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Santé et Maladie - Conditions Médicales

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à des conditions médicales telles que "allergie", "diabète" et "insomnie".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

alcoolisme

alcoolisme

Ex: Research has shown a correlation between stress and an increased risk of alcoholism.La recherche a montré une corrélation entre le stress et un risque accru d'**alcoolisme**.
allergy
[nom]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

allergie

allergie

Ex: After coming into contact with the cat , she experienced an allergic reaction due to her pet allergy.Après être entrée en contact avec le chat, elle a subi une réaction allergique en raison de son **allergie** aux animaux.

a medical condition characterized by hair loss or baldness, which can occur on the scalp or other parts of the body

alopécie

alopécie

the absence or abnormal cessation of menstruation in women of reproductive age

aménorrhée

aménorrhée

Ex: Hormonal imbalances, such as low estrogen levels, can contribute to the development of amenorrhea.Les déséquilibres hormonaux, tels que les faibles niveaux d'œstrogène, peuvent contribuer au développement de l'**aménorrhée**.
amnesia
[nom]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnésie

amnésie

severe, life-threatening allergic reaction causing rapid onset, breathing difficulty, low blood pressure, and potential loss of consciousness

choc anaphylactique, réaction anaphylactique

choc anaphylactique, réaction anaphylactique

Ex: Symptoms of anaphylactic shock may include hives , swelling , and a feeling of impending doom .Les symptômes du **choc anaphylactique** peuvent inclure de l'urticaire, un gonflement et un sentiment de malheur imminent.

severe and life-threatening allergic reaction with rapid and serious symptoms

anaphylaxie, réaction anaphylactique

anaphylaxie, réaction anaphylactique

Ex: Michelle 's severe anaphylaxis resulted from exposure to pollen .L'**anaphylaxie** sévère de Michelle résultait d'une exposition au pollen.
aphasia
[nom]

a language disorder resulting from brain damage or injury that impairs an individual's ability to understand, produce, and use language

aphasie, trouble du langage

aphasie, trouble du langage

hardening and thickening of arteries, restricting blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular issues

artériosclérose

artériosclérose

Ex: As arteriosclerosis advances , it can lead to complications such as heart attacks and strokes .À mesure que l'**artériosclérose** progresse, elle peut entraîner des complications telles que des crises cardiaques et des accidents vasculaires cérébraux.

complete and permanent loss of all brain functions, indicating irreversible cessation of activity

mort cérébrale, décès cérébral

mort cérébrale, décès cérébral

Ex: The determination of brain death involves rigorous clinical and neurologic assessments .La détermination de la **mort cérébrale** implique des évaluations cliniques et neurologiques rigoureuses.
catarrh
[nom]

a medical condition during which mucus accumulates in one's nose, throat, or sinuses and blocks them

catarrhe

catarrhe

Ex: During the winter months , many people experience catarrh due to the increased prevalence of respiratory infections .Pendant les mois d'hiver, beaucoup de gens souffrent de **catarrhe** en raison de la prévalence accrue des infections respiratoires.

a congenital condition where there is an opening or gap in the roof of the mouth, often present from birth

fente palatine, palais fendu

fente palatine, palais fendu

Ex: Cleft palate can vary in severity , and treatment approaches are tailored accordingly .La **fente palatine** peut varier en gravité, et les approches de traitement sont adaptées en conséquence.

a condition where an excess amount of blood or other fluid accumulates in a part of the body, leading to swelling or discomfort

congestion, engorgement

congestion, engorgement

Ex: During allergy season , many people experience congestion due to increased pollen in the air .Pendant la saison des allergies, beaucoup de gens souffrent de **congestion** en raison de l'augmentation du pollen dans l'air.

a severe medical condition caused by a blood clot that is formed in one or more of the deep veins in one's body, particularly in one's legs

thrombose veineuse profonde

thrombose veineuse profonde

a serious alcohol withdrawal condition causing confusion, hallucinations, and tremors

délirium tremens, delirium tremens

délirium tremens, delirium tremens

Ex: Excessive alcohol intake can lead to delirium tremens, a dangerous withdrawal syndrome .

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

diabète

diabète

a severe medical condition during which a blood clot in a coronary artery causes a blockage in the flow of blood that leads to heart

thrombose coronaire

thrombose coronaire

anemia
[nom]

a condition in which the number of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin in one's body is low

anémie

anémie

a medical condition caused by being out in extreme weather conditions for very long without protection to the effects of harsh weather

exposition au froid, hypothermie

exposition au froid, hypothermie

fever
[nom]

a condition when the body temperature rises, usually when we are sick

fièvre

fièvre

Ex: She developed a fever after being exposed to the virus .Elle a développé une **fièvre** après avoir été exposée au virus.

a solid particle that forms in the gallbladder, often composed of cholesterol or bilirubin, causing pain or other symptoms

calcul biliaire, lithiase biliaire

calcul biliaire, lithiase biliaire

Ex: Some individuals may have gallstones without experiencing noticeable symptoms .Certaines personnes peuvent avoir des **calculs biliaires** sans ressentir de symptômes perceptibles.

a chronic condition during which tissues in one's body die as a result of an obstruction in circulation or a bacterial infection

gangrène

gangrène

swollen and painful veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum

hémorroïde

hémorroïde

a medical condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention

insuffisance cardiaque

insuffisance cardiaque

Ex: Heart failure is a chronic condition that requires ongoing medical management and follow-up .**L'insuffisance cardiaque** est une maladie chronique qui nécessite une prise en charge médicale et un suivi continus.

a serious condition that happens when the body gets too hot due to a lengthly exposure to high temperature

insolation, coup de chaleur

insolation, coup de chaleur

Ex: Seeking shade and cooling down immediately can help treat heatstroke.Chercher de l'ombre et se rafraîchir immédiatement peut aider à traiter le **coup de chaleur**.
hernia
[nom]

a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place

hernie

hernie

a condition when the tubes that carry air to one's lungs get infectious

bronchite

bronchite

Ex: After weeks of a persistent cough , the doctor diagnosed him with bronchitis.Après des semaines de toux persistante, le médecin l'a diagnostiqué avec une **bronchite**.

a medical condition characterized by higher than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or other underlying health issues

hyperglycémie, glycémie élevée

hyperglycémie, glycémie élevée

Ex: Dietary modifications, including reducing sugar and carbohydrate intake, help control hyperglycemia.

a medical condition characterized by lower than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or excessive insulin

hypoglycémie

hypoglycémie

Ex: Maintaining a consistent meal schedule helps prevent fluctuations that can lead to hypoglycemia.

a medical condition where the body loses heat faster than it can generate it, resulting in a dangerously low body temperature

hypothermie, refroidissement excessif

hypothermie, refroidissement excessif

Ex: Emergency blankets are often used to prevent or treat hypothermia in outdoor survival situations .Les couvertures de survie sont souvent utilisées pour prévenir ou traiter **l'hypothermie** dans les situations de survie en plein air.

a medical condition in which a person suddenly feels extreme emotions or makes them violent in a way that they cannot control it

hystérie

hystérie

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

immunodéficience

immunodéficience

Ex: Immunodeficiency may be characterized by a lack of immune system components , like T cells or antibodies .**Immunodéficience** peut être caractérisée par un manque de composants du système immunitaire, comme les lymphocytes T ou les anticorps.

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

insomnie

insomnie

Ex: Despite feeling exhausted , his insomnia made it impossible for him to get a good night 's rest .Malgré une sensation d'épuisement, son **insomnie** lui a rendu impossible de passer une bonne nuit de repos.

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

malnutrition

malnutrition

Ex: Despite progress in recent years , malnutrition continues to be a significant challenge , highlighting the need for sustained efforts and investment in nutrition programs and policies .Malgré les progrès réalisés ces dernières années, la **malnutrition** continue d'être un défi majeur, soulignant la nécessité d'efforts soutenus et d'investissements dans les programmes et politiques de nutrition.

a severe recurring type of headache, particularly affecting one side of the head, and often causing visual disturbances and nausea

migraine

migraine

Ex: She ’s trying to avoid triggers that could cause a migraine, like certain foods .Elle essaie d'éviter les déclencheurs qui pourraient causer une **migraine**, comme certains aliments.

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

narcolepsie, maladie du sommeil

narcolepsie, maladie du sommeil

Ex: Narcolepsy is often diagnosed through a combination of medical history, sleep studies, and neurological examinations.La **narcolepsie** est souvent diagnostiquée grâce à une combinaison d'antécédents médicaux, d'études du sommeil et d'examens neurologiques.

a type of cell death that occurs due to injury, infection, inflammation, or other forms of cellular stress

nécrose

nécrose

Ex: The autopsy revealed that the cause of death was necrosis of the liver due to acute alcohol poisoning .L'autopsie a révélé que la cause du décès était une **nécrose** du foie due à une intoxication alcoolique aiguë.
obesity
[nom]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obésité

obésité

Ex: Addressing obesity requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits , regular physical activity , and community-wide initiatives .Aborder **l'obésité** nécessite une approche multidimensionnelle qui inclut la promotion d'habitudes alimentaires saines, une activité physique régulière et des initiatives à l'échelle de la communauté.

a medical condition characterized by weakened bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures

ostéoporose

ostéoporose

Ex: Osteoporosis may lead to fractures in the hip , spine , and wrist with minimal trauma .**L'ostéoporose** peut entraîner des fractures de la hanche, de la colonne vertébrale et du poignet avec un traumatisme minimal.

a type of paralysis that affects the legs and the lower body as the result of spinal cord damage

paraplégie

paraplégie

Ex: She received physical therapy to manage her paraplegia and improve her mobility .Elle a reçu une thérapie physique pour gérer sa **paraplegie** et améliorer sa mobilité.

an open sore in the stomach or upper part of the small intestine caused by stomach acid erosion, often leading to abdominal pain and discomfort

ulcère peptique, ulcère gastroduodénal

ulcère peptique, ulcère gastroduodénal

Ex: Lifestyle changes , such as quitting smoking and reducing stress , can help manage peptic ulcer symptoms .Les changements de mode de vie, comme arrêter de fumer et réduire le stress, peuvent aider à gérer les symptômes de l'**ulcère peptique**.

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

inflammation

inflammation

sepsis
[nom]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

sepsis

sepsis

Ex: Timely diagnosis of the underlying infection is essential for effective sepsis management .

a painful condition resulting from one of the discs in one's spine moving out of its proper position

hernie discale

hernie discale

the unexplained and sudden death of an otherwise healthy infant, usually during sleep

syndrome de mort subite du nourrisson, mort subite du nourrisson

syndrome de mort subite du nourrisson, mort subite du nourrisson

Ex: Ongoing awareness campaigns educate parents on safe sleep practices to reduce the incidence of SIDS.Les campagnes de sensibilisation en cours éduquent les parents sur les pratiques de sommeil sécuritaires pour réduire l'incidence du **syndrome de mort subite du nourrisson**.

a severe medical condition in which the blood clots and blocks the blood vessels, particularly those leading to one's heart

thrombose

thrombose

a severe medical condition resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol during pregnancy that can cause the child to be born with birth defects and developmental disabilities

syndrome d’alcoolisation fœtale

syndrome d’alcoolisation fœtale

a severe medical condition during which voice cords in one's voice box become painful and swollen, often resulting in loss of the voice or having difficulty breathing

laryngite

laryngite

a condition of being temporarily unable to see due to one's eyes being exposed to ultraviolet rays reflected off snow or ice

cécité des neiges, ophtalmie des neiges

cécité des neiges, ophtalmie des neiges

a condition that makes one breath too fast or with difficulty

essoufflement

essoufflement

a medical condition characterized by the progressive clouding or opacity of the lens of the eye, resulting in blurred vision

cataracte

cataracte

Ex: As a risk of aging , cataracts often develop slowly over many years causing vision to deteriorate .En tant que risque de vieillissement, les **cataractes** se développent souvent lentement sur de nombreuses années, entraînant une détérioration de la vision.
toxemia
[nom]

abnormal pregnancy condition marked by high blood pressure, swelling, and protein in the urine, often known as preeclampsia

toxémie, pré-éclampsie

toxémie, pré-éclampsie

Ex: Pregnant individuals with past toxemia receive extra attention in subsequent pregnancies .
scurvy
[nom]

a disease caused by severe lack of vitamin C

scorbut

scorbut

a chronic respiratory condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, leading to difficulty in exhaling air and causing shortness of breath

emphysème

emphysème

Ex: Shortness of breath during physical activity is a common symptom of emphysema.L'essoufflement pendant l'activité physique est un symptôme courant de l'**emphysème**.

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

diarrhée

diarrhée

Ex: Chronic diarrhea may indicate underlying health conditions and requires medical evaluation for proper diagnosis and management .La **diarrhée** chronique peut indiquer des problèmes de santé sous-jacents et nécessite une évaluation médicale pour un diagnostic et une prise en charge appropriés.
atrophy
[nom]

the gradual wasting away or shrinkage of a body tissue or organ, typically due to lack of use, injury, or a medical condition

atrophie, dégénérescence

atrophie, dégénérescence

Ex: Treatment for joint injuries focuses on preventing the atrophy of surrounding tissues .Le traitement des lésions articulaires vise à prévenir l'**atrophie** des tissus environnants.

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

crise cardiaque

crise cardiaque

Ex: The sudden heart attack took everyone by surprise , highlighting the unpredictability of heart disease .La **crise cardiaque** soudaine a pris tout le monde par surprise, soulignant l'imprévisibilité des maladies cardiaques.

an illness resulting from reduced air pressure and oxygen at high altitudes, causing symptoms like headache and nausea

mal de l'altitude

mal de l'altitude

Ex: Symptoms of altitude sickness usually improve with descent to lower elevations .Les symptômes du **mal de l'altitude** s'améliorent généralement avec la descente à des altitudes plus basses.

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

mal de mer

mal de mer

an illness characterized by high fever and caused by prolonged exposure to excessive heat or sunlight

insolation

insolation

stroke
[nom]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

accident vasculaire cérébral

accident vasculaire cérébral

Ex: Common risk factors for stroke include high blood pressure , diabetes , high cholesterol , smoking , and obesity .Les facteurs de risque courants d'**accident vasculaire cérébral** incluent l'hypertension artérielle, le diabète, l'hypercholestérolémie, le tabagisme et l'obésité.

a sudden and abrupt loss of heart function, leading to the cessation of blood circulation and vital organ function

arrêt cardiaque

arrêt cardiaque

Ex: Underlying heart conditions , high blood pressure , and certain medications can contribute to the risk of cardiac arrest.Les problèmes cardiaques sous-jacents, l'hypertension artérielle et certains médicaments peuvent contribuer au risque d'**arrêt cardiaque**.

a heart attack, occurring when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing damage or death to the affected tissue

infarctus du myocarde, crise cardiaque

infarctus du myocarde, crise cardiaque

Ex: Immediate medical attention is necessary if someone exhibits signs of a myocardial infarction, such as radiating chest pain and nausea .Une attention médicale immédiate est nécessaire si quelqu'un présente des signes d'**infarctus du myocarde**, tels qu'une douleur thoracique irradiante et des nausées.

the death of tissue, typically caused by a lack of blood supply, leading to irreversible damage

infarctus

infarctus

Ex: Cerebral infarction results from a lack of blood flow to the brain , often causing a stroke .L'**infarctus** cérébral résulte d'un manque de flux sanguin vers le cerveau, provoquant souvent un accident vasculaire cérébral.

an excessive and uncontrollable loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel

hémorragie

hémorragie

Ex: The patient 's hemorrhage was caused by a medication side effect .L'**hémorragie** du patient a été causée par un effet secondaire d'un médicament.

a condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot

embolie pulmonaire

embolie pulmonaire

Ex: Rapid breathing and a fast heart rate can indicate a pulmonary embolism.Une respiration rapide et un rythme cardiaque accéléré peuvent indiquer une **embolie pulmonaire**.

the obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus which is a particle that travels through the bloodstream and blocks a vessel

embolie

embolie

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