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Zdraví a Nemoci - Lékařské Stavy

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s lékařskými stavy, jako jsou "alergie", "diabetes" a "nespavost".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
alcoholism
alcoholism
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

alkoholismus, závislost na alkoholu

alkoholismus, závislost na alkoholu

Ex: Alcoholism can impact a person's career, relationships, and overall well-being. 
allergy
allergy
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

alergie

alergie

Ex: Her peanut allergy is so severe that even a small amount can trigger a serious reaction. 
alopecia
alopecia
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition characterized by hair loss or baldness, which can occur on the scalp or other parts of the body

alopecie

alopecie

amenorrhoea
amenorrhoea
[Podstatné jméno]

the absence or abnormal cessation of menstruation in women of reproductive age

amenorea

amenorea

Ex: Stress and extreme weight loss can contribute to the development of amenorrhea. 
amnesia
amnesia
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnézie

amnézie

Ex: After the car accident she experienced temporary amnesia and could not remember the afternoon before the crash. 
anaphylactic shock
anaphylactic shock
[Podstatné jméno]

severe, life-threatening allergic reaction causing rapid onset, breathing difficulty, low blood pressure, and potential loss of consciousness

anafylaktický šok, těžká alergická reakce

anafylaktický šok, těžká alergická reakce

Ex: Jane experienced anaphylactic shock after eating peanuts, to which she was severely allergic. 
anaphylaxis
anaphylaxis
[Podstatné jméno]

severe and life-threatening allergic reaction with rapid and serious symptoms

anafylaxe, anafylaktická reakce

anafylaxe, anafylaktická reakce

Ex: Mark's bee sting caused anaphylaxis with swelling and breathing difficulty. 
aphasia
aphasia
[Podstatné jméno]

a neurological disorder affecting language comprehension or production

afázie, afázie

afázie, afázie

Ex: After the stroke, he developed aphasia and struggled to form sentences. 
arteriosclerosis
arteriosclerosis
[Podstatné jméno]

hardening and thickening of arteries, restricting blood flow and increasing the risk of cardiovascular issues

arterioskleróza

arterioskleróza

Ex: Smoking and high cholesterol contribute to the development of arteriosclerosis. 
brain death
brain death
[Podstatné jméno]

complete and permanent loss of all brain functions, indicating irreversible cessation of activity

smrt mozku, mozková smrt

smrt mozku, mozková smrt

Ex: The medical team confirmed brain death when no brain activity was detected on multiple tests. 
catarrh
catarrh
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition during which mucus accumulates in one's nose, throat, or sinuses and blocks them

katar, nachlazení

katar, nachlazení

Ex: She suffered from persistent catarrh, experiencing a constant runny nose and throat irritation. 
cleft palate
cleft palate
[Podstatné jméno]

a congenital condition where there is an opening or gap in the roof of the mouth, often present from birth

rozštěp patra, rozštěp rtu a patra

rozštěp patra, rozštěp rtu a patra

Ex: Baby Emma was born with a cleft palate, requiring surgical correction. 
congestion
congestion
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition where an excess amount of blood or other fluid accumulates in a part of the body, leading to swelling or discomfort

překrvení, otok

překrvení, otok

Ex: Nasal congestion made it difficult for him to breathe comfortably, especially at night. 
deep vein thrombosis
deep vein thrombosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe medical condition caused by a blood clot that is formed in one or more of the deep veins in one's body, particularly in one's legs

hluboká žilní trombóza, DVT

hluboká žilní trombóza, DVT

delirium tremens
delirium tremens
[Podstatné jméno]

a serious alcohol withdrawal condition causing confusion, hallucinations, and tremors

delirium tremens, třesavkové delirium

delirium tremens, třesavkové delirium

Ex: Delirium tremens can be life-threatening, requiring immediate medical attention. 
diabetes
diabetes
[Podstatné jméno]

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

diabetes

diabetes

coronary thrombosis
coronary thrombosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe medical condition during which a blood clot in a coronary artery causes a blockage in the flow of blood that leads to heart

koronární trombóza, koronární okluze

koronární trombóza, koronární okluze

anemia
anemia
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition in which the number of healthy red blood cells in one's body is low

anémie, chudokrevnost

anémie, chudokrevnost

Ex: The patient was diagnosed with anemia after blood tests. 
exposure
exposure
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition caused by prolonged contact with extreme weather, such as heat or cold, without protection

vystavení, dlouhodobé vystavení

vystavení, dlouhodobé vystavení

Ex: Hikers suffered from cold exposure during the blizzard. 
fever
fever
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition when the body temperature rises, usually when we are sick

horečka, teplota

horečka, teplota

Ex: A fever is one of the common symptoms of the flu. 
gallstone
gallstone
[Podstatné jméno]

a solid particle that forms in the gallbladder, often composed of cholesterol or bilirubin, causing pain or other symptoms

žlučový kámen, kámen ve žlučníku

žlučový kámen, kámen ve žlučníku

Ex: Susan experienced intense pain due to a gallstone blocking a bile duct. 
gangrene
gangrene
[Podstatné jméno]

a chronic condition during which tissues in one's body die as a result of an obstruction in circulation or a bacterial infection

gangréna, nekróza

gangréna, nekróza

hemorrhoids
hemorrhoids
[Podstatné jméno]

swollen and painful veins in the lower part of the anus and rectum

hemoroidy

hemoroidy

heart failure
heart failure
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention

srdeční selhání

srdeční selhání

Ex: Mary was diagnosed with heart failure after experiencing persistent fatigue and difficulty breathing. 
heatstroke
heatstroke
[Podstatné jméno]

a serious condition that happens when the body gets too hot due to a lengthly exposure to high temperature

úpal, úžeh

úpal, úžeh

Ex: She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from heatstroke during the marathon. 
hernia
hernia
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition in which part of an organ squeezes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place

kýla

kýla

bronchitis
bronchitis
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition when the tubes that carry air to one's lungs get infectious

zánět průdušek

zánět průdušek

Ex: Smoking can increase the risk of developing chronic bronchitis and other respiratory problems. 
hyperglycaemia
hyperglycaemia
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition characterized by higher than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or other underlying health issues

hyperglykémie, vysoká hladina cukru v krvi

hyperglykémie, vysoká hladina cukru v krvi

Ex: Jane's persistent thirst and frequent urination were signs of hyperglycemia related to diabetes. 
hypoglycaemia
hypoglycaemia
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition characterized by lower than normal levels of blood glucose, often associated with diabetes or excessive insulin

hypoglykémie

hypoglykémie

Ex: Hypoglycemia symptoms may include confusion, sweating, and irritability. 
hypothermia
hypothermia
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition where the body loses heat faster than it can generate it, resulting in a dangerously low body temperature

hypotermie, nadměrné ochlazení

hypotermie, nadměrné ochlazení

Ex: After falling into icy water, Jack developed hypothermia, experiencing shivering and confusion. 
hysteria
hysteria
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition in which a person suddenly feels extreme emotions or makes them violent in a way that they cannot control it

hysterie

hysterie

immunodeficiency
immunodeficiency
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses

imunodeficience

imunodeficience

Ex: Immunodeficiency disorders can be inherited or acquired, affecting the body's ability to fight infections. 
insomnia
insomnia
[Podstatné jméno]

a disorder in which one is unable to sleep or stay asleep

nespavost, porucha spánku

nespavost, porucha spánku

Ex: After several weeks of stress at work, she began to suffer from insomnia, making it difficult to concentrate during the day. 
malnutrition
malnutrition
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition in which a person does not have enough food or good food to eat in order to stay healthy

podvýživa, malnutrice

podvýživa, malnutrice

Ex: Malnutrition remains a pressing global health issue, particularly affecting children in developing countries. 
migraine
migraine
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe recurring type of headache, particularly affecting one side of the head, and often causing visual disturbances and nausea

migréna, bolest hlavy

migréna, bolest hlavy

Ex: She had to lie down in a dark room because of her migraine. 
narcolepsy
narcolepsy
[Podstatné jméno]

a neurological condition causing sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep, often accompanied by muscle weakness or vivid dreams

narkolepsie, spánková nemoc

narkolepsie, spánková nemoc

Ex: Jane's narcolepsy caused her to unexpectedly fall asleep during daily activities, affecting her work. 
necrosis
necrosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of cell death that occurs due to injury, infection, inflammation, or other forms of cellular stress

nekróza, nekrotická buněčná smrt

nekróza, nekrotická buněčná smrt

Ex: The doctor diagnosed necrosis in the patient's limbs, which had turned black and blue due to lack of blood flow. 
obesity
obesity
[Podstatné jméno]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obezita, nadváha

obezita, nadváha

Ex: Obesity rates have been steadily rising worldwide, becoming a major public health concern in many countries. 
osteoporosis
osteoporosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition characterized by weakened bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures

osteoporóza

osteoporóza

Ex: Jane was diagnosed with osteoporosis after a bone density test revealed low bone mass. 
paraplegia
paraplegia
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of paralysis that affects the legs and the lower body as the result of spinal cord damage

paraplegie

paraplegie

Ex: The accident resulted in paraplegia, leaving him unable to walk. 
peptic ulcer
peptic ulcer
[Podstatné jméno]

an open sore in the stomach or upper part of the small intestine caused by stomach acid erosion, often leading to abdominal pain and discomfort

peptický vřed, žaludeční vřed

peptický vřed, žaludeční vřed

Ex: John experienced abdominal pain and bloating, leading to the diagnosis of a peptic ulcer. 
inflammation
inflammation
[Podstatné jméno]

a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes swollen, painful, and red as a result of an infection or injury

zánět

zánět

sepsis
sepsis
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe, life-threatening response to infection causing widespread inflammation and potential organ failure

sepse

sepse

Ex: Tim was hospitalized with sepsis after an untreated infection spread throughout his body. 
slipped disc
slipped disc
[Podstatné jméno]

a painful condition resulting from one of the discs in one's spine moving out of its proper position

výhřez ploténky, sklouzlý disk

výhřez ploténky, sklouzlý disk

sudden infant death syndrome
sudden infant death syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

the unexplained and sudden death of an otherwise healthy infant, usually during sleep

syndrom náhlého úmrtí kojence, náhlé úmrtí kojence

syndrom náhlého úmrtí kojence, náhlé úmrtí kojence

Ex: SIDS is a devastating event where an infant dies unexpectedly and without any apparent cause 
thrombosis
thrombosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe medical condition in which the blood clots and blocks the blood vessels, particularly those leading to one's heart

trombóza, krevní sraženina

trombóza, krevní sraženina

fetal alcohol syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe medical condition resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol during pregnancy that can cause the child to be born with birth defects and developmental disabilities

fetální alkoholový syndrom, FAS

fetální alkoholový syndrom, FAS

laryngitis
laryngitis
[Podstatné jméno]

a severe medical condition during which voice cords in one's voice box become painful and swollen, often resulting in loss of the voice or having difficulty breathing

laryngitida, zánět hrtanu

laryngitida, zánět hrtanu

snow-blindness
snow-blindness
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition of being temporarily unable to see due to one's eyes being exposed to ultraviolet rays reflected off snow or ice

sněžná slepota, sněžná oftalmie

sněžná slepota, sněžná oftalmie

breathlessness
breathlessness
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition that makes one breath too fast or with difficulty

dušnost, dyspnoe

dušnost, dyspnoe

cataract
cataract
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition characterized by the progressive clouding or opacity of the lens of the eye, resulting in blurred vision

šedý zákal, zakalení čočky

šedý zákal, zakalení čočky

Ex: Dorothy's vision had become quite blurry as she developed advanced cataracts in both eyes. 
toxemia
toxemia
[Podstatné jméno]

abnormal pregnancy condition marked by high blood pressure, swelling, and protein in the urine, often known as preeclampsia

toxemie, preeklampsie

toxemie, preeklampsie

Ex: Mary was diagnosed with toxemia during pregnancy. 
scurvy
scurvy
[Podstatné jméno]

a disease caused by severe lack of vitamin C

kurděje, onemocnění způsobené těžkým nedostatkem vitaminu C

kurděje, onemocnění způsobené těžkým nedostatkem vitaminu C

emphysema
emphysema
[Podstatné jméno]

a chronic respiratory condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, leading to difficulty in exhaling air and causing shortness of breath

emfyzém

emfyzém

Ex: Smoking is a major risk factor for developing emphysema, a condition that affects the lungs. 
diarrhea
diarrhea
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical condition in which body waste turns to liquid and comes out frequently

průjem, úplavice

průjem, úplavice

Ex: Diarrhea is characterized by loose, watery stools occurring frequently throughout the day. 
atrophy
atrophy
[Podstatné jméno]

the gradual wasting away or shrinkage of a body tissue or organ, typically due to lack of use, injury, or a medical condition

atrofie, degenerace

atrofie, degenerace

Ex: Prolonged immobilization can lead to muscle atrophy, causing weakness and loss of function. 
heart attack
heart attack
[Podstatné jméno]

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

srdeční infarkt, infarkt myokardu

srdeční infarkt, infarkt myokardu

Ex: He felt a sharp pain in his chest and was rushed to the hospital with a suspected heart attack. 
altitude sickness
altitude sickness
[Podstatné jméno]

an illness resulting from reduced air pressure and oxygen at high altitudes, causing symptoms like headache and nausea

výšková nemoc

výšková nemoc

Ex: Climbers ascending rapidly may experience altitude sickness due to the thin air at higher elevations. 
seasickness
seasickness
[Podstatné jméno]

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

mořská nemoc, nevolnost z houpání lodi

mořská nemoc, nevolnost z houpání lodi

sunstroke
sunstroke
[Podstatné jméno]

an illness characterized by high fever and caused by prolonged exposure to excessive heat or sunlight

úžeh, úpal

úžeh, úpal

stroke
stroke
[Podstatné jméno]

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

mrtvice, mozková příhoda

mrtvice, mozková příhoda

Ex: A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain either becomes blocked (ischemic stroke) or bursts (hemorrhagic stroke). 
cardiac arrest
cardiac arrest
[Podstatné jméno]

a sudden and abrupt loss of heart function, leading to the cessation of blood circulation and vital organ function

zástava srdce

zástava srdce

Ex: Common causes of cardiac arrest include heart attack, arrhythmias, and respiratory failure. 
myocardial infarction
myocardial infarction
[Podstatné jméno]

a heart attack, occurring when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing damage or death to the affected tissue

infarkt myokardu, srdeční infarkt

infarkt myokardu, srdeční infarkt

Ex: John experienced chest pain and shortness of breath, signaling a possible myocardial infarction. 
infarction
infarction
[Podstatné jméno]

the death of tissue, typically caused by a lack of blood supply, leading to irreversible damage

infarkt

infarkt

Ex: Infarction can have severe consequences, highlighting the importance of preventive measures and early treatment. 
hemorrhage
hemorrhage
[Podstatné jméno]

an excessive and uncontrollable loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel

krvácení

krvácení

Ex: The doctor was able to stop the hemorrhage and save the patient's life. 
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary embolism
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot

plicní embolie

plicní embolie

Ex: She was rushed to the hospital with a pulmonary embolism. 
embolism
embolism
[Podstatné jméno]

the obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus which is a particle that travels through the bloodstream and blocks a vessel

embolie, cévní okluze

embolie, cévní okluze

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