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Santé et Maladie - Conditions Médicales

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à des conditions médicales telles que "allergie", "diabète" et "insomnie".

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alcoholism

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

alcoolisme

alcoolisme

Ex: Research has shown a correlation between stress and an increased risk of alcoholism. 

La recherche a montré une corrélation entre le stress et un risque accru d'alcoolisme.

allergy
allergy
[nom]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

allergie

allergie

Ex: He carries an epinephrine injector at all times due to his severe bee sting allergy. 

Il porte un injecteur d'épinéphrine en permanence en raison de sa grave allergie aux piqûres d'abeilles.

alopecia

a medical condition characterized by hair loss or baldness, which can occur on the scalp or other parts of the body

alopécie

alopécie

amenorrhoea

the absence or abnormal cessation of menstruation in women of reproductive age

aménorrhée

aménorrhée

Ex: A thorough medical examination is necessary to identify the underlying causes of amenorrhea. 

Un examen médical approfondi est nécessaire pour identifier les causes sous-jacentes de l'aménorrhée.

amnesia
amnesia
[nom]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnésie

amnésie

Ex: The neurologist explained that his amnesia made it hard to learn new names, though long‑term memories remained intact. 

Le neurologue a expliqué que son amnésie rendait difficile l'apprentissage de nouveaux noms, bien que les souvenirs à long terme soient restés intacts.

anaphylactic shock

severe, life-threatening allergic reaction causing rapid onset, breathing difficulty, low blood pressure, and potential loss of consciousness

choc anaphylactique, réaction anaphylactique

choc anaphylactique, réaction anaphylactique

Ex: The administration of epinephrine is crucial in treating anaphylactic shock to reverse its effects. 

L'administration d'épinéphrine est cruciale dans le traitement du choc anaphylactique pour inverser ses effets.

anaphylaxis

severe and life-threatening allergic reaction with rapid and serious symptoms

anaphylaxie, réaction anaphylactique

anaphylaxie, réaction anaphylactique

Ex: Sarah experienced anaphylaxis after eating peanuts, showing hives and dizziness. 

Sarah a subi une anaphylaxie après avoir mangé des arachides, présentant de l'urticaire et des vertiges.

aphasia
aphasia
[nom]

a neurological disorder affecting language comprehension or production

aphasie, aphasie

aphasie, aphasie

Ex: The patient received therapy to help recover from aphasia. 

Le patient a reçu une thérapie pour aider à récupérer de l'aphasie.

arteriosclerosis

hardening and thickening of arteries, restricting blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular issues

artériosclérose

artériosclérose

Ex: Arteriosclerosis can result in narrowed arteries, restricting blood flow to vital organs. 

L'artériosclérose peut entraîner un rétrécissement des artères, limitant le flux sanguin vers les organes vitaux.

brain death

complete and permanent loss of all brain functions, indicating irreversible cessation of activity

mort cérébrale, décès cérébral

mort cérébrale, décès cérébral

Ex: Organ donation is typically considered after a patient is declared brain dead. 

Le don d'organes est généralement envisagé après qu'un patient est déclaré en état de mort cérébrale.

catarrh
catarrh
[nom]

a medical condition during which mucus accumulates in one's nose, throat, or sinuses and blocks them

catarrhe

catarrhe

Ex: The doctor explained that catarrh is often a symptom of allergies or infections, such as the common cold. 

Le médecin a expliqué que la catarrhe est souvent un symptôme d'allergies ou d'infections, comme le rhume.

cleft palate

a congenital condition where there is an opening or gap in the roof of the mouth, often present from birth

fente palatine, palais fendu

fente palatine, palais fendu

Ex: Speech therapy is commonly recommended for children with a cleft palate to improve communication. 

L'orthophonie est couramment recommandée pour les enfants ayant un palais fendu pour améliorer la communication.

congestion

a condition where an excess amount of blood or other fluid accumulates in a part of the body, leading to swelling or discomfort

congestion, engorgement

congestion, engorgement

Ex: She used a decongestant spray to relieve her sinus congestion and reduce pressure in her head. 

Elle a utilisé un spray décongestionnant pour soulager sa congestion nasale et réduire la pression dans sa tête.

deep vein thrombosis

a severe medical condition caused by a blood clot that is formed in one or more of the deep veins in one's body, particularly in one's legs

thrombose veineuse profonde

thrombose veineuse profonde

delirium tremens

a serious alcohol withdrawal condition causing confusion, hallucinations, and tremors

délirium tremens, delirium tremens

délirium tremens, delirium tremens

Ex: The patient exhibited severe tremors and confusion, classic signs of delirium tremens. 

Le patient a présenté des tremblements sévères et de la confusion, signes classiques du delirium tremens.

diabetes

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

diabète

diabète

coronary thrombosis

a severe medical condition during which a blood clot in a coronary artery causes a blockage in the flow of blood that leads to heart

thrombose coronaire

thrombose coronaire

anemia
anemia
[nom]

a condition in which the number of healthy red blood cells in one's body is low

anémie

anémie

Ex: Iron supplements are often prescribed for anemia. 

Les suppléments de fer sont souvent prescrits pour l'anémie.

exposure

a harmful medical condition caused by being without adequate protection from severe cold for too long

exposition au froid, hypothermie

exposition au froid, hypothermie

Ex: Two climbers were hospitalized suffering from exposure. 
fever
fever
[nom]

a condition when the body temperature rises, usually when we are sick

fièvre

fièvre

Ex: My sister was burning up with a fever in the middle of the night. 

Ma sœur avait une fièvre ardente au milieu de la nuit.

gallstone

a solid particle that forms in the gallbladder, often composed of cholesterol or bilirubin, causing pain or other symptoms

calcul biliaire, lithiase biliaire

calcul biliaire, lithiase biliaire

Ex: Gallstones can be detected through imaging tests, such as ultrasound or CT scans. 

Les calculs biliaires peuvent être détectés par des tests d'imagerie, tels que l'échographie ou les scanners.

gangrene

a chronic condition during which tissues in one's body die as a result of an obstruction in circulation or a bacterial infection

gangrène

gangrène

hemorrhoids

swollen and painful veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum

hémorroïde

hémorroïde

heart failure

a medical condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention

insuffisance cardiaque

insuffisance cardiaque

Ex: Heart failure can be caused by conditions such as coronary artery disease or hypertension. 

L'insuffisance cardiaque peut être causée par des affections telles que la maladie coronarienne ou l'hypertension.

heatstroke

a serious condition that happens when the body gets too hot due to a lengthly exposure to high temperature

insolation, coup de chaleur

insolation, coup de chaleur

Ex: Symptoms of heatstroke can include a high body temperature and rapid heartbeat. 

Les symptômes du coup de chaleur peuvent inclure une température corporelle élevée et un rythme cardiaque rapide.

hernia
hernia
[nom]

a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place

hernie

hernie

bronchitis

a condition when the tubes that carry air to one's lungs get infectious

bronchite

bronchite

Ex: Cold, damp weather often exacerbated his bronchitis symptoms, making breathing more difficult. 

Le temps froid et humide aggravait souvent les symptômes de sa bronchite, rendant la respiration plus difficile.

hyperglycaemia

a medical condition characterized by higher than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or other underlying health issues

hyperglycémie, glycémie élevée

hyperglycémie, glycémie élevée

Ex: Hyperglycemia can be managed through insulin therapy, medications, and lifestyle changes. 

Hyperglycémie peut être gérée par l'insulinothérapie, les médicaments et les changements de mode de vie.

hypoglycaemia

a medical condition characterized by lower than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or excessive insulin

hypoglycémie

hypoglycémie

Ex: Sarah felt shaky and lightheaded due to hypoglycemia, prompting her to eat a snack to raise her blood sugar. 

Sarah se sentait tremblante et étourdie en raison de l'hypoglycémie, ce qui l'a incitée à manger une collation pour augmenter sa glycémie.

hypothermia

a medical condition where the body loses heat faster than it can generate it, resulting in a dangerously low body temperature

hypothermie, refroidissement excessif

hypothermie, refroidissement excessif

Ex: Hikers caught in a sudden snowstorm must take immediate action to prevent hypothermia. 

Les randonneurs pris dans une tempête de neige soudaine doivent agir immédiatement pour prévenir l'hypothermie.

hysteria

a medical condition in which a person suddenly feels extreme emotions or makes them violent in a way that they cannot control it

hystérie

hystérie

immunodeficiency

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

immunodéficience

immunodéficience

Ex: Individuals with immunodeficiency may need to take extra precautions to avoid exposure to contagious illnesses. 

Les personnes souffrant d'immunodéficience peuvent avoir besoin de prendre des précautions supplémentaires pour éviter l'exposition aux maladies contagieuses.

insomnia

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insomnie

insomnie

Ex: His insomnia often left him tossing and turning at night, searching for a comfortable position to fall asleep. 

Son insomnie le laissait souvent se tourner et se retourner la nuit, cherchant une position confortable pour s'endormir.

malnutrition

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

malnutrition

malnutrition

Ex: The effects of malnutrition can be devastating, leading to stunted growth, weakened immune systems, and impaired cognitive development. 

Les effets de la malnutrition peuvent être dévastateurs, entraînant un retard de croissance, un affaiblissement du système immunitaire et une altération du développement cognitif.

migraine

a severe recurring type of headache, particularly affecting one side of the head, and often causing visual disturbances and nausea

migraine

migraine

Ex: His migraine lasted for hours, making it hard to focus on anything. 

Sa migraine a duré des heures, ce qui rendait difficile de se concentrer sur quoi que ce soit.

narcolepsy

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

narcolepsie, maladie du sommeil

narcolepsie, maladie du sommeil

Ex: Individuals with narcolepsy may experience cataplexy, a sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by emotions. 

Les personnes atteintes de narcolepsie peuvent éprouver une cataplexie, une perte soudaine du tonus musculaire déclenchée par des émotions.

necrosis

a type of cell death that occurs due to injury, infection, inflammation, or other forms of cellular stress

nécrose

nécrose

Ex: Gangrene is a type of necrosis that occurs when there is a lack of blood supply to the affected area. 

La gangrène est un type de nécrose qui se produit lorsqu'il y a un manque d'approvisionnement en sang dans la zone affectée.

obesity
obesity
[nom]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obésité

obésité

Ex: The prevalence of obesity is associated with various factors, including sedentary lifestyles, poor dietary habits, and genetic predisposition. 

La prévalence de l'obésité est associée à divers facteurs, notamment les modes de vie sédentaires, les mauvaises habitudes alimentaires et la prédisposition génétique.

osteoporosis

a medical condition characterized by weakened bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures

ostéoporose

ostéoporose

Ex: Regular weight-bearing exercises and sufficient calcium intake help prevent osteoporosis. 

Les exercices réguliers de mise en charge et un apport suffisant en calcium aident à prévenir l'ostéoporose.

paraplegia

a type of paralysis that affects the legs and the lower body as the result of spinal cord damage

paraplégie

paraplégie

Ex: Advances in medical research are aiming to find treatments for paraplegia. 

Les progrès de la recherche médicale visent à trouver des traitements pour la paralysie des membres inférieurs.

peptic ulcer

an open sore in the stomach or upper part of the small intestine caused by stomach acid erosion, often leading to abdominal pain and discomfort

ulcère peptique, ulcère gastroduodénal

ulcère peptique, ulcère gastroduodénal

Ex: Helicobacter pylori infection is a common cause of peptic ulcers and is treated with antibiotics. 

L'infection à Helicobacter pylori est une cause fréquente d'ulcères peptiques et est traitée avec des antibiotiques.

inflammation

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

inflammation

inflammation

sepsis
sepsis
[nom]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

sepsis

sepsis

Ex: Early recognition and prompt treatment are crucial in managing sepsis and improving outcomes. 

La reconnaissance précoce et le traitement rapide sont cruciaux dans la gestion de la sepsis et l'amélioration des résultats.

slipped disc

a painful condition resulting from one of the discs in one's spine moving out of its proper position

hernie discale

hernie discale

sudden infant death syndrome

the unexplained and sudden death of an otherwise healthy infant, usually during sleep

syndrome de mort subite du nourrisson, mort subite du nourrisson

syndrome de mort subite du nourrisson, mort subite du nourrisson

Ex: To reduce the risk of SIDS, experts recommend placing infants on their backs to sleep. 

Pour réduire le risque de mort subite du nourrisson, les experts recommandent de placer les bébés sur le dos pour dormir.

thrombosis

a severe medical condition in which the blood clots and blocks the blood vessels, particularly those leading to one's heart

thrombose

thrombose

fetal alcohol syndrome

a severe medical condition resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol during pregnancy that can cause the child to be born with birth defects and developmental disabilities

syndrome d’alcoolisation fœtale

syndrome d’alcoolisation fœtale

laryngitis

a severe medical condition during which voice cords in one's voice box become painful and swollen, often resulting in loss of the voice or having difficulty breathing

laryngite

laryngite

snow-blindness

a condition of being temporarily unable to see due to one's eyes being exposed to ultraviolet rays reflected off snow or ice

cécité des neiges, ophtalmie des neiges

cécité des neiges, ophtalmie des neiges

breathlessness

a condition that makes one breath too fast or with difficulty

essoufflement

essoufflement

cataract

a medical condition characterized by the progressive clouding or opacity of the lens of the eye, resulting in blurred vision

cataracte

cataracte

Ex: Cataract surgery is usually performed to remove the cloudy lens and replace it with an artificial lens implant. 

La chirurgie de la cataracte est généralement pratiquée pour retirer le cristallin opaque et le remplacer par un implant de lentille artificielle.

toxemia
toxemia
[nom]

a pregnancy complication marked by high blood pressure and protein in the urine

toxémie

toxémie

Ex: Her high blood pressure raised concerns about toxemia. 
scurvy
scurvy
[nom]

a disease caused by severe lack of vitamin C

scorbut

scorbut

emphysema

a chronic respiratory condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, leading to difficulty in exhaling air and causing shortness of breath

emphysème

emphysème

Ex: People with emphysema often experience persistent coughing and wheezing. 

Les personnes atteintes d'emphysème souffrent souvent d'une toux persistante et de sifflements.

diarrhea

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

diarrhée

diarrhée

Ex: Viral infections, bacterial infections, and food poisoning are common causes of acute diarrhea. 
atrophy
atrophy
[nom]

the gradual wasting away or shrinkage of a body tissue or organ, typically due to lack of use, injury, or a medical condition

atrophie, dégénérescence

atrophie, dégénérescence

Ex: Nerve damage may result in muscle atrophy in the affected area. 

Les lésions nerveuses peuvent entraîner une atrophie musculaire dans la zone affectée.

heart attack

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

crise cardiaque

crise cardiaque

Ex: The doctor explained the symptoms of a heart attack and emphasized the importance of quick medical attention. 

Le médecin a expliqué les symptômes d'une crise cardiaque et a souligné l'importance d'une attention médicale rapide.

altitude sickness

an illness resulting from reduced air pressure and oxygen at high altitudes, causing symptoms like headache and nausea

mal de l'altitude

mal de l'altitude

Ex: Altitude sickness symptoms often include shortness of breath and fatigue. 

Les symptômes du mal de l'altitude incluent souvent un essoufflement et une fatigue.

seasickness

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

mal de mer

mal de mer

sunstroke

an illness characterized by high fever and caused by prolonged exposure to excessive heat or sunlight

insolation

insolation

stroke
stroke
[nom]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

accident vasculaire cérébral

accident vasculaire cérébral

Ex: Symptoms of stroke can include sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body. 
cardiac arrest

a sudden and abrupt loss of heart function, leading to the cessation of blood circulation and vital organ function

arrêt cardiaque

arrêt cardiaque

Ex: Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest signs, like loss of consciousness, is vital for timely intervention. 

La reconnaissance immédiate des signes d'arrêt cardiaque, comme la perte de conscience, est vitale pour une intervention rapide.

myocardial infarction

a heart attack, occurring when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing damage or death to the affected tissue

infarctus du myocarde, crise cardiaque

infarctus du myocarde, crise cardiaque

Ex: Chest discomfort, often described as pressure or squeezing, is a common symptom of myocardial infarction. 

L'inconfort thoracique, souvent décrit comme une pression ou une compression, est un symptôme courant de l'infarctus du myocarde.

infarction

the death of tissue, typically caused by a lack of blood supply, leading to irreversible damage

infarctus

infarctus

Ex: Timely intervention is crucial to prevent irreversible damage during an organ infarction. 

Une intervention opportune est cruciale pour prévenir des dommages irréversibles lors d'un infarctus d'organe.

hemorrhage

an excessive and uncontrollable loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel

hémorragie

hémorragie

Ex: The patient's hemorrhage was caused by a medication side effect. 

L'hémorragie du patient a été causée par un effet secondaire d'un médicament.

pulmonary embolism

a condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot

embolie pulmonaire

embolie pulmonaire

Ex: Surgery increases the risk of a pulmonary embolism. 

La chirurgie augmente le risque d'embolie pulmonaire.

embolism

the obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus which is a particle that travels through the bloodstream and blocks a vessel

embolie

embolie

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