός, κεντρικός

ομοσπονδιακός, κεντρικός

Ex: federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .
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interstate
[επίθετο]

involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

διακρατικός, διακινητικός

διακρατικός, διακινητικός

Ex: The interstate treaty established rules and agreements governing trade and cooperation among neighboring states.
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homeland
[ουσιαστικό]

the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

πατρίδα, πατρίδιο

πατρίδα, πατρίδιο

Ex: He fought for the protection of homeland, valuing its history and traditions .
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authoritarian
[επίθετο]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

αυταρχικός, εξουσιαστικός

αυταρχικός, εξουσιαστικός

Ex: Authoritarian government frequently disregard human rights and civil liberties in the name of stability .
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consular
[επίθετο]

associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

προξενικός, προξενική

προξενικός, προξενική

Ex: consular staff organized cultural events to promote understanding and cooperation between nations .
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precolonial
[επίθετο]

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

προ-(περίοδος) αποικισμού, προαποικιακός

προ-(περίοδος) αποικισμού, προαποικιακός

Ex: Precolonial Australia was home to numerous Aboriginal groups, each with distinct languages, customs, and territories.
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to pass
[ρήμα]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

ψηφίζω, θεσπίζω

ψηφίζω, θεσπίζω

Ex: The United Nations Security Council passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .
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policy
[ουσιαστικό]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

πολιτική, πολιτική δράση

πολιτική, πολιτική δράση

Ex: The school district adopted a zero-tolerance policy for bullying.
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referendum
[ουσιαστικό]

the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

δημοψήφισμα, αναφορά

δημοψήφισμα, αναφορά

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treaty
[ουσιαστικό]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

συνθήκη, υπόθεση

συνθήκη, υπόθεση

Ex: The treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .
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amendment
[ουσιαστικό]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

τροπολογία, μεταρρύθμιση

τροπολογία, μεταρρύθμιση

Ex: The teacher made amendment to the syllabus to include an extra assignment .
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constitution
[ουσιαστικό]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

Σύνταγμα, Καταστατικό

Σύνταγμα, Καταστατικό

Ex: constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .
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tenure
[ουσιαστικό]

a period or condition of holding a position

θητεία, διορίσμος

θητεία, διορίσμος

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to tenure due to the job security and benefits it offers .
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inauguration
[ουσιαστικό]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

εγκαίνια, ορκωμοσία

εγκαίνια, ορκωμοσία

Ex: inauguration festivities included parades , concerts , and fireworks to celebrate the new administration .
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to reign
[ρήμα]

to have control and authority over a place, like a country

βασιλεύω, κυριαρχώ

βασιλεύω, κυριαρχώ

Ex: Throughout history , various dynasties reigned over different regions with distinct policies .
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mandate
[ουσιαστικό]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

εντολή, εντελλόμενη εξουσία

εντολή, εντελλόμενη εξουσία

Ex: The council received mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .
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chamber
[ουσιαστικό]

a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

θάλαμος, αίθουσα

θάλαμος, αίθουσα

Ex: During the summit , leaders from across the region gathered in the chamber to discuss regional security issues .
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prime minister
[ουσιαστικό]

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

Πρωθυπουργός, Πρωθυπουργός της κυβέρνησης

Πρωθυπουργός, Πρωθυπουργός της κυβέρνησης

Ex: The Prime Minister's term in office ended after a successful vote of no confidence in Parliament.
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