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ACT 人文学科 - 政治与立法

在这里,您将学习一些与政治和立法相关的英语单词,例如“选举”、“任期”、“联邦”等,这些将帮助您通过ACT考试。

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
Congress
Congress
[名词]

the legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

国会, 立法机构

国会, 立法机构

Ex: Congress passed a new healthcare bill. 
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confederacy
confederacy
[名词]

a group of people or political organization united by a common cause

联盟, 同盟

联盟, 同盟

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turnout
turnout
[名词]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

投票率, 参与率

投票率, 参与率

Ex: The election saw a high voter turnout, with over 75% of eligible voters participating. 
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democracy
democracy
[名词]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

民主

民主

Ex: In a democracy, all citizens have the right to express their opinions freely and participate in decision-making processes. 
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colony
colony
[名词]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

殖民地, 控制下的领土

殖民地, 控制下的领土

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realm
realm
[名词]

a territory or area of land governed by a monarch or sovereign ruler

王国, 领域

王国, 领域

Ex: The United Kingdom is known for its historic monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II reigning over the realm. 
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party
party
[名词]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

党, 政党

党, 政党

Ex: The political party held a rally to mobilize supporters and promote its platform ahead of the upcoming election. 
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senator
senator
[名词]

a person elected to serve in a Senate, the upper house of a legislature

参议员, 参议员

参议员, 参议员

Ex: The senator spoke about new healthcare legislation. 
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proposition
proposition
[名词]

a suggestion, plan, or proposal, especially in business or negotiation contexts

提议, 建议

提议, 建议

Ex: The company received a proposition to merge with a competitor. 
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summit
summit
[名词]

a formal meeting of leaders, especially heads of government

峰会, 首脑会议

峰会, 首脑会议

Ex: The leaders attended a climate summit in Geneva. 
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propaganda
propaganda
[名词]

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

宣传

宣传

Ex: The regime used propaganda to control the narrative and maintain public support. 
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statute
statute
[名词]

an officially written and established law

法令, 章程

法令, 章程

Ex: The new statute requires all drivers to use hands-free devices while driving. 
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pact
pact
[名词]

a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

协定, 协议

协定, 协议

Ex: The two countries signed a defense pact to ensure mutual protection against external threats. 
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nomination
nomination
[名词]

the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

提名

提名

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secession
secession
[名词]

the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

分裂

分裂

Ex: The secession of Crimea from Ukraine in 2014 resulted in significant geopolitical tensions. 
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commonwealth
commonwealth
[名词]

a politically organized body of people under a single government, typically emphasizing the common good

联邦, 共和国

联邦, 共和国

Ex: The commonwealth enacted new laws for public welfare. 
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principality
principality
[名词]

a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

公国, 公国

公国, 公国

Ex: Monaco is a renowned principality famous for its luxury and glamorous lifestyle. 
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manifesto
manifesto
[名词]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

宣言, 公开声明

宣言, 公开声明

Ex: The activists issued a manifesto to rally support for their cause. 
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delegation
delegation
[名词]

the process of assigning authority, responsibility, or tasks from a higher authority to a lower-ranking individual or entity to carry out specific duties or functions on their behalf

授权, 责任转移

授权, 责任转移

Ex: The mayor's delegation of budgetary decisions to the city council streamlined the governance process. 
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embargo
embargo
[名词]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

禁运, 贸易禁令

禁运, 贸易禁令

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hyperpartisanship

an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

超党派主义, 极端党派性

超党派主义, 极端党派性

Ex: The increasing hyperpartisanship in Congress has made it difficult to pass bipartisan legislation. 
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bipartisanship

agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

两党制, 两党合作

两党制, 两党合作

Ex: The healthcare reform bill was a result of rare bipartisanship, with both parties working together to address the needs of the public. 
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municipal
municipal
[形容词]

involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

市政的, 市政府的

市政的, 市政府的

Ex: The municipal government announced plans to improve public transportation infrastructure in the city. 
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electoral
electoral
[形容词]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

选举的, 与选举有关的

选举的, 与选举有关的

Ex: The electoral system determines how representatives are chosen to serve in government. 
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democrat
democrat
[名词]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

民主党人, 社会民主的支持者

民主党人, 社会民主的支持者

Ex: As a Democrat, she believes in expanding access to healthcare for all citizens through government programs. 
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liberal
liberal
[形容词]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

自由主义的

自由主义的

Ex: His liberal views prioritize tolerance, diversity, and progressive social change. 
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Republican
Republican
[名词]

(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

共和党人, 共和党成员

共和党人, 共和党成员

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conservative
conservative
[形容词]

holding a political view that supports free enterprise, limited government spending and traditional social views

保守的, 右翼的

保守的, 右翼的

Ex: The conservative candidate focused on fiscal responsibility and reducing government spending. 
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self-governing
self-governing
[形容词]

(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

自治的, 自我管理的

自治的, 自我管理的

Ex: Greenland is a self-governing territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, managing its own domestic policies while Denmark handles foreign affairs. 
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transnational
transnational
[形容词]

operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

跨国的, 跨国界的

跨国的, 跨国界的

Ex: Transnational corporations have global operations and supply chains. 
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communist
communist
[形容词]

relating to an ideology or political system advocating for the collective ownership of property and the absence of social classes

共产主义的

共产主义的

Ex: The communist government implemented policies aimed at achieving economic equality and social justice. 
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federal
federal
[形容词]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

联邦的, 中央的

联邦的, 中央的

Ex: Federal laws apply uniformly across the entire country. 
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interstate
interstate
[形容词]

involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

州际的, 州之间的

州际的, 州之间的

Ex: The interstate highway system facilitates travel and commerce between states in the United States. 
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homeland
homeland
[名词]

the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

祖国, 家乡

祖国, 家乡

Ex: After years of living abroad, she returned to her homeland to visit family. 
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authoritarian
authoritarian
[形容词]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

威权主义的, 专制的

威权主义的, 专制的

Ex: The authoritarian regime tightly controls the media and suppresses dissenting voices. 
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consular
consular
[形容词]

associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

领事的, 与领事馆有关的

领事的, 与领事馆有关的

Ex: The consular services at the embassy in Paris assisted stranded tourists during the travel disruption. 
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precolonial
precolonial
[形容词]

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

前殖民时期的, 殖民前的

前殖民时期的, 殖民前的

Ex: The precolonial era in Africa was marked by the rise and fall of various powerful kingdoms and empires. 
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to pass
to pass
[动词]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

通过, 批准

通过, 批准

Ex: In 1996, Congress unanimously passed the Food Quality Protection Act. 
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policy
policy
[名词]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

政策

政策

Ex: The government introduced a new fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth. 
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referendum
referendum
[名词]

a vote in which all the people of a country are asked to decide on one political question

公投, 全民投票

公投, 全民投票

Ex: Many people voted in the referendum. 
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treaty
treaty
[名词]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

条约

条约

Ex: The two countries signed a peace treaty to end decades of conflict and establish diplomatic relations. 
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amendment
amendment
[名词]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

修正案, 修改

修正案, 修改

Ex: The proposed amendment to the constitution aims to guarantee equal rights for all citizens. 
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constitution
constitution
[名词]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

宪法

宪法

Ex: The constitution of this country guarantees freedom of speech and the separation of powers among its branches of government. 
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tenure
tenure
[名词]

a period or condition of holding a position

任期, 职位

任期, 职位

Ex: After years of research and teaching, she finally achieved tenure as a professor at the university. 
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inauguration
inauguration
[名词]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

就职典礼

就职典礼

Ex: The inauguration of the new president was attended by thousands of spectators gathered on the National Mall. 
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to reign
to reign
[动词]

to have control and authority over a place, like a country

统治, 支配

统治, 支配

Ex: The king reigned over the kingdom for decades, establishing a prosperous era. 
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mandate
mandate
[名词]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

授权, 委任

授权, 委任

Ex: After winning the election with a significant majority, the new government claimed a strong mandate to implement their policies. 
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chamber
chamber
[名词]

a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

会议厅, 议事厅

会议厅, 议事厅

Ex: The Senate chamber was filled with lawmakers debating the new bill. 
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prime minister

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

总理, 政府首脑

总理, 政府首脑

Ex: The Prime Minister addressed the nation to announce new economic measures aimed at boosting employment. 
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