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Santé et Maladie - Conditions Médicales

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à des conditions médicales telles que "allergie", "diabète" et "insomnie".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
alcoholism

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

alcoolisme

alcoolisme

Ex: Alcoholism can impact a person's career, relationships, and overall well-being. 
allergy
allergy
[nom]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

allergie

allergie

Ex: Her peanut allergy is so severe that even a small amount can trigger a serious reaction. 
alopecia

a medical condition characterized by hair loss or baldness, which can occur on the scalp or other parts of the body

alopécie

alopécie

amenorrhoea

the absence or abnormal cessation of menstruation in women of reproductive age

aménorrhée

aménorrhée

Ex: Stress and extreme weight loss can contribute to the development of amenorrhea. 
amnesia
amnesia
[nom]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnésie

amnésie

Ex: After the car accident she experienced temporary amnesia and could not remember the afternoon before the crash. 
anaphylactic shock

severe, life-threatening allergic reaction causing rapid onset, breathing difficulty, low blood pressure, and potential loss of consciousness

choc anaphylactique, réaction anaphylactique

choc anaphylactique, réaction anaphylactique

Ex: Jane experienced anaphylactic shock after eating peanuts, to which she was severely allergic. 
anaphylaxis

severe and life-threatening allergic reaction with rapid and serious symptoms

anaphylaxie, réaction anaphylactique

anaphylaxie, réaction anaphylactique

Ex: Mark's bee sting caused anaphylaxis with swelling and breathing difficulty. 
aphasia
aphasia
[nom]

a neurological disorder affecting language comprehension or production

aphasie, aphasie

aphasie, aphasie

Ex: After the stroke, he developed aphasia and struggled to form sentences. 
arteriosclerosis

hardening and thickening of arteries, restricting blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular issues

artériosclérose

artériosclérose

Ex: Smoking and high cholesterol contribute to the development of arteriosclerosis. 
brain death

complete and permanent loss of all brain functions, indicating irreversible cessation of activity

mort cérébrale, décès cérébral

mort cérébrale, décès cérébral

Ex: The medical team confirmed brain death when no brain activity was detected on multiple tests. 
catarrh
catarrh
[nom]

a medical condition during which mucus accumulates in one's nose, throat, or sinuses and blocks them

catarrhe

catarrhe

Ex: She suffered from persistent catarrh, experiencing a constant runny nose and throat irritation. 
cleft palate

a congenital condition where there is an opening or gap in the roof of the mouth, often present from birth

fente palatine, palais fendu

fente palatine, palais fendu

Ex: Baby Emma was born with a cleft palate, requiring surgical correction. 
congestion

a condition where an excess amount of blood or other fluid accumulates in a part of the body, leading to swelling or discomfort

congestion, engorgement

congestion, engorgement

Ex: Nasal congestion made it difficult for him to breathe comfortably, especially at night. 
deep vein thrombosis

a severe medical condition caused by a blood clot that is formed in one or more of the deep veins in one's body, particularly in one's legs

thrombose veineuse profonde

thrombose veineuse profonde

delirium tremens

a serious alcohol withdrawal condition causing confusion, hallucinations, and tremors

délirium tremens, delirium tremens

délirium tremens, delirium tremens

Ex: Delirium tremens can be life-threatening, requiring immediate medical attention. 
diabetes

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

diabète

diabète

coronary thrombosis

a severe medical condition during which a blood clot in a coronary artery causes a blockage in the flow of blood that leads to heart

thrombose coronaire

thrombose coronaire

anemia
anemia
[nom]

a condition in which the number of healthy red blood cells in one's body is low

anémie

anémie

Ex: The patient was diagnosed with anemia after blood tests. 
exposure

a medical condition caused by prolonged contact with extreme weather, such as heat or cold, without protection

exposition au froid, hypothermie

exposition au froid, hypothermie

Ex: Hikers suffered from cold exposure during the blizzard. 
fever
fever
[nom]

a condition when the body temperature rises, usually when we are sick

fièvre

fièvre

Ex: A fever is one of the common symptoms of the flu. 
gallstone

a solid particle that forms in the gallbladder, often composed of cholesterol or bilirubin, causing pain or other symptoms

calcul biliaire, lithiase biliaire

calcul biliaire, lithiase biliaire

Ex: Susan experienced intense pain due to a gallstone blocking a bile duct. 
gangrene

a chronic condition during which tissues in one's body die as a result of an obstruction in circulation or a bacterial infection

gangrène

gangrène

hemorrhoids

swollen and painful veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum

hémorroïde

hémorroïde

heart failure

a medical condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention

insuffisance cardiaque

insuffisance cardiaque

Ex: Mary was diagnosed with heart failure after experiencing persistent fatigue and difficulty breathing. 
heatstroke

a serious condition that happens when the body gets too hot due to a lengthly exposure to high temperature

insolation, coup de chaleur

insolation, coup de chaleur

Ex: She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from heatstroke during the marathon. 
hernia
hernia
[nom]

a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place

hernie

hernie

bronchitis

a condition when the tubes that carry air to one's lungs get infectious

bronchite

bronchite

Ex: Smoking can increase the risk of developing chronic bronchitis and other respiratory problems. 
hyperglycaemia

a medical condition characterized by higher than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or other underlying health issues

hyperglycémie, glycémie élevée

hyperglycémie, glycémie élevée

Ex: Jane's persistent thirst and frequent urination were signs of hyperglycemia related to diabetes. 
hypoglycaemia

a medical condition characterized by lower than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or excessive insulin

hypoglycémie

hypoglycémie

Ex: Hypoglycemia symptoms may include confusion, sweating, and irritability. 
hypothermia

a medical condition where the body loses heat faster than it can generate it, resulting in a dangerously low body temperature

hypothermie, refroidissement excessif

hypothermie, refroidissement excessif

Ex: After falling into icy water, Jack developed hypothermia, experiencing shivering and confusion. 
hysteria

a medical condition in which a person suddenly feels extreme emotions or makes them violent in a way that they cannot control it

hystérie

hystérie

immunodeficiency

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

immunodéficience

immunodéficience

Ex: Immunodeficiency disorders can be inherited or acquired, affecting the body's ability to fight infections. 
insomnia

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insomnie

insomnie

Ex: After several weeks of stress at work, she began to suffer from insomnia, making it difficult to concentrate during the day. 
malnutrition

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

malnutrition

malnutrition

Ex: Malnutrition remains a pressing global health issue, particularly affecting children in developing countries. 
migraine

a severe recurring type of headache, particularly affecting one side of the head, and often causing visual disturbances and nausea

migraine

migraine

Ex: She had to lie down in a dark room because of her migraine. 
narcolepsy

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

narcolepsie, maladie du sommeil

narcolepsie, maladie du sommeil

Ex: Jane's narcolepsy caused her to unexpectedly fall asleep during daily activities, affecting her work. 
necrosis

a type of cell death that occurs due to injury, infection, inflammation, or other forms of cellular stress

nécrose

nécrose

Ex: The doctor diagnosed necrosis in the patient's limbs, which had turned black and blue due to lack of blood flow. 
obesity
obesity
[nom]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obésité

obésité

Ex: Obesity rates have been steadily rising worldwide, becoming a major public health concern in many countries. 
osteoporosis

a medical condition characterized by weakened bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures

ostéoporose

ostéoporose

Ex: Jane was diagnosed with osteoporosis after a bone density test revealed low bone mass. 
paraplegia

a type of paralysis that affects the legs and the lower body as the result of spinal cord damage

paraplégie

paraplégie

Ex: The accident resulted in paraplegia, leaving him unable to walk. 
peptic ulcer

an open sore in the stomach or upper part of the small intestine caused by stomach acid erosion, often leading to abdominal pain and discomfort

ulcère peptique, ulcère gastroduodénal

ulcère peptique, ulcère gastroduodénal

Ex: John experienced abdominal pain and bloating, leading to the diagnosis of a peptic ulcer. 
inflammation

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

inflammation

inflammation

sepsis
sepsis
[nom]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

sepsis

sepsis

Ex: Tim was hospitalized with sepsis after an untreated infection spread throughout his body. 
slipped disc

a painful condition resulting from one of the discs in one's spine moving out of its proper position

hernie discale

hernie discale

sudden infant death syndrome

the unexplained and sudden death of an otherwise healthy infant, usually during sleep

syndrome de mort subite du nourrisson, mort subite du nourrisson

syndrome de mort subite du nourrisson, mort subite du nourrisson

Ex: SIDS is a devastating event where an infant dies unexpectedly and without any apparent cause 
thrombosis

a severe medical condition in which the blood clots and blocks the blood vessels, particularly those leading to one's heart

thrombose

thrombose

fetal alcohol syndrome

a severe medical condition resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol during pregnancy that can cause the child to be born with birth defects and developmental disabilities

syndrome d’alcoolisation fœtale

syndrome d’alcoolisation fœtale

laryngitis

a severe medical condition during which voice cords in one's voice box become painful and swollen, often resulting in loss of the voice or having difficulty breathing

laryngite

laryngite

snow-blindness

a condition of being temporarily unable to see due to one's eyes being exposed to ultraviolet rays reflected off snow or ice

cécité des neiges, ophtalmie des neiges

cécité des neiges, ophtalmie des neiges

breathlessness

a condition that makes one breath too fast or with difficulty

essoufflement

essoufflement

cataract

a medical condition characterized by the progressive clouding or opacity of the lens of the eye, resulting in blurred vision

cataracte

cataracte

Ex: Dorothy's vision had become quite blurry as she developed advanced cataracts in both eyes. 
toxemia
toxemia
[nom]

abnormal pregnancy condition marked by high blood pressure, swelling, and protein in the urine, often known as preeclampsia

toxémie, pré-éclampsie

toxémie, pré-éclampsie

Ex: Mary was diagnosed with toxemia during pregnancy. 
scurvy
scurvy
[nom]

a disease caused by severe lack of vitamin C

scorbut

scorbut

emphysema

a chronic respiratory condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, leading to difficulty in exhaling air and causing shortness of breath

emphysème

emphysème

Ex: Smoking is a major risk factor for developing emphysema, a condition that affects the lungs. 
diarrhea

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

diarrhée

diarrhée

Ex: Diarrhea is characterized by loose, watery stools occurring frequently throughout the day. 
atrophy
atrophy
[nom]

the gradual wasting away or shrinkage of a body tissue or organ, typically due to lack of use, injury, or a medical condition

atrophie, dégénérescence

atrophie, dégénérescence

Ex: Prolonged immobilization can lead to muscle atrophy, causing weakness and loss of function. 
heart attack

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

crise cardiaque

crise cardiaque

Ex: He felt a sharp pain in his chest and was rushed to the hospital with a suspected heart attack. 
altitude sickness

an illness resulting from reduced air pressure and oxygen at high altitudes, causing symptoms like headache and nausea

mal de l'altitude

mal de l'altitude

Ex: Climbers ascending rapidly may experience altitude sickness due to the thin air at higher elevations. 
seasickness

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

mal de mer

mal de mer

sunstroke

an illness characterized by high fever and caused by prolonged exposure to excessive heat or sunlight

insolation

insolation

stroke
stroke
[nom]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

accident vasculaire cérébral

accident vasculaire cérébral

Ex: A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain either becomes blocked (ischemic stroke) or bursts (hemorrhagic stroke). 
cardiac arrest

a sudden and abrupt loss of heart function, leading to the cessation of blood circulation and vital organ function

arrêt cardiaque

arrêt cardiaque

Ex: Common causes of cardiac arrest include heart attack, arrhythmias, and respiratory failure. 
myocardial infarction

a heart attack, occurring when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing damage or death to the affected tissue

infarctus du myocarde, crise cardiaque

infarctus du myocarde, crise cardiaque

Ex: John experienced chest pain and shortness of breath, signaling a possible myocardial infarction. 
infarction

the death of tissue, typically caused by a lack of blood supply, leading to irreversible damage

infarctus

infarctus

Ex: Infarction can have severe consequences, highlighting the importance of preventive measures and early treatment. 
hemorrhage

an excessive and uncontrollable loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel

hémorragie

hémorragie

Ex: The doctor was able to stop the hemorrhage and save the patient's life. 
pulmonary embolism

a condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot

embolie pulmonaire

embolie pulmonaire

Ex: She was rushed to the hospital with a pulmonary embolism. 
embolism

the obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus which is a particle that travels through the bloodstream and blocks a vessel

embolie

embolie

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