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ACT Humanities - Politics and Legislature

Here you will learn some English words related to politics and legislature, such as "electoral", "tenure", "federal", etc. that will help you ace your ACTs.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
congress
[noun]

(in some countries) the group of people who have been elected to make laws, which in the US it consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate

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a group of people or political organization united by a common cause

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turnout
[noun]

the percentage or number of eligible voters who actually cast their vote

Ex: Efforts to increase voter turnout included extending polling hours and providing transportation.
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democracy
[noun]

a form of government where the power is vested in the hands of the people, either directly or through elected representatives

Ex: In a democracy, the judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches .
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colony
[noun]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

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realm
[noun]

a territory or area of land governed by a monarch or sovereign ruler

Ex: The king 's coronation ceremony marked his ascension to the throne and his commitment to govern the realm justly and wisely .
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party
[noun]

an official political group with shared beliefs, goals, and policies aiming to be a part of or form a government

Ex: In celebration of their electoral victory , the party hosted a gala event to thank volunteers and donors for their contributions .
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senator
[noun]

one of the members of Senate

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a suggestion or plan of action, particularly one in business dealings

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summit
[noun]

an official gathering during which the heads of governments discuss crucial issues

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information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

Ex: The rise of social media has made it easier to disseminate propaganda quickly and widely .
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statute
[noun]

an officially written and established law

Ex: Under the statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .
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pact
[noun]

a formal agreement between parties, particularly to help one another

Ex: The treaty served as a historic pact, fostering peace and cooperation between the formerly rival nations .
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the process of officially selecting a candidate for either an election or bestowing an honnor

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secession
[noun]

the formal act of breaking away from a larger political entity or organization

Ex: The secession of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965 marked a significant event in Southeast Asian history .
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a political association or entity in which states or countries cooperate and share certain common objectives or interests while retaining their individual independence

Ex: The concept of a commonwealth allows diverse nations to collaborate on global issues while preserving their unique identities and governing structures .
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a territory or state ruled by a prince, often smaller than a kingdom but with a degree of political independence

Ex: The principality of Sealand , though unconventional , claims to be a sovereign state despite its small size and unique location .
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manifesto
[noun]

a written public declaration of intentions, opinions, and objectives, often issued by a political party, a government, or a group of individuals with a shared interest or purpose

Ex: The student union published a manifesto to advocate for better educational resources .
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the process of assigning authority, responsibility, or tasks from a higher authority to a lower-ranking individual or entity to carry out specific duties or functions on their behalf

Ex: The delegation of public health responsibilities to county health departments facilitates local responses to health crises .
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embargo
[noun]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

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an extreme allegiance to a particular political party or ideology

Ex: Some scholars argue that hyperpartisanship is undermining democratic processes .
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agreement and collaboration between two major political parties that typically oppose each other's policies

Ex: The mayor's initiative to improve public education received bipartisan support, uniting local politicians from different parties.
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municipal
[Adjective]

involving or belonging to the government of a city, town, etc.

Ex: Municipal utilities ensure reliable access to essential services such as water and electricity for residents .
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electoral
[Adjective]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

Ex: The electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .
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democrat
[noun]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

Ex: In recent elections, Democrats have focused on issues like affordable education and criminal justice reform.
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liberal
[Adjective]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

Ex: Critics argue that liberal policies can lead to excessive government intervention and dependency on welfare programs .
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(in the US) someone who supports or is a member of the Republican Party

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conservative
[Adjective]

holding a political view that supports free enterprise, limited government spending and traditional social views

Ex: A conservative approach to economic policy emphasizes individual entrepreneurship and minimal regulation .
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self-governing
[Adjective]

(of a territory, organization, etc.) making decisions regarding one's internal affairs without external interference

Ex: The Nunavut territory in Canada is a self-governing region that represents the Inuit people 's interests and cultural identity .
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transnational
[Adjective]

operating or involving activities across multiple countries or nations

Ex: The conference discussed strategies for fostering transnational partnerships in the field of healthcare .
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communist
[Adjective]

relating to an ideology or political system advocating for the collective ownership of property and the absence of social classes

Ex: The communist party advocates for state control of industries and resources to ensure equitable distribution.
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federal
[Adjective]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

Ex: The federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .
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interstate
[Adjective]

involving or relating to the interactions or relationships between states within a country or federation

Ex: The interstate treaty established rules and agreements governing trade and cooperation among neighboring states.
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homeland
[noun]

the place where someone or a group of people come from and feel a strong connection to

Ex: He fought for the protection of his homeland, valuing its history and traditions .
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authoritarian
[Adjective]

(of a person or system) enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of individual freedom

Ex: Authoritarian government frequently disregard human rights and civil liberties in the name of stability .
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consular
[Adjective]

associated with matters or activities of a consulate or consul, particularly the representation and protection of a country's citizens and interests in a foreign city or region

Ex: The consular staff organized cultural events to promote understanding and cooperation between nations .
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precolonial
[Adjective]

relating to the period in a region's history before it was colonized by foreign powers

Ex: Precolonial Australia was home to numerous Aboriginal groups, each with distinct languages, customs, and territories.
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to pass
[Verb]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

Ex: The United Nations Security Council has passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .
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policy
[noun]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

Ex: The school district adopted a zero-tolerance policy for bullying.
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the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

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treaty
[noun]

an official agreement between two or more governments or states

Ex: The extradition treaty allowed for the transfer of criminals between the two countries to face justice .
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amendment
[noun]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

Ex: The teacher made an amendment to the syllabus to include an extra assignment .
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the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .
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tenure
[noun]

a period or condition of holding a position

Ex: Many young professionals aspire to secure tenure due to the job security and benefits it offers .
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a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

Ex: The inauguration festivities included parades , concerts , and fireworks to celebrate the new administration .
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to reign
[Verb]

to have control and authority over a place, like a country

Ex: Throughout history , various dynasties have reigned over different regions with distinct policies .
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mandate
[noun]

the legality and power given to a government or other organization after winning an election

Ex: The council received a mandate from its members to negotiate better working conditions with the management .
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chamber
[noun]

a formal meeting place where discussions or decisions take place, particularly within a administrative or judicial context

Ex: During the summit , leaders from across the region gathered in the diplomatic chamber to discuss regional security issues .
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the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

Ex: The Prime Minister's term in office ended after a successful vote of no confidence in Parliament.
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ACT Humanities
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